Respiration and Mechanism

2. Respiration is a physical process by
which living organism take in
oxygen from the surrounding
medium and emit carbon dioxide.

3. Respiration is the process of liberation of
energy, within the cell, from fuel molecules
such as carbohydrates and fats.

6. Internal respiration External respiration
Internal respiration
Exchange of gases
between the blood and
cells.
External respiration
Exchange of gases
between the blood and
lungs.

7. Internal respiration External respiration

8.  This respiration process
takes place in lungs with
the help of alveoli (air
sacs). In alveoli, the
carbon dioxide diffuse
with blood.

9.  This process of
respiration takes place
in blood and cells. In
respiration oxygenated
blood reaches the cells,
where oxygen gets
used up during energy
production

10. It consists of breathing organs like lungs,
trachea, alveoli, etc. it also helps in energy
production.

12. The primary function of the respiratory
system is to exchange gases. Oxygen is
inhaled so the blood can carry it to the
parts of the body, and carbon dioxide, a
waste product, is breathed out.

13.  The nose नाक
 The pharynx
 The larynx गला
 The trachea ट्रेककआ
 The lungs फे फडे

14. UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
NOSE
PHARYNX
THE LARYNX
TRACHEA
LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT
LUNGS
 BRONCHI
 ALVEOLI

15. NOSE

16. PHARYNX
The pharynx or throat is a
muscular funnel extending
13 cm (5 inches) from the
internal nostrils to the
larynx. Air continues
through the pharynx.

17. THE LARYNX
The larynx or voice box is
a cartilaginous chamber.
Its basic function is to
keep food and drink out
of the airway, but it has
evolved the additional role
of producing sound.

18. TRACHEA
The trachea or wind pipe is
a rigid tube, 12 cm in
length, with C-shaped
cartilage rings to keep it
from collapsing during
inhalation.

20. LUNGS
Bronchi Alveoli

21. LUNGS
The human lungs are the organs of respiration in
humans.
Bronchi
Two main branches of the trachea that go into
the lungs. This then further divides into the
bronchioles and alveoli.
Alveoli
The alveoli are the final branching of the
respiratory tree and act as the primary gas
exchange units of the lung.

22. Bronchi Alveoli

23.  The lungs are the essential organs of respiration;
they are two in number, placed one on either side
within the thorax, and separated from each other
by the heart and other contents of the
mediastinum.
 The right lung usually weighs about 625 gm., the
left 567 gm.
 Each lung is conical in shape.
 an apex, a base, three borders, and two surfaces.

24.  The lungs are heavier in the male than in the female.
 The length of lungs is 10 to 14 inches depending our
age and they are about 5 inches wide.
 Lungs are made up of millions of alveoli and bronchial
tubes.

25. The volume of gas contained within the lungs
at the end of a maximum inspiration.
LUNGS VOLUME = 500ml

26. The volume of the vital capacity and the
residual air is termed as the lungs capacity.
Lungs capacity = vital capacity + residual air

28. Mechanism
of
Respiration
Mechanism
of
Inhalation
Mechanism
of
Exhalation

30. Mechanism of Exhalation
Relaxation of the external intercostals and the
diaphragm allow a set of opposing muscles,
the internal intercostal muscles, to return the
thorax to its previous size. As the thorax
diminishes in size air is expelled from the lungs.
All English speech sounds are composed using
exhaled air from the lungs, i.e. using a pulmonic
air stream.

32. Mechanism of Inhalation
On inhalation the diaphragm contracts and
becomes flatter as it is lowered. In addition, the
lower ribs swing upwards and outwards as
the external intercostal muscles contract. These
movements increase the volume of the thorax and
the pressure within it falls to below atmospheric
pressure. Consequently, air rushes into the lungs
to fill this partial vacuum.