This document provides an overview of gas turbine technologies for electric power generation. It discusses the basic components and principles of operation for gas turbines, including compressors, combustors, and turbines. It also describes the different types of gas turbine plants, such as simple and combined cycle, and their typical applications. The principles of the Brayton cycle and energy transformations within the gas turbine are also summarized. The document outlines the major components and systems of gas turbines as well as common fuels used. Diagrams are included to illustrate gas turbine arrangements and sections.

1. Gas Turbine Technologies
for Electric Generation

2. 2
Gas Turbine Basics
 Gas Turbines
 Types
 How They Work
 Applications
 Components of Plant
 Flow Paths
 Operation

3. 3
Gas Turbine Applications
 Simple Cycle
 Combined Cycle
 Cogeneration

4. 4
Types of Gas Turbine Plants
 Simple Cycle
 Operate When Demand is High – Peak Demand
 Operate for Short / Variable Times
 Designed for Quick Start-Up
 Not designed to be Efficient but Reliable
 Not Cost Effective to Build for Efficiency
 Combined Cycle
 Operate for Peak and Economic Dispatch
 Designed for Quick Start-Up
 Designed to Efficient, Cost-Effective Operation
 Typically Has Ability to Operate in SC Mode

5. 5
 The energy contained in a flowing ideal gas
is the sum of enthalpy and kinetic energy.
 Pressurized gas can store or release energy.
As it expands the pressure is converted to
kinetic energy.
Principles of
Operation
 Open Cycle
Also referred to as simple cycle)
Link to picture

6. 6
Brayton Cycle – Gas Turbine Cycle

7. 7
Combustion or Gas Turbine

8. 8
Principles of Operation
Compressor
 As air flows into the compressor, energy is transferred from its
rotating blades to the air. Pressure and temperature of the air
increase.
 Most compressors operate in the range of 75% to 85% efficiency.
Combustor
 The purpose of the combustor is to increase the energy stored in
the compressor exhaust by raising its temperature.
Turbine
 The turbine acts like the compressor in reverse with respect to
energy transformation.
 Most turbines operate in the range of 80% to 90% efficiency.

9. 9
Principles of Operation
Overall Energy Transformations (Thermal Efficiency)
 Useful Work = Energy released in turbine minus energy absorbed by
compressor.
The compressor requires typically approximately 50% of the energy released by
the turbine.
 Overall Thermal Efficiency =
Useful Work/Fuel Chemical Energy *100
Typical overall thermal efficiencies of a combustion turbine are 20% - 40%.

10. 10
Gas Turbine Applications
 Simple Cycle
Link to picture

11. 11
Gas Turbine Components
Compressor – Combustor - Turbine

12. 12
Gas Turbine Components & Systems (cont’d)
 Combustion System
 Silo, Cannular, Annular
 Water, Steam, DLN
 Turbine
 Multiple Shaft, Single
Shaft
 Number of Stages
 Material and
Manufacturing
Processes
 Exhaust System
 Simple Cycle Stack
 Transition to HRSG
 Generator
 Open-Air cooled
 TEWAC
 Hydrogen Cooled
 Starting Systems
 Diesel
 Motor
 Static

13. 13
Combustion Turbine Fuels
 Conventional Fuels
 Natural Gas
 Liquid Fuel Oil
 Nonconventional Fuels
 Crude Oil
 Refinery Gas
 Propane
 Synthetic Fuels
 Chemical Process
 Physical Process

14. 14
Gas Turbine Major Sections
 Air Inlet
 Compressor
 Combustion System
 Turbine
 Exhaust
 Support Systems

15. 15
6B Gas Turbine

16. 16
Gas Turbine Combustor Arrangement

17. 17
GE LM2500 Aeroderivative Gas Turbine
Compressor
Compressor
Turbine
Section
Power
Turbine
Section

18. 18
FT4 Gas Turbine – Gas Generator (Compressor)

19. 19
Steam Turbine
GE D11