1. Analysis of Turbine Cycle
Performance, Operation
and Reliability Issues
Using Heat Balance
Techniques

2. 2

3. First Law of
Thermodynamics
Mass & Energy
Balances
Complete
Accounting
Closed Cycle &
Interrelationships
Components
Affect One
Another
Calculation of
Heat Inputs &
Electrical Outputs
3

4. Cycle Isolation
Operating Conditions
Process Data
Equipment Status
Plant Configuration
Load
Derating
Outages 4

5. Unit No.
1 (110
MW)
Fleet of
Coal-
Fired
Plants -
3 Units
5

6. 1. Develop
Design Heat
Balance
Model
2. Develop
As-Is Heat
Balance
Model
3. Validate
Plant
Instrumen-
tation
4. Validate
As-Is Heat
Balance
Model
5. Compare
FWH KPIs
6. Monitor
KPIs
7. KPI Alerts
6

7. Performance Test Data
Acceptance Test Data
Component Design Data
Thermal Kit - Turbine Generator
7

8. 8
1. Set Design Heat Balance Model to
Match Boundary Conditions
Throttle Pressure
Throttle Temperature
HRH Temperature
Condenser Pressure
2. Converge on Generator Output
Check Throttle Flow or FW
Flow & 1stg Pressure
Check CRH Pressure
3. Match HP, IP Turbine Efficiencies to
Plant Values
4. Adjust Model to Match FWH Outlet
Temps
5. Adjust Turbine Efficiency to Match
Generator Output & Turbine Cycle Heat
Rate

9. 9

10. 10
1. Gather Data at Full Load
2. Compare Instrument Data with Models
3. Match HP, IP Turbine Efficiencies to Plant Values
4. Use Following Order to Validate
1. Gross Output
2. Temperatures
3. Pressures
4. Flows
5. Look for Consistency
Fluid Properties
First Law

11. 11
Case 1 - Feedwater Flow
Gross Generation
Mismatch
First Stage Pressure
Mismatch
Case 2 - Gross Generation
Feedwater Flow
Mismatch
First Stage Pressure
Mismatch
Case 3 - First Stage Pressure
Feedwater Flow
Mismatch
Gross Generation
Mismatch

12. 12

13. 13

14. 14

15. 15

16. 16
1. Boiler Heat Input Limitation
– Capacity, Heat Rate
EPA CEMS 40 CFR Part 60
EPA CEMS 40 CFR Part 75
Real-Time Monitoring
Heat Balance Model
2. Overall Plant
3. KPIs
Boiler/Air Heater
Air Heater
HP FW Heaters
LP FW Heaters
Condenser
Cooling Tower

17. 17

18. 18

19. 19

20. 20

21. 21

22. 22

23. 23

24. 24

25. 25

26. Analysis/Diagnostics
Methodology
Heat Balance Techniques
Use of Physical Laws
26

27. Thank You!
Contact Information:
Power & Energy Systems Services
• Komandur Sunder Raj
• 201-638-4635
• Powerengy@aol.com
27