The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) is the principal US law governing solid and hazardous waste disposal. Enacted in 1976, RCRA aims to protect human health and the environment from waste hazards by regulating waste from "cradle to grave", including generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal. RCRA addresses both hazardous and non-hazardous waste, and gives the EPA authority to implement regulations around waste management. RCRA has been amended over time to expand its scope and strengthen protections.
Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) is a process which ensures that all environmental matters are taken into account quite early in the project at planning process itself.It takes into consideration not only technical and economic considerations but also, traditional aspects like impact on local people, biodiversity etc.
Smog is a kind of intense air pollution, originally named for the mixture of smoke and fog in the air. Major cities around the world are experiencing the effects of air pollution.
Conservation of biodiversity is protection, upliftment, and scientific management of biodiversity to maintain it at its threshold level and derive sustainable benefits for the present and future generation.
Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) is a process which ensures that all environmental matters are taken into account quite early in the project at planning process itself.It takes into consideration not only technical and economic considerations but also, traditional aspects like impact on local people, biodiversity etc.
Smog is a kind of intense air pollution, originally named for the mixture of smoke and fog in the air. Major cities around the world are experiencing the effects of air pollution.
Conservation of biodiversity is protection, upliftment, and scientific management of biodiversity to maintain it at its threshold level and derive sustainable benefits for the present and future generation.
EIA is a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.
EIA 1994 and the further amendments are explained i.e. 2006 and 2020.
History of Air pollution and episodes, Sources of air pollution and types, Introduction
to meteorology and transport of air pollution: Global winds, Headley cells, wind rose terrestrial wind profile, Effects of terrain and topography on winds, lapse rate, maximum mixing depths, plume rise
LIVING WITH THE EARTHObjectives for this C.docxcroysierkathey
LIVING WITH THE EARTH
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
1. Discuss how a law is made and describe the system of environmental laws.
2. List and describe the major components of the major federal environmental laws including: RCRA, CERCLA, EPCRA,SARA Title III, Pollution Prevention Act, CAA, CWA, SDWA, stormwater regulations, pesticide regulations, and underground storage tank regulations.
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
3. Describe and discuss the major components of environmental compliance.
The Making of a LawBill is first introduced into house and senate;Referred to subcommittee for review and support;90% fail at this levelRecommended bills are brought forward for hearings and comment;Committee meets to mark up (discuss) bill and vote on it;If still found favorable, bill is sent to full chamber;
The Making of a Law (cont.)The bill is then sent to the Rules committee of House where a time limit is set for debate and other rules are set.The bill is also sent to the Senate where unrelated riders may be attached to a popular bill.House and Senate usually make changes in the bill before passing, and the different versions are sent to a conference committee for resolution.
SENATE
HOUSE
Rules committee
Senate version
House version
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
BILL
BILL
BILL
The Making of a Law (cont.)If a resolution is accepted and the same version is approved by both House and Senate, the bill moves forward to the President who may sign or veto it.Congress can override a veto by 2/3rds majority, but this is difficult to do.
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
SENATE
HOUSE
If both Chambers approve final version, the bill is sent forward to the president
Veto?
Sign?
PRESIDENT
BILL
Common Themes Among Environmental LawsEIGHT GENERIC COMPLIANCE OBLIGATIONS1. Notification requirements2. Discharge or waste controls3. Process controls and pollution prevention4. Product controls5. Regulation of activities6. Safe transportation requirements7. Response and remediation requirements8. Compensation requirements
Environmental Laws are Part of a SystemENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENCOMPASSES ALL THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION THAT COMES FROM:U.S. CONSTITUTION AND STATE CONSTITUTIONSFEDERAL AND STATE STATUTES AND LOCAL ORDINANCESREGULATIONS PUBLISHED BY FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIESPRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDERSCOURT DECISIONS INTERPRETING THESE LAWSTHE COMMON LAW
Executive OrdersThese are orders issued by the president and require federal facilities to comply and provide leadership in protecting the environment. More than 18 executive orders have been issued since 1970.
Common LawA body of rules and principles that pertain to the government and the security of persons and property.Basic rules originally developed in England and then brought to American Colonies.
Under Common LawTortA private wrong or wrongful act for which the injured party c ...
LIVING WITH THE EARTHCHAPTER 13ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS & COMP.docxcroysierkathey
LIVING WITH THE EARTH
CHAPTER 13
ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
& COMPLIANCE
Page
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
1. Discuss how a law is made and describe the system of environmental laws.
2. List and describe the major components of the major federal environmental laws including: RCRA, CERCLA, EPCRA,SARA Title III, Pollution Prevention Act, CAA, CWA, SDWA, stormwater regulations, pesticide regulations, and underground storage tank regulations.
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
3. Describe and discuss the major components of environmental compliance.
The Making of a Law
Bill is first introduced into house and senate;
Referred to subcommittee for review and support;
90% fail at this level
Recommended bills are brought forward for hearings and comment;
Committee meets to mark up (discuss) bill and vote on it;
If still found favorable, bill is sent to full chamber;
The Making of a Law (cont.)
The bill is then sent to the Rules committee of House where a time limit is set for debate and other rules are set.
The bill is also sent to the Senate where unrelated riders may be attached to a popular bill.
House and Senate usually make changes in the bill before passing, and the different versions are sent to a conference committee for resolution.
BILL
SENATE
HOUSE
Rules committee
BILL
BILL
Senate version
House version
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
The Making of a Law (cont.)
If a resolution is accepted and the same version is approved by both House and Senate, the bill moves forward to the President who may sign or veto it.
Congress can override a veto by 2/3rds majority, but this is difficult to do.
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
BILL
SENATE
HOUSE
If both Chambers approve final version, the bill is sent forward to the president
Veto?
Sign?
PRESIDENT
Page
Common Themes Among Environmental Laws
EIGHT GENERIC COMPLIANCE OBLIGATIONS
1. Notification requirements
2. Discharge or waste controls
3. Process controls and pollution prevention
4. Product controls
5. Regulation of activities
6. Safe transportation requirements
7. Response and remediation requirements
8. Compensation requirements
Environmental Laws are Part of a System
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENCOMPASSES ALL THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION THAT COMES FROM:
U.S. CONSTITUTION AND STATE CONSTITUTIONS
FEDERAL AND STATE STATUTES AND LOCAL ORDINANCES
REGULATIONS PUBLISHED BY FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES
PRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDERS
COURT DECISIONS INTERPRETING THESE LAWS
THE COMMON LAW
Executive Orders
These are orders issued by the president and require federal facilities to comply and provide leadership in protecting the environment. More than 18 executive orders have been issued since 1970.
Common Law
A body of rules and principles that pertain to the government and the security of persons and property.
Basic rules originally developed in England and t ...
EIA is a process of evaluating the likely environmental impacts of a proposed project or development, taking into account inter-related socio-economic, cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.
EIA 1994 and the further amendments are explained i.e. 2006 and 2020.
History of Air pollution and episodes, Sources of air pollution and types, Introduction
to meteorology and transport of air pollution: Global winds, Headley cells, wind rose terrestrial wind profile, Effects of terrain and topography on winds, lapse rate, maximum mixing depths, plume rise
LIVING WITH THE EARTHObjectives for this C.docxcroysierkathey
LIVING WITH THE EARTH
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
1. Discuss how a law is made and describe the system of environmental laws.
2. List and describe the major components of the major federal environmental laws including: RCRA, CERCLA, EPCRA,SARA Title III, Pollution Prevention Act, CAA, CWA, SDWA, stormwater regulations, pesticide regulations, and underground storage tank regulations.
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
3. Describe and discuss the major components of environmental compliance.
The Making of a LawBill is first introduced into house and senate;Referred to subcommittee for review and support;90% fail at this levelRecommended bills are brought forward for hearings and comment;Committee meets to mark up (discuss) bill and vote on it;If still found favorable, bill is sent to full chamber;
The Making of a Law (cont.)The bill is then sent to the Rules committee of House where a time limit is set for debate and other rules are set.The bill is also sent to the Senate where unrelated riders may be attached to a popular bill.House and Senate usually make changes in the bill before passing, and the different versions are sent to a conference committee for resolution.
SENATE
HOUSE
Rules committee
Senate version
House version
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
BILL
BILL
BILL
The Making of a Law (cont.)If a resolution is accepted and the same version is approved by both House and Senate, the bill moves forward to the President who may sign or veto it.Congress can override a veto by 2/3rds majority, but this is difficult to do.
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
SENATE
HOUSE
If both Chambers approve final version, the bill is sent forward to the president
Veto?
Sign?
PRESIDENT
BILL
Common Themes Among Environmental LawsEIGHT GENERIC COMPLIANCE OBLIGATIONS1. Notification requirements2. Discharge or waste controls3. Process controls and pollution prevention4. Product controls5. Regulation of activities6. Safe transportation requirements7. Response and remediation requirements8. Compensation requirements
Environmental Laws are Part of a SystemENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENCOMPASSES ALL THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION THAT COMES FROM:U.S. CONSTITUTION AND STATE CONSTITUTIONSFEDERAL AND STATE STATUTES AND LOCAL ORDINANCESREGULATIONS PUBLISHED BY FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIESPRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDERSCOURT DECISIONS INTERPRETING THESE LAWSTHE COMMON LAW
Executive OrdersThese are orders issued by the president and require federal facilities to comply and provide leadership in protecting the environment. More than 18 executive orders have been issued since 1970.
Common LawA body of rules and principles that pertain to the government and the security of persons and property.Basic rules originally developed in England and then brought to American Colonies.
Under Common LawTortA private wrong or wrongful act for which the injured party c ...
LIVING WITH THE EARTHCHAPTER 13ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS & COMP.docxcroysierkathey
LIVING WITH THE EARTH
CHAPTER 13
ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS
& COMPLIANCE
Page
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
1. Discuss how a law is made and describe the system of environmental laws.
2. List and describe the major components of the major federal environmental laws including: RCRA, CERCLA, EPCRA,SARA Title III, Pollution Prevention Act, CAA, CWA, SDWA, stormwater regulations, pesticide regulations, and underground storage tank regulations.
Objectives for this Chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
3. Describe and discuss the major components of environmental compliance.
The Making of a Law
Bill is first introduced into house and senate;
Referred to subcommittee for review and support;
90% fail at this level
Recommended bills are brought forward for hearings and comment;
Committee meets to mark up (discuss) bill and vote on it;
If still found favorable, bill is sent to full chamber;
The Making of a Law (cont.)
The bill is then sent to the Rules committee of House where a time limit is set for debate and other rules are set.
The bill is also sent to the Senate where unrelated riders may be attached to a popular bill.
House and Senate usually make changes in the bill before passing, and the different versions are sent to a conference committee for resolution.
BILL
SENATE
HOUSE
Rules committee
BILL
BILL
Senate version
House version
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
The Making of a Law (cont.)
If a resolution is accepted and the same version is approved by both House and Senate, the bill moves forward to the President who may sign or veto it.
Congress can override a veto by 2/3rds majority, but this is difficult to do.
CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
BILL
SENATE
HOUSE
If both Chambers approve final version, the bill is sent forward to the president
Veto?
Sign?
PRESIDENT
Page
Common Themes Among Environmental Laws
EIGHT GENERIC COMPLIANCE OBLIGATIONS
1. Notification requirements
2. Discharge or waste controls
3. Process controls and pollution prevention
4. Product controls
5. Regulation of activities
6. Safe transportation requirements
7. Response and remediation requirements
8. Compensation requirements
Environmental Laws are Part of a System
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENCOMPASSES ALL THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION THAT COMES FROM:
U.S. CONSTITUTION AND STATE CONSTITUTIONS
FEDERAL AND STATE STATUTES AND LOCAL ORDINANCES
REGULATIONS PUBLISHED BY FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL AGENCIES
PRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDERS
COURT DECISIONS INTERPRETING THESE LAWS
THE COMMON LAW
Executive Orders
These are orders issued by the president and require federal facilities to comply and provide leadership in protecting the environment. More than 18 executive orders have been issued since 1970.
Common Law
A body of rules and principles that pertain to the government and the security of persons and property.
Basic rules originally developed in England and t ...
An Introduction to Environmental Law by Oliver Campbell QC and Rachel TandyRachel Tandy
This talk was prepared and delivered as an introduction to Environmental Law for an audience of Chinese Lawyers currently hosted by various chambers in London as part of the Bar Council's training scheme. It is intended to provide a brief overview of the topic and its key features and pitfalls.
Environmental Issues in Real Estate Transactions Polsinelli PC
Presentation covers basics of environmental law applicable to real estate transactions including key statutes, important liability defenses or "safe harbors", role of due diligence, and how much diligence is required, contractual provision and resources to address environmental issues and keep the deal alive.
Environmental Treaties and Legislation.pptxFNStar1
"Explore vital environmental treaties like the Paris Agreement and Kyoto Protocol alongside significant national legislation such as the Clean Air Act. Highlight recent advancements and emphasize global cooperation for sustainable environmental stewardship in a dynamic and interconnected world."
Similar to Resource conservation recovery act (20)
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
1. Resource Conservationand Recovery Act
The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), enacted in 1976, is the
principal federal law in the United States governing the disposal of solid waste and hazardous
waste.
History and goals:
Congress enacted RCRA to address the increasing problems the nation faced from its growing
volume of municipal and industrial waste. RCRA amended the Solid Waste Disposal Act of
1965. It set national goals for:
Protecting human health and the natural environment from the potential hazards of waste
disposal.
Energy conservation and natural resources.
Reducing the amount of waste generated, through source reduction and recycling
Ensuring the management of waste in an environmentally sound manner.
It is now most widely known for the regulations promulgated under RCRA that set standards for
the treatment, storage and disposal of hazardous waste in the United States.
Implementation:
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has published waste management regulations,
which are codified in Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations at parts 239 through 282.
Regulations regarding management of hazardous waste begin in part 260. As noted below,
most states have enacted laws and created regulations that are at least as stringent as the federal
regulations. Furthermore, the RCRA statute authorizes states to carry out many of the functions
of the federal law through their own hazardous waste programs (as well as their state laws) if
such programs have been approved by the EPA.
Provisions:
A: General Provisions
2. Congressional Findings; Objectives and National Policy
Definitions
Interstate Cooperation; Application of Act and Integration with Other Acts
Financial Disclosure; Solid Waste Management Information and Guidelines
B: Office of Solid Waste; Authorities of the Administrator
Office of Solid Waste and Interagency Coordinating Committee
Authorities of EPA Administrator
Resource Recovery and Conservation Panels; Grants
Annual Report; Office of Ombudsman
C: "Cradle to Grave" requirements
Arguably the most notable provisions of the RCRA statute are included in Subtitle C, which
directs EPA to establish controls on the management of hazardous wastes from their point of
generation, through their transportation and treatment, storage and/or disposal. Because RCRA
requires controls on hazardous waste generators (i.e., sites that generate hazardous waste),
transporters, and treatment, storage and disposal facilities (i.e., facilities that ultimately
treat/dispose of or recycle the hazardous waste), the overall regulatory framework has become
known as the "cradle to grave" system. The program imposes stringent recordkeeping and
reporting requirements on generators, transporters, and operators of treatment, storage and
disposal facilities handling hazardous waste.
D: Non-hazardous Solid Wastes
Non-hazardous solid wastes include certain hazardous wastes which are exempted from the
Subtitle C regulations, such as hazardous wastes from households and from conditionally exempt
small quantity generators. Oil and gas exploration and production wastes, such as drill cuttings,
produced water, and drilling fluids are categorized as "special wastes" and are also exempt from
Subtitle C. Subtitle D also includes garbage (e.g., food containers, coffee grounds), non-recycled
household appliances, residue from incinerated automobile tires, refuse such as metal scrap,
construction materials, and sludge from industrial and municipal waste water facilities
and drinking water treatment plants.
E: Department of Commerce responsibilities
3. Development of Specifications for secondary materials; Development of markets for
recovered material.
Technology promotion
F: Federal responsibilities
Application of Federal, State and Local Law to Federal Facilities
Federal procurement
Cooperation with EPA; Applicability of solid waste disposal guidelines to executive
agencies
G: Miscellaneous provisions
Whistleblower protection. Employees in the United States who believe they were fired or
suffered another adverse action related to enforcement of this law have 30 days to file a
written complaint with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
Citizen Suits; Imminent Hazard suits
Petition for regulations; Public participation
H: Research, Development, Demonstration and Information
Research, Demonstrations, Training; Special Studies
Coordination, collection, dissemination of information
I: Underground Storage Tanks
Background
The operation of underground storage tanks (USTs) became subject to the RCRA regulatory
program with enactment of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments of 1984(HSWA). At
that time there were about 2.1 million tanks subject to federal regulation, and the EPA program
led to closure and removal of most substandard tanks. As of 2009 there were approximately
600,000 active USTs at 223,000 sites subject to federal regulation.
Regulatory requirements
The federal UST regulations cover tanks storing petroleum or listed hazardous substances, and
define the types of tanks permitted. EPA established a tank notification system to track UST
4. status. UST regulatory programs are principally administered by state and U.S. territorial
agencies.
The regulations set standards for:
Groundwater monitoring
Double liners
Release detection, prevention and correction
Spill control
Overfill control (for petroleum products)
Restrictions on land disposal of untreatable hazardous waste products.
The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) required owners and
operators of USTs to ensure corrective action is completed when a tank is in need of repair, or
removal, when it is necessary to protect human health and the environment. It is also
recommended that above-ground storage tanks are used whenever possible.
J: Medical Waste (expired)
RCRA Subtitle J regulated medical waste in four states (New York, New
Jersey, Connecticut, Rhode Island) and Puerto Rico, and expired on March 22,
1991.(See Medical Waste Tracking Act.) If determined to be hazardous, medical waste is
currently regulated by RCRA Subtitle C for hazardous wastes.
Amendments and related legislation:
The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), also
known as "Superfund," was enacted in 1980 to address the problem of remediating abandoned
hazardous waste sites, by establishing legal liability, as well as a trust fund for cleanup activities.
In general CERCLA applies to contaminated sites, while RCRA's focus is on controlling the
ongoing generation and management of particular waste streams. RCRA, like CERCLA, has
provisions to require cleanup of contaminated sites that occurred in the past.
In 1984 Congress expanded the scope of RCRA with the enactment of Hazardous and Solid
Waste Amendments (HSWA). The amendments strengthened the law by covering small quantity
5. generators of hazardous waste and establishing requirements for hazardous waste incinerators,
and the closing of substandard landfills.
In 1986, SARA addressed cleanup of leaking USTs and other leaking waste storage
facilities. The amendments established a trust fund to pay for the cleanup of leaking UST sites
where responsible parties cannot be identified.
The Land Disposal Program Flexibility Act of 1996 allowed some flexibility in the procedures
for land disposal of certain wastes. For example, a waste is not subject to land disposal
restrictions if it is sent to an industrial wastewater treatment facility, a municipal sewage
treatment plant, or is treated in a "zero discharge" facility.
The bill Reducing Excessive Deadline Obligations Act of 2013 (H.R. 2279; 113th Congress),
which made it to the House floor in January 2014, would amend this law "to remove a
requirement that the Administrator of the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
review and revise regulations declared under such Act at least every three years."
Treatment, storage, and disposal facility permits:
Treatment, storage, and disposal facilities (TSDFs) manage hazardous waste under RCRA
Subtitle C and generally must have a permit in order to operate. While most facilities have
RCRA permits, some continue to operate under what is called "interim status." Interim status
requirements appear in 40 CFR Part 265.
The permitting requirements for TSDFs appear in 40 CFR Parts 264 and 270. TSDFs manage
(treat, store, or dispose) hazardous waste in units that may include: container storage areas, tanks,
surface impoundments, waste piles, land treatment units, landfills, incinerators, containment
buildings, and/or drip pads.