An overview of the history of populism in the U.S. and elsewhere with unparalleled insights from primary and secondary sources. Learn about the origins of populism, populist leaders, left- and right-wing populist movements and more.
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to the post-World War II period from 1945-1980 in AP US History. It discusses three main points:
1) How the US sought to contain communism abroad through military engagements, collective security agreements, and economic programs like the Marshall Plan. This led to fluctuations in Cold War tensions.
2) Decolonization movements and conflicts in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East complicated US foreign policy. The US also intervened in Latin America to oppose communist regimes.
3) Cold War policies sparked domestic debates around civil liberties, executive power, and the role of government. Protests grew against US interventions in Korea and Vietnam.
This document provides an overview of Key Concept 8.3 from the APUSH review guide, which discusses postwar economic and demographic changes in American society from 1945-1980. It covers (1) economic growth and suburbanization, (2) increased immigration after changes to immigration laws in 1965, and (3) social and cultural changes including the rise of mass culture, counterculture movements, and evangelical Christianity. Test questions may focus on topics like the conservative movement, changes to family structures and culture, or comparisons of immigration policies over time.
While indigenous populations in Canada, the US, and Latin America faced disease, land disputes, and human rights issues following European colonization, their experiences varied. In Canada, treaties established indigenous rights but were sometimes violated, while the US pursued an "Indian removal" policy. In Latin America, indigenous groups faced poverty, poor living conditions, and discrimination. Overall, indigenous rights have improved in recent decades through legislation and court rulings in all three regions, but full equality has yet to be achieved.
This document provides an overview of Key Concept 7.1 in AP US History, which discusses the transformation of the US from a rural to urban industrial society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It outlines factors like new technologies, the rise of large corporations, and mass migration to cities that drove this change. It also examines the Progressive Era response to economic instability and corruption, including calls for government regulation and social reforms. Finally, it covers the New Deal programs and expanded role of the federal government during the Great Depression to provide relief, jobs, and reforms to the financial system.
The document provides a review of Key Concept 3.2 from the AP US History curriculum focusing on the period after the American Revolution. It summarizes the democratic and republican ideals that emerged from the Enlightenment and inspired the revolution. It also discusses the various compromises needed to draft and ratify the US Constitution, including the Great Compromise that created a bicameral legislature and the Three-Fifths Compromise. The review concludes by noting the early political divisions between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans and the continued expansion of slavery in the new nation.
Progressivism dominated US politics from the 1890s to the 1920s as reformers advocated for social change through government intervention. They sought to address issues like the gap between rich and poor, corrupt politics, unsafe working conditions, and poor living standards for many. The movement achieved some successes through muckraking journalism, political reforms at the state level, and new laws under progressive presidents like Roosevelt and Wilson. However, it largely failed on civil rights and making significant progress for racial minorities.
The Progressive Era occurred between 1890-1920 and was a period of significant reforms and social activism in the United States. Reforms sought to address issues like corruption in government, women's suffrage, child labor, monopoly trusts, alcohol prohibition, and civil rights. Six US presidents are associated with advancing Progressive goals during this era through new laws and amendments regarding issues like income tax, direct election of senators, women's right to vote, and prohibition of alcohol.
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to the post-World War II period from 1945-1980 in AP US History. It discusses three main points:
1) How the US sought to contain communism abroad through military engagements, collective security agreements, and economic programs like the Marshall Plan. This led to fluctuations in Cold War tensions.
2) Decolonization movements and conflicts in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East complicated US foreign policy. The US also intervened in Latin America to oppose communist regimes.
3) Cold War policies sparked domestic debates around civil liberties, executive power, and the role of government. Protests grew against US interventions in Korea and Vietnam.
This document provides an overview of Key Concept 8.3 from the APUSH review guide, which discusses postwar economic and demographic changes in American society from 1945-1980. It covers (1) economic growth and suburbanization, (2) increased immigration after changes to immigration laws in 1965, and (3) social and cultural changes including the rise of mass culture, counterculture movements, and evangelical Christianity. Test questions may focus on topics like the conservative movement, changes to family structures and culture, or comparisons of immigration policies over time.
While indigenous populations in Canada, the US, and Latin America faced disease, land disputes, and human rights issues following European colonization, their experiences varied. In Canada, treaties established indigenous rights but were sometimes violated, while the US pursued an "Indian removal" policy. In Latin America, indigenous groups faced poverty, poor living conditions, and discrimination. Overall, indigenous rights have improved in recent decades through legislation and court rulings in all three regions, but full equality has yet to be achieved.
This document provides an overview of Key Concept 7.1 in AP US History, which discusses the transformation of the US from a rural to urban industrial society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It outlines factors like new technologies, the rise of large corporations, and mass migration to cities that drove this change. It also examines the Progressive Era response to economic instability and corruption, including calls for government regulation and social reforms. Finally, it covers the New Deal programs and expanded role of the federal government during the Great Depression to provide relief, jobs, and reforms to the financial system.
The document provides a review of Key Concept 3.2 from the AP US History curriculum focusing on the period after the American Revolution. It summarizes the democratic and republican ideals that emerged from the Enlightenment and inspired the revolution. It also discusses the various compromises needed to draft and ratify the US Constitution, including the Great Compromise that created a bicameral legislature and the Three-Fifths Compromise. The review concludes by noting the early political divisions between Federalists and Democratic-Republicans and the continued expansion of slavery in the new nation.
Progressivism dominated US politics from the 1890s to the 1920s as reformers advocated for social change through government intervention. They sought to address issues like the gap between rich and poor, corrupt politics, unsafe working conditions, and poor living standards for many. The movement achieved some successes through muckraking journalism, political reforms at the state level, and new laws under progressive presidents like Roosevelt and Wilson. However, it largely failed on civil rights and making significant progress for racial minorities.
The Progressive Era occurred between 1890-1920 and was a period of significant reforms and social activism in the United States. Reforms sought to address issues like corruption in government, women's suffrage, child labor, monopoly trusts, alcohol prohibition, and civil rights. Six US presidents are associated with advancing Progressive goals during this era through new laws and amendments regarding issues like income tax, direct election of senators, women's right to vote, and prohibition of alcohol.
The Progressive Era was a period of social activism and political reform in the United States that spanned from the 1890s to the 1920s. Caused by cultural decline, muckrakers exposing issues, and economic changes from industrialization, progressives fought for reforms addressing issues like corruption, child labor, women's suffrage, and prohibition. Key leaders included Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Robert LaFollette. Roosevelt proposed a New Nationalism with trust busting and consumer protections. Wilson advocated a New Freedom through antitrust acts and the Federal Reserve. Women and African Americans also led important reform movements during this era of social change.
1. Farmers in the late 19th century faced many hardships like low crop prices, high costs, and drought. They organized groups like the Grange to address these issues.
2. The Grange, formed by Oliver Kelley in 1867, advocated for farmers' rights and had over 1 million members. When it declined, the Farmers' Alliances continued its goals.
3. In response to economic troubles, the Populist Party was formed in 1892 with a platform including silver coinage and regulating railroads. It gained some political successes but ultimately did not last as a major party.
The document discusses key events and developments during Andrew Jackson's presidency from 1829-1837. It summarizes that Jackson's presidency expanded democracy by allowing more white men to vote. It led to the growth of new political parties like the Democrats and Whigs. Though Jackson aimed for equal rights, events like the Nullification Crisis and Indian Removal highlighted regional divisions between the North and South. The document also summarizes Jackson's battles with the Bank of the United States and the economic Panic of 1837 that occurred at the end of his presidency.
The document provides an overview of Key Concept 4.3 from the APUSH review which discusses how US foreign policy and private initiatives in the early 19th century were shaped by expanding trade and national borders. It summarizes events like the Lewis and Clark expedition, conflicts with Native Americans during the Indian Removal period, and the Monroe Doctrine. It also examines how westward expansion increased tensions between the North and South over the spread of slavery into new territories, as seen in events like the Missouri Compromise.
The Progressive Era saw reforms from 1890-1920 to address problems from industrialization, urbanization, and immigration. Progressives sought to increase democracy, regulate corporations, and promote social justice. They used government action and experts to implement reforms. At the municipal level, reforms included stronger mayors and professionalizing social work. States enacted reforms like the secret ballot, child labor laws, and women's suffrage. Nationally, Roosevelt was a "trust-buster" while Taft and Wilson passed more progressive policies. Women and African Americans also advocated for greater rights in this era.
The document discusses several changes that occurred in Georgia's political landscape in the 1960s and beyond. Specifically:
1) A rural-dominated voting system that allowed a minority of voters to control the state government was ruled unconstitutional in 1962, shifting political power to more populated urban areas over time.
2) Jimmy Carter served as Georgia's governor from 1971-1975 and accomplished desegregation and government reforms before being elected as the 39th U.S. President in 1976.
3) Hosting the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta brought infrastructure improvements and economic benefits but was marred by a terrorist bombing in Centennial Olympic Park that killed one person.
This document provides an overview of the Progressive Era in the United States between the 1890s and 1920s. It describes how political machines corrupted local governments and how muckrakers exposed issues through investigative journalism. The Progressive movement aimed to curb the excesses of big business and promote social justice. Reforms included strengthening antitrust laws, passing food and drug safety acts, and giving women the right to vote through the 19th Amendment. However, minorities still faced widespread discrimination, lynching, and exclusion from many reforms during this era of social change.
In the 1920s, Americans began to change their historically open attitude towards immigration. This was due to growing isolationism after World War I, as Americans wanted to avoid foreign entanglements. There was also fear of revolution following the Russian Revolution of 1917 and prejudice against new southern and eastern European immigrants, as old Anglo-Saxon immigrants viewed the new immigrants as threatening traditional American values and jobs. The economic difficulties of the postwar period also led Americans to view immigrants as scapegoats for issues like unemployment and declining wages. As a result, the once open door to immigration in the U.S. began to close in the 1920s.
What factors led to the formation and growth of the civil rights movementRob Granger
The civil rights movement in Northern Ireland formed in the late 1960s due to changing Catholic attitudes and discrimination. It was influenced by movements in the US and sought to secure basic rights for Catholics. The movement grew through non-violent protests modeled on MLK that drew international attention when faced with police brutality, radicalizing more Catholics. While emerging from nationalist goals, it occupied a political space left by disarrayed parties and focused on socioeconomic issues using new tactics to build broad support and become a powerful force.
This document summarizes key events and movements in the 1960s that challenged traditional authority in the US, including:
1) The rise of the New Left and counterculture youth movements protesting the Vietnam War and demanding civil rights and free speech.
2) Minority groups like Native Americans, Latinos, and gays mobilizing for equal rights and self-determination through organizations like the American Indian Movement and United Farm Workers.
3) The emergence of second-wave feminism in response to works like The Feminine Mystique, and its fight for women's political and reproductive rights.
This document provides background information on the Progressive Era in the United States. It discusses key aspects of Progressivism including its time period from the 1890s to 1920s and goals of promoting social welfare, moral improvement, and economic and political reforms. Some of the reforms discussed include protections for women and children, prohibitions on alcohol, trust busting, conservation efforts, and muckraking journalism. The document also examines some of the problems Progressives sought to address like working conditions, unchecked big business, and corruption. Overall, the document offers context about the scope and goals of the Progressive movement in American history.
The document summarizes key events and policies of Reconstruction from 1865 to 1877. It describes Lincoln and Johnson's initial lenient Reconstruction plans, the passage of the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery, the imposition of harsher terms by Radical Republicans in Congress, and their efforts to establish rights for freedmen through legislation like the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and military rule in the South. However, Reconstruction was met with resistance through laws like the Black Codes. Corruption weakened Republican control, violence increased, and the Compromise of 1877 marked the official end of Reconstruction and withdrawal of federal troops from the South.
The 1960 presidential election saw John F. Kennedy defeat Richard Nixon in a close race. Kennedy benefited from his performance in televised debates, as well as calling Coretta Scott King when her husband Martin Luther King Jr. was jailed. Kennedy's narrow popular vote victory resulted in him being the first Catholic president. As president, Kennedy proposed expanding civil rights and launching a "New Frontier" domestic agenda, though much of it failed to pass Congress. He also took initial steps towards a "War on Poverty".
The document provides a timeline and overview of politics, recreation, entertainment, and other aspects of life in the United States from the 1920s through the 1930s. Some key events included prohibition in the 1920s leading to organized crime, women gaining the right to vote in 1920, the stock market crash of 1929 triggering the Great Depression, and Franklin D. Roosevelt being elected president in 1932 on promises to address the Depression. Entertainment during this period included the rise of jazz music and new sports like water skiing gaining popularity.
The Civil Rights Movement met some needs of black Americans by ending segregation and securing key legislation, but ultimately failed to achieve full social, economic, and political equality. While groups like the NAACP and CORE successfully challenged segregation laws, and leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. gained important victories, discrimination and inequality persisted. Federal policies provided some support but did little to change racist attitudes. Social and economic conditions remained unequal, as evidenced by northern riots and the Kerner Commission report. As a result, more radical black movements emerged calling for alternative approaches to address the ongoing needs and grievances of black communities.
The document discusses the social and political upheaval in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s. Key events and movements included:
1) The emergence of the New Left consisting of college students inspired by the civil rights movement and seeking social change. Groups like SDS and protests like those over People's Park polarized campuses.
2) The growth of counterculture movements like hippies that rejected mainstream society and embraced liberal views on drugs, sex, and alcohol.
3) The rise of activism for minorities' rights, including the formation of groups like AIM fighting for Native American rights and the occupation of Wounded Knee, and Cesar Chavez organizing farmworkers.
4
The document discusses several key aspects of the Progressive Era in the United States, including:
1) Reformers known as Progressives worked to improve America's political and social environment in response to concerns about business excesses, and their efforts strengthened American democracy.
2) Novels like Upton Sinclair's The Jungle exposed unsafe practices and spurred legislation like the Pure Food and Drug Act to regulate industries and protect consumers.
3) Women reformers played a large role in social reforms addressing issues like temperance, suffrage, education, and racism through organizations like settlement houses.
4) Jim Crow laws imposed racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans in the South despite the end of Reconstruction.
As the document begins, it notes that at the turn of the 21st century, American society was changing and facing new challenges compared to the previous century. Immigration policies were relaxed through laws like the Immigration Act of 1990, leading to a large influx of over 1 million new immigrants annually, most from Latin America and Asia. This changing demographic landscape was increasingly diverse but also debated issues like bilingual education and illegal immigration. Additionally, factors like divorce becoming more common, women increasingly working, and debates around topics like affirmative action, standardized testing in schools, and reforms to Social Security showed how American society was being transformed at the century's start.
The document discusses various barriers to civil rights for African Americans in the United States up until 1941, including legal impediments like Jim Crow laws, a lack of political influence due to black disenfranchisement, and violent activities by the Ku Klux Klan aimed at intimidating and terrorizing the black community. Legal segregation and the Supreme Court's endorsement of the "separate but equal" doctrine in Plessy v. Ferguson cemented racial discrimination into law. Widespread voter suppression tactics prevented most black Americans from participating in the political process.
The document discusses several key barriers to civil rights for Black Americans up to 1941, including legal impediments, lack of political influence, and the activities of the Ku Klux Klan. Legally, the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision upheld racial segregation. Politically, Southern states used measures like poll taxes and literacy tests to prevent most Black Americans from voting. Meanwhile, the resurgent Ku Klux Klan used intimidation and violence to oppress Black communities and deter civil rights efforts.
1.12.23 Movement Mythologies and the Legacies of Reconstruction .pptxMaryPotorti1
The document discusses the "master narrative" of the civil rights movement. It summarizes some key issues with this narrative, including that it minimizes the importance of local struggles and organizers like Black women, emphasizes morality over disruption as a tactic, ignores diversity within the Black community, and suggests change came from national leaders rather than a long struggle. It also discusses how the narrative focuses only on 1955-1968 and ignores earlier movements, takes a top-down view of how change happened, and overlooks daily organizing work.
This document provides an overview of Reconstruction in the United States from 1865-1877, including its successes and failures. Key events included Lincoln's assassination in 1865, the establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau to assist formerly enslaved people, and the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments granting citizenship and voting rights to Black men. However, white southern resistance through Black Codes and violence by groups like the KKK undermined Reconstruction. By the late 1870s, white "Redeemers" had regained political control of the south through groups like the White League and Democratic victories, bringing Reconstruction to an end.
The Progressive Era was a period of social activism and political reform in the United States that spanned from the 1890s to the 1920s. Caused by cultural decline, muckrakers exposing issues, and economic changes from industrialization, progressives fought for reforms addressing issues like corruption, child labor, women's suffrage, and prohibition. Key leaders included Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, and Robert LaFollette. Roosevelt proposed a New Nationalism with trust busting and consumer protections. Wilson advocated a New Freedom through antitrust acts and the Federal Reserve. Women and African Americans also led important reform movements during this era of social change.
1. Farmers in the late 19th century faced many hardships like low crop prices, high costs, and drought. They organized groups like the Grange to address these issues.
2. The Grange, formed by Oliver Kelley in 1867, advocated for farmers' rights and had over 1 million members. When it declined, the Farmers' Alliances continued its goals.
3. In response to economic troubles, the Populist Party was formed in 1892 with a platform including silver coinage and regulating railroads. It gained some political successes but ultimately did not last as a major party.
The document discusses key events and developments during Andrew Jackson's presidency from 1829-1837. It summarizes that Jackson's presidency expanded democracy by allowing more white men to vote. It led to the growth of new political parties like the Democrats and Whigs. Though Jackson aimed for equal rights, events like the Nullification Crisis and Indian Removal highlighted regional divisions between the North and South. The document also summarizes Jackson's battles with the Bank of the United States and the economic Panic of 1837 that occurred at the end of his presidency.
The document provides an overview of Key Concept 4.3 from the APUSH review which discusses how US foreign policy and private initiatives in the early 19th century were shaped by expanding trade and national borders. It summarizes events like the Lewis and Clark expedition, conflicts with Native Americans during the Indian Removal period, and the Monroe Doctrine. It also examines how westward expansion increased tensions between the North and South over the spread of slavery into new territories, as seen in events like the Missouri Compromise.
The Progressive Era saw reforms from 1890-1920 to address problems from industrialization, urbanization, and immigration. Progressives sought to increase democracy, regulate corporations, and promote social justice. They used government action and experts to implement reforms. At the municipal level, reforms included stronger mayors and professionalizing social work. States enacted reforms like the secret ballot, child labor laws, and women's suffrage. Nationally, Roosevelt was a "trust-buster" while Taft and Wilson passed more progressive policies. Women and African Americans also advocated for greater rights in this era.
The document discusses several changes that occurred in Georgia's political landscape in the 1960s and beyond. Specifically:
1) A rural-dominated voting system that allowed a minority of voters to control the state government was ruled unconstitutional in 1962, shifting political power to more populated urban areas over time.
2) Jimmy Carter served as Georgia's governor from 1971-1975 and accomplished desegregation and government reforms before being elected as the 39th U.S. President in 1976.
3) Hosting the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta brought infrastructure improvements and economic benefits but was marred by a terrorist bombing in Centennial Olympic Park that killed one person.
This document provides an overview of the Progressive Era in the United States between the 1890s and 1920s. It describes how political machines corrupted local governments and how muckrakers exposed issues through investigative journalism. The Progressive movement aimed to curb the excesses of big business and promote social justice. Reforms included strengthening antitrust laws, passing food and drug safety acts, and giving women the right to vote through the 19th Amendment. However, minorities still faced widespread discrimination, lynching, and exclusion from many reforms during this era of social change.
In the 1920s, Americans began to change their historically open attitude towards immigration. This was due to growing isolationism after World War I, as Americans wanted to avoid foreign entanglements. There was also fear of revolution following the Russian Revolution of 1917 and prejudice against new southern and eastern European immigrants, as old Anglo-Saxon immigrants viewed the new immigrants as threatening traditional American values and jobs. The economic difficulties of the postwar period also led Americans to view immigrants as scapegoats for issues like unemployment and declining wages. As a result, the once open door to immigration in the U.S. began to close in the 1920s.
What factors led to the formation and growth of the civil rights movementRob Granger
The civil rights movement in Northern Ireland formed in the late 1960s due to changing Catholic attitudes and discrimination. It was influenced by movements in the US and sought to secure basic rights for Catholics. The movement grew through non-violent protests modeled on MLK that drew international attention when faced with police brutality, radicalizing more Catholics. While emerging from nationalist goals, it occupied a political space left by disarrayed parties and focused on socioeconomic issues using new tactics to build broad support and become a powerful force.
This document summarizes key events and movements in the 1960s that challenged traditional authority in the US, including:
1) The rise of the New Left and counterculture youth movements protesting the Vietnam War and demanding civil rights and free speech.
2) Minority groups like Native Americans, Latinos, and gays mobilizing for equal rights and self-determination through organizations like the American Indian Movement and United Farm Workers.
3) The emergence of second-wave feminism in response to works like The Feminine Mystique, and its fight for women's political and reproductive rights.
This document provides background information on the Progressive Era in the United States. It discusses key aspects of Progressivism including its time period from the 1890s to 1920s and goals of promoting social welfare, moral improvement, and economic and political reforms. Some of the reforms discussed include protections for women and children, prohibitions on alcohol, trust busting, conservation efforts, and muckraking journalism. The document also examines some of the problems Progressives sought to address like working conditions, unchecked big business, and corruption. Overall, the document offers context about the scope and goals of the Progressive movement in American history.
The document summarizes key events and policies of Reconstruction from 1865 to 1877. It describes Lincoln and Johnson's initial lenient Reconstruction plans, the passage of the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery, the imposition of harsher terms by Radical Republicans in Congress, and their efforts to establish rights for freedmen through legislation like the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and military rule in the South. However, Reconstruction was met with resistance through laws like the Black Codes. Corruption weakened Republican control, violence increased, and the Compromise of 1877 marked the official end of Reconstruction and withdrawal of federal troops from the South.
The 1960 presidential election saw John F. Kennedy defeat Richard Nixon in a close race. Kennedy benefited from his performance in televised debates, as well as calling Coretta Scott King when her husband Martin Luther King Jr. was jailed. Kennedy's narrow popular vote victory resulted in him being the first Catholic president. As president, Kennedy proposed expanding civil rights and launching a "New Frontier" domestic agenda, though much of it failed to pass Congress. He also took initial steps towards a "War on Poverty".
The document provides a timeline and overview of politics, recreation, entertainment, and other aspects of life in the United States from the 1920s through the 1930s. Some key events included prohibition in the 1920s leading to organized crime, women gaining the right to vote in 1920, the stock market crash of 1929 triggering the Great Depression, and Franklin D. Roosevelt being elected president in 1932 on promises to address the Depression. Entertainment during this period included the rise of jazz music and new sports like water skiing gaining popularity.
The Civil Rights Movement met some needs of black Americans by ending segregation and securing key legislation, but ultimately failed to achieve full social, economic, and political equality. While groups like the NAACP and CORE successfully challenged segregation laws, and leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. gained important victories, discrimination and inequality persisted. Federal policies provided some support but did little to change racist attitudes. Social and economic conditions remained unequal, as evidenced by northern riots and the Kerner Commission report. As a result, more radical black movements emerged calling for alternative approaches to address the ongoing needs and grievances of black communities.
The document discusses the social and political upheaval in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s. Key events and movements included:
1) The emergence of the New Left consisting of college students inspired by the civil rights movement and seeking social change. Groups like SDS and protests like those over People's Park polarized campuses.
2) The growth of counterculture movements like hippies that rejected mainstream society and embraced liberal views on drugs, sex, and alcohol.
3) The rise of activism for minorities' rights, including the formation of groups like AIM fighting for Native American rights and the occupation of Wounded Knee, and Cesar Chavez organizing farmworkers.
4
The document discusses several key aspects of the Progressive Era in the United States, including:
1) Reformers known as Progressives worked to improve America's political and social environment in response to concerns about business excesses, and their efforts strengthened American democracy.
2) Novels like Upton Sinclair's The Jungle exposed unsafe practices and spurred legislation like the Pure Food and Drug Act to regulate industries and protect consumers.
3) Women reformers played a large role in social reforms addressing issues like temperance, suffrage, education, and racism through organizations like settlement houses.
4) Jim Crow laws imposed racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans in the South despite the end of Reconstruction.
As the document begins, it notes that at the turn of the 21st century, American society was changing and facing new challenges compared to the previous century. Immigration policies were relaxed through laws like the Immigration Act of 1990, leading to a large influx of over 1 million new immigrants annually, most from Latin America and Asia. This changing demographic landscape was increasingly diverse but also debated issues like bilingual education and illegal immigration. Additionally, factors like divorce becoming more common, women increasingly working, and debates around topics like affirmative action, standardized testing in schools, and reforms to Social Security showed how American society was being transformed at the century's start.
The document discusses various barriers to civil rights for African Americans in the United States up until 1941, including legal impediments like Jim Crow laws, a lack of political influence due to black disenfranchisement, and violent activities by the Ku Klux Klan aimed at intimidating and terrorizing the black community. Legal segregation and the Supreme Court's endorsement of the "separate but equal" doctrine in Plessy v. Ferguson cemented racial discrimination into law. Widespread voter suppression tactics prevented most black Americans from participating in the political process.
The document discusses several key barriers to civil rights for Black Americans up to 1941, including legal impediments, lack of political influence, and the activities of the Ku Klux Klan. Legally, the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision upheld racial segregation. Politically, Southern states used measures like poll taxes and literacy tests to prevent most Black Americans from voting. Meanwhile, the resurgent Ku Klux Klan used intimidation and violence to oppress Black communities and deter civil rights efforts.
1.12.23 Movement Mythologies and the Legacies of Reconstruction .pptxMaryPotorti1
The document discusses the "master narrative" of the civil rights movement. It summarizes some key issues with this narrative, including that it minimizes the importance of local struggles and organizers like Black women, emphasizes morality over disruption as a tactic, ignores diversity within the Black community, and suggests change came from national leaders rather than a long struggle. It also discusses how the narrative focuses only on 1955-1968 and ignores earlier movements, takes a top-down view of how change happened, and overlooks daily organizing work.
This document provides an overview of Reconstruction in the United States from 1865-1877, including its successes and failures. Key events included Lincoln's assassination in 1865, the establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau to assist formerly enslaved people, and the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments granting citizenship and voting rights to Black men. However, white southern resistance through Black Codes and violence by groups like the KKK undermined Reconstruction. By the late 1870s, white "Redeemers" had regained political control of the south through groups like the White League and Democratic victories, bringing Reconstruction to an end.
1) The rise of violent white supremacist groups like the Ku Klux Klan led to intimidation and violence against Republican voters, especially African Americans in the South.
2) Attempts by Southern Democrats to regain political control through intimidation of Republican voters succeeded in Mississippi, Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana.
3) The end of Reconstruction was marked by the Compromise of 1877, which withdrew federal troops from the South, allowing home rule to be restored under Democratic white supremacist governments.
This document discusses key issues around Reconstruction after the Civil War, including how to bring the Confederate states back into the Union, guarantee rights for freed black Americans, and rebuild the postwar South. It outlines debates around punishing Confederate leaders, granting voting rights and citizenship to black Americans, redistributing land, and establishing new state governments in the South. The document also summarizes the policies of Lincoln, Johnson, and the Radical Republicans toward Reconstruction and the resistance of Southern states to those policies through Black Codes and the rise of groups like the Ku Klux Klan.
Chapter 12: Slavery and Sectionalism: The Political Crisis of 1848-1861suziehinman
The document summarizes political events in the United States from 1848 to 1861, as sectional tensions over the issue of slavery led the nation into crisis. It discusses the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, the Dred Scott decision of 1857, John Brown's raid in 1859, and the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860. These events heightened divisions between the North and South and ultimately led 11 Southern states to secede from the Union and form the Confederate States of America in early 1861.
This document provides information on Texas and the American Civil War period. It discusses several topics:
- Women in Texas faced restricted roles and could not vote or hold most jobs prior to the war.
- Education and public schools were still lacking improvements since the republic era. A 1854 law established some funding but provisions moved slowly.
- Religion was dominated by Protestant denominations who did not advocate for social reform.
- As secession grew nearer, pro-secession politicians gained influence in Texas. The Knights of the Golden Circle, a secret pro-slavery organization, also had members that supported secession.
- After the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter, Lincoln called for troops to suppress the
This document provides an overview of Reconstruction in the United States after the Civil War, with a focus on events in Arkansas. It describes the opposing views between moderates like Lincoln who wanted to quickly reunite the country, and Radical Republicans who wanted to impose harsh terms on the South and protect the rights of freedmen. It outlines key events in Arkansas like the Brooks-Baxter War and constitutional conventions that debated voting rights. Reconstruction aimed to rebuild the South and define civil rights, but ultimately failed and led to the disenfranchisement of black citizens in the South.
The Promise and Failure of Reconstruction BEX Spring 2020asunniali
The document discusses the promise and failure of Reconstruction in the United States from 1865-1877. It summarizes that emancipation promised freedom for nearly 4 million enslaved people, but the US government and white slaveholders struggled to accept black people as equal citizens. During Reconstruction, black political leaders advocated for education, civil rights, economic opportunities, and justice. Over 1,400 black men held political office. However, white supremacist groups like the Ku Klux Klan used violence and intimidation to reverse black progress. By 1877, Reconstruction ended as white southerners regained political power through violent means, reversing black civil rights.
1.11.24 Movement Mythologies and the Legacies of Reconstruction .pptxMaryPotorti1
The document discusses key frameworks for understanding the civil rights movement, including defining it as the "long civil rights movement" that extended beyond the 1950s-60s period typically focused on. It notes how the "master narrative" of the movement overlooks important local struggles and grassroots organizing, as well as the diversity of approaches within the Black freedom struggle. The document also provides historical context on how racial inequality and white supremacy were enshrined in the U.S. Constitution and how the Reconstruction amendments aimed to address this, though the end of Reconstruction saw a rollback of Black civil and political rights through disenfranchisement and Jim Crow laws.
The Bourbon Triumvirate dominated Georgia politics from 1872 to 1890. Led by Brown, Colquitt, and Gordon, they sought to strengthen economic ties with the North while maintaining white supremacy. Their successes included lowering taxes and reducing state war debts. However, they failed to improve conditions for the poor, and education and prisons suffered. Rebecca Latimer Felton opposed the Bourbon Triumvirate for not helping the poor and for supporting the convict lease system. Henry Grady promoted the New South ideal of industrialization through the Atlanta Constitution and the International Cotton Exposition.
- Southern black men cast ballots for the first time in 1867 in elections for state constitutional conventions. They made up 265 of the delegates across 10 southern states.
- The new state constitutions established public education systems and supported economic development, but failed to significantly improve lives of black citizens or enact protections against racial discrimination.
- Black political participation was opposed by violent white supremacist groups like the Ku Klux Klan and through acts of intimidation and violence aimed at removing black people from politics. This opposition, combined with fading northern commitment, led to the end of Reconstruction.
Chapter 14: Now That We Are Free: Reconstruction and the New South, 1863-1890suziehinman
This document provides an overview of Reconstruction and the New South from 1863 to 1890. It discusses key events and policies during Reconstruction like Lincoln's 10% Plan, the Radical Republican vision, the Black Codes, and the 14th and 15th Amendments. It also examines life for freed slaves during this period with topics like freedom of movement, education, and the rise of sharecropping. The document then outlines the end of Reconstruction in 1877 and the emergence of the New South economy and society, including Redeemer rule, the Lost Cause myth, and the rise of Jim Crow laws enforcing racial segregation.
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The document summarizes key events leading up to the American Civil War, including debates over slavery in new territories gained from Mexico, the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott decision, and the Lincoln-Douglas debates. Tensions increased as the North and South disagreed over the expansion of slavery. The Missouri Compromise was replaced by popular sovereignty under the Kansas-Nebraska Act, fueling conflict in Kansas between pro- and anti-slavery settlers. The Supreme Court's ruling in Dred Scott denied citizenship to African Americans and found that Congress could not regulate slavery. Lincoln and Douglas debated these issues during their 1858 Senate campaign, further dividing the nation along sectional lines.
This document summarizes the key events and developments in early American history from the War of 1812 through Westward Expansion. It covers topics like building national unity after the War of 1812, the Monroe Doctrine and its goals in Latin America, the extension of slavery into new western territories, the rise of political parties like the Whigs and Democrats, reforms like the 10-hour workday and growth of public schools, and the concept of Manifest Destiny driving Westward Expansion. The conclusion reflects on how these events allowed the United States to develop and extend its influence globally to become an advanced nation today.
Reconstruction took place from 1865-1877 to rebuild the shattered nation after the Civil War. There were competing visions of what freedom meant for the 4 million newly freed African Americans. Blacks sought equality, mobility, and land ownership, while many whites saw freedom as maintaining black subservience. The Freedmen's Bureau helped blacks, but Black Codes restricted their rights. Reconstruction had two phases - presidential Reconstruction saw former Confederates regain power while Radical Reconstruction extended rights via amendments, though they had limits and discrimination continued after Reconstruction ended.
Reconstruction took place from 1865-1877 to rebuild the shattered nation after the Civil War. There were competing visions of what freedom meant for the 4 million newly freed African Americans. Blacks sought equality, mobility, and land ownership, while many whites saw freedom as maintaining black subservience. The Freedmen's Bureau helped blacks, but Black Codes restricted their rights. Reconstruction had two phases - presidential Reconstruction saw former Confederates regain power while Radical Reconstruction expanded black rights through amendments banning slavery and guaranteeing citizenship and suffrage, though they did not ensure full equality. Reconstruction ultimately ended as northern support waned.
The Civil War left the South financially and physically devastated, with many deaths on both sides. Reconstruction efforts aimed to repair the nation by readmitting southern states, establishing the Freedmen's Bureau to aid freed slaves, and passing constitutional amendments abolishing slavery and guaranteeing rights to citizens regardless of race. However, the Reconstruction era was cut short in 1877 with the contested presidential election and removal of federal troops from the South. This allowed southern states to pass Jim Crow laws and disenfranchise black citizens, ignoring the aims of Reconstruction.
The End of Reconstruction and the Rise of Jim Crow LawsEricHurlburt1
The document summarizes the end of Reconstruction and the rise of Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States after the Civil War. It explains that after Reconstruction ended in 1877, without federal protection, African Americans lost many rights and freedoms. Southern states then began passing Jim Crow laws that legalized racial segregation and discrimination, denying African Americans equal access to public spaces, education, jobs, voting rights, and more. This led to the widespread oppression and disenfranchisement of African Americans under an entrenched system of racial segregation in the South for the next 70+ years.
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
4. The Populist Vision
by Charles Postel | Apr 17, 2009
Introduction: Modern Times Part One: Farmers 1. Push
and Energy: Boosterism and Rural Reform 2. Knowledge
and Power: Machinery of Modern Education 3. A Better
Woman: Independence of Thought and Action 4. A
Farmers' Trust: Cooperative Economies of Scale Part
Two: Populists 5. Business Politics: State Models and
Political Frameworks 6. Race Progress: Racial Ordering
of American Life 7. Confederation: Labor, Urban, and
Nonconformist Reform 8. Shrine of Science: Innovation
in Populist Faith Conclusion: Populist Defeat and Its
Meaning Sources
Beginning research with a book…
4
Check out the table of contents, the index, and references for search term
ideas
5. William Jennings Bryan
A good place to start in
Congressional:
commemorative remarks
ADDRESS BY JOSEPHUS
DANIELS, PRESIDENT OF
THE BRYAN MEMORIAL
ASSOCIATION, AT THE
UNVEILING OF THE BRYAN
STATUE IN WASHINGTON,
D.C., MAY 3, 1934
5
6. Women in the Populist Movement
Annie Diggs
6
Mary Elizabeth
Lease
7. Marion Butler Good places to start
in Congressional:
• Directories
• Congressional
Record remarks
7
8. Marion Cannon
Combine search with an
area of interest: Cannon
AND Chinese exclusion
Search Congressional
Record for Member
statements on topics
8
9. William Alfred Peffer Good place to start
in Congressional:
• Member profiles
with list of
sponsored bills
9
10. Farmers’ Alliance Witness affiliation search retrieves views of the
Colored National Farmers Alliances supporting the
Free Silver Movement
10
11. Thomas E. Watson
Congressional hearings:
• Differing views
• Inserted materials
11
Research:
Changes in Party affiliation
Changes in interests
Changes in racial attitudes
13. Populism and Race
• Search PQ platform
peer-reviewed full text
journals anywhere
except full text: U.S.
populism
• Search Congressional
anywhere: Middle
America And populist
13
14. Populism, Globalism, and Patriotism
• Search PQ
platform peer-
reviewed full
text journals
anywhere
except full text:
U.S. populism
• Search
Congressional
anywhere:
globalism AND
patriotism
14
15. Populism and Authoritarianism
• Search PQ
platform peer-
reviewed full
text journals
anywhere
except full text:
U.S. populism
• Search
Congressional
anywhere:
populism NEAR
authoritarianism
15
21. Populism in the 19th Century
• Nativist “Native American Association” secretly formed in
1837.
• Anti-foreign and anti-Catholic nativist sentiment (in NY
state and elsewhere)
• American Republican Party established in 1843
• Opposed voting and officeholding by immigrant Catholics
• Changed its name to the Native American Party in 1845
• Focus was on changes to the naturalization laws
• Violent Protestant and Catholic clashes in Philadelphia in
1844
• Groundswell of nativist sentiment led to many memorials
and petitions which spawned hearings on naturalization
laws and election fraud by new immigrants
21
22. Know Nothings / American Party
• Also known as the Native American Party/
American Party (after 1855)
• Previous Anti-Catholic and Anti-Immigrant
movement was revived after the election of 1852
• Active in the 1850s, but was all but gone by 1860
• Originated from secret societies arising in
reaction of the flood of Irish and other
immigrants
Major concerns:
1. extend naturalization period to 21 years
2. Elect only native born to all offices
3. Reject all foreign interference (including
Roman Catholic) in all institutions
22
23. Know Nothings / American Party
• Know Nothings were influential, but their
concerns were NOT legislatively successful.
• January 1850 Lewis Charles Levin (AP, Penn) gave notice of
motion to introduce a bill extending naturalization period to 21
years. It was listed in the notification of bills in February 1850,
but there is no evidence of it actually being introduced and the
effort went nowhere legislatively.
• A few days later, Levin submitted a 5 year old (1845) Memorial
from citizens of Pennsylvania on Naturalization that had
previously been referred to the Committee of the Judiciary
• This had been one of the reasons for the 1845 hearing on
Naturalization)
• In the naturalization bill that WAS introduced in that year, the
21 year residence requirement was NOT included
23
24. Know Nothings / American Party
• In the 34th Congress (1855-57),
they had 5 Senators and 43
Congressmen.
• Know Nothing coalition was pivotal
in choosing the Speaker (Nathanial
Banks, after 133 ballots for the
speakership), but had little influence
in crafting legislation
24
25. Know Nothings / American Party
25
• Resolutions of legislature of
Massachusetts on amendment of
naturalization laws, April 13, 1855
• Advocated to extending “the term of
residence” for those non-native born
for voting.
• Signed by Daniel C. Eddy, Speaker of
Mass House, Henry W. Benchley,
President of Mass Senate, and Henry J.
Gardner, Governor of Massachusetts
26. Know Nothings / American Party
• The American Party was opposed to the part of the
Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854 that allowed for alien
suffrage.
• Emerson Etheridge (Whig, TN), during the debates on the
1856 House Speakership, noted that opposition was not
unique to the American Party– for example, John
Singleton Millson (D Va) was also noted as opposing
aliens gaining the vote.
• However, the ideals of the American Party were hardly
universally shared.
• For example, the central Know-Nothing plank that no
foreign born or Roman Catholic should ever hold public
office was roundly criticized by Alexander Hamilton
Stephens—as unconstitutional.
• Religious tests, in particular, he noted are specifically
banned in the Constitution.
26
27. Know Nothings / American Party
• The anti-foreign crime bill was read and
only reported upon in the House
• On August 16, 1856, the House
Committee on Foreign Affairs issued a
report on “Foreign Criminals and
Paupers”.
• Main point of the committee
• this issue was centrally and constitutionally
important because the immigrant criminals
were out to “invade the sanctity and purity
of the ballot-box, and destroy the freedom
of the elective franchise”
27
28. Know Nothings / American Party
• This is a pivotal debate in Congress on Feb 24, 1857 and one
in which perfectly illustrates the regionalism of the issue and
indicates one reason why naturalization period wasn’t
expanded to 21 years of residence
• Senator Stephen Adams (D, Miss) on the discussion of the
entry of Minnesota into the Union used the following
torturous logic to advocate for State jurisdiction of the issue:
• States have the right to authorize aliens to vote
• Since Congress won’t address issues contained in the foreign
pauper and criminals bill on a Federal level…
• The States should have the right to authorize who is permitted to
reside in that state.
• After the Committee report, this issue is never brought up
again…
28
29. Know Nothings / American Party
• Why did Know Nothingism fail legislatively, while being quite
electorally popular and inform later post-Civil War movements?
29
30. Granger movement of the 1870s
• At first a self-improvement group for
farmers in 1867, it expanded and
focused on railroads –mainly on the
state level in Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa
and Minnesota.
• While many of these state laws were
poorly worded and eventually turned
over in the courts (so that the
Grangers rapidly faded in the 1880s),
they did set the stage for later national
railroad regulations.
30
31. Greenbackers
• Origins in the post-Civil War monetary problems
• During the war—widespread use of greenback
currency that led to inflation that was good for
debtor groups such as laborers and farmers.
• After war, govt went back to the gold standard and
many people protested this. After 1875 Congress
started back onto hard currency specie payments
(Specie Payment Resumption Act of 1875 18 Stat.
296) and this led to widespread protests from
Southern and Western Farmers
• 1876 Greenback Party nominated Peter Cooper for
president. Chief goal: repeal of resumption act and
reissue of paper currency
31
1874 hearing by the House Committee on Banking and
Currency on the problems related to retirement of
greenbacks (Treasury notes) issued during the Civil War
32. Greenbackers
• Investigation by a Select Committee Relative to the Causes
of the General Depression in Labor and Business, etc., 1879
• Hearings show the combination of traditional agrarian
populist concerns with issues important to labor
• James Connolly, (National Labor Greenback Party)
• Bond system was reason for depression—that it robbed from
the working classes. There were heated exchanges between
Connolly and the Chairman and other questioners. Clearly,
Connolly didn’t understand that if you continually increase
the supply of paper money, inflation results.
• William Carsey, (National Labor Greenback Party)
• Advocates passage of homestead bill: feels it would level the
playing field for the government to help transport people out
west, give seed and tool loans at low interest rates
• Sees reason for depression was a system set up for the
banking, landed, and railroad interests that has taken wealth
away from the people and concentrated it in the hands of the
few extremely wealthy.
32
33. Greenbackers
In 1880, the Greenbackers received
only 300k votes for James B. Weaver in
the presidential election. The plank
included:
• Graduated income tax
• Women’s suffrage
• Government Regulation of interstate
commerce
• The last Greenback candidate for
President was Benjamin F. Butler in
1884
33
34. Populist Party (People’s Party)
• 1892-1908: adopted much of the Greenback Party platform
• Ban on Foreign Land ownership, state control of railroads, critical of
banking and currency system, graduated income tax, and direct vote of US
Senators
• Recruited from the Farmers’ Alliances and was an agrarian movement.
• Farmers wanted cheaper credit and cheaper transportation costs
• Saw themselves as exploited by East Coast financial and industrial
concerns that controlled credit and transportation costs.
• Focus on RR nationalization and to cheapen credit by using silver as
well as gold for currency. It was to reform, not replace capitalism.
• Sought to combine the agricultural interests with the labor
interests…but failed.
• After Civil War, there was a massive drop in farm prices from increased
production and transportation revolution that allowed more global
competition, but it was blamed on
• High railroad charges
• High interest rates
• Profiteering by middlemen
• An international money conspiracy
34
35. Populist Party (People’s Party)
• 1891 People’s Party Convention at Omaha
• It was in the main a farmer’s platform written by Ignatius L.
Donnelly and included the following planks:
• Federal farm loan system
• Pensions for former Union soldiers
• Get rid of private banks
• Federal storage for Crops
• 8 hour workday
• Direct election of Senators
• Nationalization of Railroads
• However, the silverites argued that a return to the 16:1 ratio of
Silver to Gold would solve all the nation’s problems.
• 1892/96
• In 1892, Weaver (1880 Greenbacker candidate) was the People’s
Party candidate for President, garnering 1M votes and receiving 22
electoral votes
• In 1896, the largely agrarian Omaha platform was essentially
abandoned as Silverites came to dominate the movement (William
Jennings Bryan was backed both by the Democrats and Populists in
1896).
• In 1900 the party had split, but later many of their concerns
about private monopolies and agricultural distress were met by
Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson
35
44. Bernie Sanders
The most important economic
reality of our time is that over the
past 40 years there has been an
enormous transfer of wealth from
the middle class to the wealthiest
people in America.
44
Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress, 1774-1989, Bicentennial Edition https://congressional.proquest.com/congressional/docview/t49.d48.13849_s.doc.34
Political Economy of the Western Hemisphere: Selected Issues for U.S. Policy
CRDC-Id: CMP-1981-ECJ-0030
https://congressional.proquest.com/congressional/docview/t21.d22.cmp-1981-ecj-0030
Venezuela: Background and U.S. Relations
https://congressional.proquest.com/congressional/docview/t21.d22.crs-2014-fdt-0242?accountid=146914
Hearing Id: HRG-1845-SJS-0001
Title: Reports Made by the Honorable John MacPherson Berrien, with Testimony Relating to the Violation of the Naturalization Laws
Hearing Date: Jan. 21-25, 27 - Feb. 1, 3-8, 10-15, 17, 24, 27, 1845
Committee: Committee on the Judiciary. Senate.
28 S. 99 https://congressional.proquest.com/congressional/docview/t29.d30.hrg-1845-sjs-0001?accountid=131239
Hearing was issued as S. Rpt. 28-173. All testimony is in the form of deposition or summary. Hearings were held in New York City; Philadelphia, Pa.; Baltimore, Md.; and New Orleans, La.
In addition to the witnesses listed below, testimony was also heard from other interested individuals.
Broderick, Anne L. Images of the Irish in the New and Old World: Before and After the Great Famine, University of Missouri - Kansas City, Ann Arbor, 2002. ProQuest, https://search.proquest.com/docview/230753493?accountid=131239.
Salyer, Lucy E.. Under the Starry Flag : How a Ban of Irish Americans Joined the Fenian Revolt and Sparked a Crisis over Citizenship, Harvard University Press, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, https://search.proquest.com/legacydocview/EBC/5529448?accountid=131239.
https://congressional.proquest.com/congressional/docview/t47.d48.468_h.rp.87?accountid=131239
Petitions of citizens of Pennsylvania on naturalization
January 31, 1845; 468 H.rp.87. To accompany 28 H.R. No 575. The 21 year residence requirement did NOT become part of the naturalization bill in 1845
CG-1850-0123 January 23, 1850 https://congressional.proquest.com/congressional/docview/t19.d20.cg-1850-0123?accountid=131239
Record Id: CG-1850-0213
Document Type: Congressional Globe
Document Date: February 13, 1850
Congress-Session: 31- 1 (1850 )
Permalink: https://congressional.proquest.com/congressional/docview/t19.d20.cg-1850-0213?accountid=131239
Congressional Globe on Dec 21, 1855 between Jehu Glancy Jones of PA and Humphrey Marshall (American Party, KY)
Record Id: CG-1855-1218 Document Type: Congressional Globe Document Date: December 18, 1855 Congress-Session: 34- 1 (1855 )
Permalink: https://congressional.proquest.com/congressional/docview/t19.d20.cg-1855-1218?accountid=131239
Congressional Globe, January 5, 1856. By Emerson Etheridge (Whig, TN).
Serial Set Id: 870 H.rp.359
Descriptive Title: Foreign criminals and paupers
Document Title: Foreign criminals and paupers. (To accompany bill H.R.124.).
Document Date: August 16, 1856
https://congressional.proquest.com/congressional/docview/t47.d48.870_h.rp.359?accountid=131239
Title: 34 H.R. 124 (Reported in House)
Congress-Session: 34- 1
Date: August 16, 1856
https://congressional.proquest.com/congressional/docview/t01.d02.34_hr_124_rh_18560816?accountid=131239
Feb 24, 1857
Congressional Globe
Record Id: CG-1857-0224
Document Type: Congressional Globe Document Date: February 24, 1857 Congress-Session: 34- 3 (1857 )
Permalink: https://congressional.proquest.com/congressional/docview/t19.d20.cg-1857-0224?accountid=131239
Record Id: CG-1857-0224 Document Type: Congressional Globe Document Date: February 24, 1857 Congress-Session: 34- 3 (1857 ) https://congressional.proquest.com/congressional/docview/t19.d20.cg-1857-0224?accountid=131239
Hearing Id: HRG-1873-TRS-0001
Title: Report of the Select Committee on Transportation-Routes to the Seaboard, With Appendix and Evidence
Hearing Date: Sep. 11-13, 16, 18-19, 22, 26-27, Oct. 16-18, 22, 24, 27, 29-31, Dec. 24-27, 30-31, 1873; Jan. 19, 28, Feb. 10, 1874
Committee: Committee on Transportation Routes to the Seaboard, Select. Senate.
https://congressional.proquest.com/congressional/docview/t29.d30.hrg-1873-trs-0001?accountid=131239
Hearing Id: HRG-1874-BCU-0001
Title: Finance
Hearing Date: Jan. 13-17, 19-23, Feb. 2-4, 9, 11, 1874
Committee: Committee on Banking and Currency. House.
Contains testimony of financial experts on revision of national monetary policy, focusing on problems related to retirement of greenbacks (Treasury notes) issued during the Civil War.
Hearing Id: HRG-1878-DLB-0001
Title: Investigation by a Select Committee Relative to the Causes of the General Depression in Labor and Business, etc.
Hearing Date: Aug. 1-3, 5-6, 21-24, 26-28, Nov. 13, Dec. 11-13, 18-19, 1878; Jan. 16, 22, 1879
Committee: Committee on Depression in Labor and Business, Select. House.
Length: 675 pp. Permalink: https://congressional.proquest.com/congressional/docview/t29.d30.hrg-1878-dlb-0001?accountid=131239
Investigation by a Select Committee Relative to the Causes of the General Depression in Labor and Business, etc. Committee on Depression in Labor and Business, Select. House.
Aug. 1-3, 5-6, 21-24, 26-28, Nov. 13, Dec. 11-13, 18-19, 1878; Jan. 16, 22, 1879
https://congressional.proquest.com/congressional/docview/t29.d30.hrg-1878-dlb-0001?accountid=131239
Hearing Id: HRG-1891-CWE-0004
Title: Gold and Silver
Hearing Date: Jan. 28-30, 1891
Committee: Committee on Coinage, Weights, and Measures. House.
https://congressional.proquest.com/congressional/docview/t29.d30.hrg-1891-cwe-0004?accountid=131239
This hearing is from 2007 where she was a witness testifying about the difficult issues with medical debt.
https://congressional.proquest.com/congressional/docview/t29.d30.hrg-2007-hjh-0079?accountid=146910