powerpoint presentation

2. In physiology respiration is defined as the transport of
oxygen from the outside air to the cells within the tissues
and transport of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction

3. Respiratory system is a biological system
consisting of specific organs and structures
used for the process of respiration in
organism. The respiratory system is involved
in the intake of oxygen and release of carbon
dioxide.

5. Respiratory system consist of;
NOSTRILS NASAL CANAL
LARYNX PHARYNX
OESOPHAGUS BRONCHI
LUNGS

6.  The respiratory system extends from the nostrils to the lungs.
 The minute hair and nostrils prevent the entry of dust and
pathogens into the lungs to a certain extent.
 Nostrils are followed by the nasal canal that opens into the
pharynx.
 The epiglottis seen above the laryngs prevent food particles
from enter in the trachea.
 The trachea is made up of incomplete C-shaped
cartilaginous rings. Mucus and cilia are seen here too.
 The trachea divides in to two branches. These are the
bronchi

7.  The bronchi enter the lungs found on either side of the
thoracic cavity.
 Lungs are protected inside a double layered membrane
called pleura.
 Pleural fluid is seen between these two layers of pleura.
This fluid helps in reducing the friction during the
expansion and contraction of lungs.
 The bronchi that enter the lungs divide into smaller
branches. These are the bronchioles.

8.  Each bronchiole enters a set of alveoli.
 There are plenty of blood capillaries on the surface
of alveoli. The alveoli increase the surface area of
the lungs and thus increase the efficiency of the
exchange of gases.

9.  Breathing is the first step in the process of respiration.
 Breathing is the process that moves air in and out of the lungs.
 Inspiration (intake of oxygen) and expiration (release of carbon
dioxide) constitute breathing.
 Lungs is situated on the diaphragm. Diaphragm is a dome shaped
muscle.
 As the diaphragm flattens, the lungs expand and air is drawn in.
This process is called inhalation or inspiration.
 As the diaphragm relaxes, air leaves the lungs and they come back
to their original position. This is called exhalation or expiration.

10.  Oxygen diffuses in to the blood in the alveoli of the lungs.
 Hemoglobin in the red blood corpuscles absorbs oxygen.
 There are about 50 lakhs of RBC’s in one ml blood. The
RBC’s are non- nucleated, so they can absorb more
haemoglobin.
 Iron is the oxygen transporting factor in haemoglobin.

11.  Haemoglobin absorbs oxygen and become oxyhaemoglobin.
It is a less stable compound. Since the concentration of
oxygen is higher in the lungs haemoglobin easily combines
with the oxygen
 But in tissues the concentration of oxygen is less. Therefore
oxyhaemoglobin dissociates very quickly and provides
oxygen to tissues.
 The haemoglobin returns to lungs where it again combines
with the oxygen.