The Value of Newspapers in Research: An Analysis of Citation Trends
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This SlideShare offers data and highlights from a August 2018 report conducted in partnership between ProQuest and the Oxford Internet Institute. Eric T. Meyer, currently the Dean of the School of Information at University of Texas, Austin,and formerly a Professor of Social Informatics and Director of Graduate Studies at Oxford Internet Institute, conducted the data collection and analysis. Four newspaper titles were selected for evaluation and analysis in this report: The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal,The Washington Post, and The Guardian. Scopus was used as the source for the data examined. The objective of this study was to better understand the importance of newspapers in scholarly articles and identify trends across newspaper titles and subject disciplines. This study examines the frequency of newspaper citations in scholarly journal articles and also reveals the disciplines in which scholars most often use newspapers as a source for academic research.
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The Value of Newspapers in Research: An Analysis of Citation Trends
- 1. The Value of Newspapers in Research August 2018 Newspapers Citations Analysis
- 2. In This Presentation 2 The Scholarly Impacts of Newspapers Study Overview Key Outcomes Comparative Charts In Summary
- 3. Eric T. Meyer is the Dean of the School of Information at University of Texas-Austin and formerly Professor of Social Informatics and Director of Graduate Studies at the University of Oxford. His research looks at the changing nature of knowledge creation in science, medicine, social science, arts, and humanities as technology is embedded in everyday practices. The Scholarly Impacts of Newspapers 3 • Data collection, analysis, and report conducted by Eric T. Meyer, Dean, School of Information, University of Texas-Austin • Data source: Scopus, analysed by the author • Full study: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3194632 • Summary Highlights brochure Objective: To better understand the importance of newspapers in scholarly articles and identify trends across newspaper titles and subject disciplines Scope: Evaluate and analyze citations of the following newspaper titles in scholarly journal articles that were published from 2000-2017:
- 4. The Scholarly Impacts of Newspapers: Key Outcomes 4 Source: “The Scholarly Impacts of Newspapers”, Eric T. Meyer, University of Oxford, 2018 1 2 3 4 The use of newspapers sources in research is growing For each of the newspapers analysed, uses spanned disciplines; from social sciences and arts & humanities to business, economics and finance, and psychology and health sciences Across academic disciplines, each newspaper also shows distinctive patterns and broader use than might be immediately guessed These newspaper titles have global reach. The location of the newspaper in relation to the institution of the author citing the title influences its use, however global usage is growing Newspapers are – and will continue to be – an important resource for academic authors now and into the future.
- 5. Outcome 1: The use of news sources in academic research is growing The Value of News in Research 5 Source: “The Scholarly Impacts of Newspapers”, Eric T. Meyer, University of Oxford, 2018 Note: 2017 excluded due to partial data still being updated at source showing misleading drop. Peak years for each source labelled with count of publications referencing source. 14320 6558 4700 3841 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 Publications Referencing Newspapers Total Publications Referencing Newspaper Sources by Year of Publication (1981-2016) New York Times, n=172409 The Guardian, n=51079 Wall Street Journal, n=63086 Washington Post, n=50613 Source of newspaper access not evaluated as part of this study The slight dip in recent years may be due to the introduction of paywalls It is important for libraries to provide their researchers with access to many news sources Data Source: Scopus Index
- 6. Outcome 2: Use spans disciplines. The Value of News in Research 6 Rank 1 Social Sciences 3,229,141 2 Arts & Humanities 1,660,377 3 Economics, Econometrics and Finance 691,481 4 Business, Management and Accounting 1,080,391 5 Psychology 872,023 Subject Area Total Publications in Scopus 182,386 79,287 30,882 42,988 14,341 Publications Citing Newspapers 5.7 4.8 4.5 4.0 1.6 % of Publications in Scopus Citing Newspapers Top 5 disciplines citing newspapers. 2000-2017
- 7. Outcome 2: Graphs show concentration of citations use across multiple disciplines Impacts of Newspapers across Academic Disciplines, 2000-2017 7 Business, Management and Accounting/Economics/Finance Computer Science Mathematics Energy/Environmental Science/Chemistry Arts & Humanities/Social Sciences Earth and Planetary Sciences Agricultural and Biological Sciences Medicine, Neuroscience, Biochemistry, Pharma Health Professions/Nursing Psychology Scopus data visualized with VosViewer, using overlay data as described in Leydesdorff, Moya-Anegón, and Guerrero-Bote (2015). Source: “The Scholarly Impacts of Newspapers”, Eric T. Meyer, University of Oxford, 2018
- 8. Outcome 3: Each newspaper shows distinctive use patterns and some unexpected results Impacts of Newspapers across Academic Disciplines, 2000-2017 8 Of note: strong coverage in Arts & Humanities, Social Sciences subject areas with focus on politics and policy Source: “The Scholarly Impacts of Newspapers”, Eric T. Meyer, University of Oxford, 2018 Of note: The New York Times is cited across all academic disciplines in Scopus. Of note: Cited across disciplines, with particularly strong coverage in Medicine and Health subject areas Of note: strong coverage in Business, Econometrics, Economy subject area
- 9. Outcome 3: Distinctive use patterns by newspaper title Top 20 Journals Citing Newspapers, 2000-2017 9 Publication Source N Pubs Total Max Times Cited Average Citations Per Pub Journal of Business Ethics Survival Washington Quarterly PLoS ONE Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 540 319 237 207 207 12,815 2,930 2,858 4,135 2,198 23.7 9.2 12.1 20.0 10.6 Third World Quarterly American Behavioral Scientist American Journal of Public Health First Monday Asian Survey 202 181 172 167 161 2,881 3,271 7,095 2,300 1,723 14.3 18.1 41.3 13.8 10.7 Management Service Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly Journalism Studies Health Affairs Diplomatic History 160 155 154 152 147 10,740 2,315 2,128 6,146 1,378 67.1 14.9 13.8 40.4 9.4 Journal of Contemporary China Eurasian Geography and Economics American Journalism Annals of the American Acad of Poli and Social Science New Media and Society 143 139 137 134 127 1,543 2,129 170 2,277 3,340 10.8 15.3 1.2 17.0 26.3 Sources with 100-126 publications Sources with 2-99 publications Sources with 1 publication 2,777 68,412 3,522 42,113 1,002,637 35,632 15.1 13.0 15.2 Total 78,552 1,154,754 13.6 Publication Source N Pubs Total Max Times Cited Average Citations Per Pub Journal of Business Ethics Management Science Business Horizons Survival Health Affairs 287 187 146 144 138 8,094 11,023 2,257 1,162 5,609 28.2 58.9 15.5 8.1 40.6 Washington Quarterly Accounting Review European Journal of Operational Research Journal of Marketing Contemporary Accounting Research 128 111 101 101 100 1,277 6,119 3,347 10,511 2,685 10.0 55.1 33.1 104.1 26.9 Journal of Contemporary China Cato Journal Marketing Science Journal of Accounting Research Accounting Horizons 94 89 83 81 78 1,099 409 3,413 4,381 3,925 11.7 4.6 41.1 54.1 50.3 Auditing Journal of Marketing Research Asian Survey Journal of Financial Economics Journal of Banking and Finance 76 76 76 76 74 3,439 6,922 716 5,713 1,436 45.3 91.1 9.4 75.2 19.4 Sources with 2-73 publications Sources with 1 publications 25,217 2,675 449,878 25,661 14.0 14.2 Total 30,138 559,076 14.2 Publication Source N Pubs Total Max Times Cited Average Citations Per Pub PLoS ONE Environment and Planning A Studies in Conflict and Terrorism Urban Studies Journal of Business Ethics 125 98 92 86 79 2,084 2,781 721 4,119 2,035 16.7 28.4 7.8 47.9 25.8 Critical Social Policy Middle East Quarterly Critical Studies on Terrorism Environment and Planning D: Society and Space Media, Culture and Society 70 68 67 66 62 1, 641 167 498 2, 798 873 23.4 2.5 7.4 42.4 14.1 Journalism Sociology Sociological Research Online Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers Journalism Studies 61 61 61 59 59 780 1,984 765 3,179 908 12.8 32.5 12.5 53.9 15.4 Oncogene International Journal of Human Rig Security Dialogue Review of International Studies British Journal of Criminology 58 58 57 55 55 3,242 196 1,474 1,267 1, 414 55.9 3.4 25.9 23.0 25.7 Sources with 2-54 publications Sources with 1 publications 23,738 3,149 276,055 27,596 11.3 13.3 Total 28,284 336,577 12.0 Publication Source N Pubs Total Max Times Cited Average Citations Per Pub Survival Washington Quarterly Studies in Conflict and Third World Quarterly American Behavioral Scientist 216 187 143 98 96 2,229 2,355 1,430 1,825 1,239 10.3 12.6 10.0 18.6 12.9 Middle East Quarterly Asian Survey International Security Security Studies Journal of Strategic Studies 85 84 84 80 79 183 1,050 4,142 1,370 730 2.2 12.5 49.3 17.1 9.2 Terrorism and Political Violence Journal of Contemporary China Nonproliferation Review Political Science Quarterly International J of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence 79 78 77 77 76 1,277 959 327 541 177 16.2 12.3 4.2 7.0 2.3 RUSI Journal Public Administration Review Middle East Policy Political Research Quarterly Middle East Journal 75 75 71 69 67 142 1,319 283 608 696 1.9 17.6 4.0 8.8 10.4 Sources with 2-66 publications Sources with 1 publications 18,092 2,411 252,298 24,849 13.8 15.0 Total 22,399 300,029 14.3 The average citations per article highlight the extended impact of newspapers in scholarly articles
- 10. Outcome 4: Global Use Increasing Researchers Across the Globe are Citing Newspapers 10 United States United Kingdom Canada Australia Germany South Africa Singapore Israel Hong Kong New Zealand China India Japan France ItalySpain Netherlands Switzerland Sweden Norway Denmark Belgium Poland Turkey Portugal Czech Republic Brazil Russia Federation TaiwanSaudi Arabia Country of author map representing newspapers citations use 2013-2017 High use: countries publish in relatively high volume Low use: lower than expected volume based on overall volume of publications *Countries in gray did not fall in High or Low Use categories, but citations use was present.
- 11. Key Takeaways The Value of News in Research 11 1 Academic scholars are using newspaper sources in their research and that use continues to grow 2 Scholarly journal articles citing newspapers span multiple academic disciplines 3 Geography influences use, however that is changing and global reach of the four titles is growing
- 12. In Summary The Value of News in Research 12 News resources are important to academic authors! Use in research is growing • By discipline • By geography Providing access to a variety of critical news sources is essential for your scholars publishing in these subject disciplines and journals ProQuest offers access to the most-requested key titles (from historical to today), providing content and context, breadth and depth all on one platform, all in one place with tools that enrich research. 1 2 3 4
- 13. Thank you for accessing this SlideShare presentation from ProQuest Read the summary highlights and download the study for the full details. Access our Summary Highlights Paper Read the Abstract and Full Study
Editor's Notes
- Building upon the 2016 Impacts of Digital Collections study (available here: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2740299) that showed the broad range of subject disciplines that citied The New York Times as a source, ProQuest commissioned Dr. Meyer to dive deeper and evaluate and analyze citations of the following newspapers for the years 2000-2017: The New York Times The Guardian (UK) The Wall Street Journal The Washington Post
- Key outcomes from the study: Exec summary from the study: “Newspapers are an important part of the academic publishing landscape, and their use is growing, both in absolute numbers and when measured by the proportion of academic publications that cite one of these well-known titles. The uses of each of the papers is much more diverse than just the humanities. As seen in the overlay maps in this report and the data on citations to these newspapers by subject area, there are some hot spots of academic activity that use newspapers more heavily, but also many other fields and disciplines that cite newspapers as a source. Each newspaper has distinctive patterns in these uses, as detailed in the body of the report. For instance, the New York Times has the broadest influence across academic disciplines, although each of the newspapers demonstrates broader uses than might be immediately guessed. The geography of the newspaper in relation to that of the institution where the author citing the newspaper is clearly important, but it isn’t absolutely determinative. The Guardian is cited much more heavily by authors at universities in the United Kingdom, and the New York Times is particularly heavily referenced by authors at universities in the American north-east. Also in relation to geography, we see usage (sometimes in significant numbers) from a variety of locations across the globe for all four titles. The overall picture that one can draw from these data is that newspapers are, and will continue to be, an important resource for academic authors now and into the future.”
- Key point: Researchers are using and citing news sources in academic publishing and that use continues to grow. Couple of noteworthy points: The method of how the newspaper content was accessed was not evaluated as part of this study. When normalized, all four titles show continued and upward growth of citations in scholarly articles Potential reason for slight decline in NYT, WSJ, WaPo could be due to introduction of newspaper paywalls. To ensure researchers have access to newspaper content for their research, it is important for libraries to offer more than one title and complete coverage of newspapers and newspaper sources
- Important to note: * Of all articles published in Scopus the subject discipline, X% cited one of the 4 news sources. For example, of all scholarly articles published in Social Sciences from 2000-2017, 5.7% cited one of the 4 newspaper titles!
- Each of the colors on the graph represent a specific subject area of scholarly journal articles and are clustered into how they cite each other and in relation to the subjects. All newspaper titles reach across multiple disciplines, where each color group represents a different subject discipline. We can see from this graph that all of the titles are cited in the Arts & Humanities and Social Sciences disciplines as represented by the salmon color in the lower left, as well as in Business & Economics as represented by the purple shading.
- This graphic shows how each of the newspapers show core strengths across different academic disciplines: The NYT: Truly the benchmark in that it is cited across most disciplines. Cited across all academic disciplines measured in Scopus with strong representation in Arts & Humanities, Social Sciences, and Health and Public Policy, but is very much multi disciplinary The Guardian – medical WSJ: Business, Economics, Finance Wash Post: Social sciences, international and national security, politics, international policy
- Article counts by publication, and Extended impact of an article through additional journal citations by other publications Speaker Notes: Call out subject specialties of the journals where each of the titles reside Summarize and Show types of disciplines that this title is cited in Highlight key journals across the 4 titles Key point: as one looks closely at the tables, you can see how much a journal article that citied the newspaper is cited. For example, Management Service has included references to The New York Times in 160 articles. Those articles have been cited almost 11,000 times, resulting in an average of 67.1 citations per publication that used The New York Times as one of its sources.
- For these 4 titles analyzed, newspaper reach is growing in academic research. In particular, the subject can be a major influencer in the newspaper being cited such as the case in Hong Kong and Singapore where the WSJ was ranked high use. For low use countries: citations of the 4 titles were present, but lower than expected. There is room for growth.
- Notes: To ensure researchers have access to newspaper content for their research, it is important for libraries to offer more than one title and complete coverage of newspapers and newspaper sources The benefit of ProQuest News Portfolio: We take the news content and make it useful to scholars and researchers by adding indexing and providing an experience across the platform that normalizes one access point, cross-search across multiple titles, multiple databases, context, political perspectives, points of view. Access one topic from many different sources, countries, time periods. With our platform, metadata, and researcher tools, we are able to enhance the news in ways that benefit the researchers. For researchers: Serendipitous discovery. Content and context, breadth and depth, all in one place, all on one platform It is unwieldy to do that in any seamless way for news on the web.