Research comprises defining and redefining problems, Formulating hypotheses, Collecting and evaluating data, making deductions, reaching conclusions, testing thus formulating solutions or theories Scientific research is systematic, Controlled, empirical, and critical investigation of propositions about the presumed relationship between variables

1. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3. Meaning of Research
• Research is an endeavor to discover answers to intellectual and
practical problems through the application of scientific method.
• Research is the systematic process of collecting and analyzing
information (data) in order to increase our understanding of the
phenomenon about which we are concerned or interested.

4. CliffordWoody Research comprises defining and
redefining problems, Formulating hypotheses, Collecting and
evaluating data, making deductions, reaching conclusions,
testing thus formulating solutions or theories
________________________________________________________
Kerlinger “ Scientific research is systematic,
Controlled, empirical and critical investigation of propositions
about presumed relationship between variables”

5. Characteristics of Research
SYSTEMATIC
• 2. PROBLEM BASED
• 3.GENERALIZING
• 4.CONTROL:

6. Characteristics of Research
• 5.VALIDITY
• 6.EMERICAL
• 7.CRITICAL

7. Characteristics of Research
• Research is directed towards the solution of a problem.
• Research demands accurate observation and description.
• Research involves gathering new data from primary sources or
using existing data for a new purpose.
• Research is objective and logical – applying every possible test to
validate the data collected and conclusions reached.
• Research is characterized by patient and unhurried activity.
• Research is carefully recorded and reported.

8. Objectives of Research
To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to
achieve new insights into it – Exploratory or
Formulative Research.
To portray accurately the characteristics of a
particular individual, situation or a group –
Descriptive Research.
To determine the frequency with which something
occurs or with which it is associated with something
else – Diagnostic Research. Doctor- Patients
To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship
between variables – Hypothesis-Testing Research.

9. CRITERIA OF A GOOD RESEARCH


 Research design







10. QUALITIES OF A GOOD RESEARCH
•
•
•
•
•
•

11. SCOPE / SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•