This document discusses research and entrepreneurship. It defines research as a systematic process used to obtain and confirm new knowledge. Key aspects of research include being systematic, seeking new reliable knowledge, and not consisting of accidental discoveries or just reviewing existing literature. The document also discusses classifying research as basic or applied. Basic research aims to establish fundamental facts while applied research seeks information to solve practical problems. The document then covers defining a research problem, including selecting a topic of interest and formulating objectives. It also discusses the process of research which includes analyzing, designing, and implementing a study. Entrepreneurship is defined as creating and growing businesses by recognizing opportunities. The document notes entrepreneurs see opportunities, assess their value,

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Prepared By:
K.R.THANKI
(BE Civil)
LECTURER CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
GOVERNMENT POLY TECHNIC ,
JUNAGADH,GUJARAT-INDIA.

2. Research
“Research is the systematic approach to
obtaining and confirming new and reliable
knowledge”
• Systematic and orderly (following a series
of steps)
• Purpose is new knowledge, which must
be reliable
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3. Research is not
Accidental discovery :
• Accidental discovery may occur in
structured research process
• Usually takes the form of a phenomenon
not previously noticed
• May lead to a structured research process
to verify or understand the observation
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4. Data Collection
• an intermediate step to gain reliable
knowledge
• collecting reliable data is part of the
research process
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Research is not

5. Searching out published research results in
libraries (or the internet)
• This is an important early step of
research
• The research process always includes
synthesis and analysis
• But, just reviewing of literature is not
research
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Research is not

6. Searching for explanation of events,
phenomena, relationships and causes
• What, how and why things occur
• Are there interactions?
A process
• Planned and managed – to make the
information generated credible
• The process is creative
• It is circular – always leads to more
questions
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Research is…..

7. • Before classification, we must first define
types of research
• Different criteria are used to classify
research types
(All of these are somewhat arbitrary and
artificial)
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Classification of Research

8. • Basic – to determine or establish
fundamental facts and relationships
within a discipline or field of study.
Develop theories … (examples in
economics?)
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Basic vs Applied Research

9. • Applied – undertaken specifically for the
purpose of obtaining information to help
resolve a particular problem
• The distinction between them is in the
application
• Basic has little application to real world
policy and management but could be
done to guide applied research
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Basic vs Applied Research

10. Why define the Research
Problem?
• Defining your destination before
beginning a journey.
It determines,
what you will do,
will it withstand scientific scrutiny,
how you will do it, and
what you may achieve!
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11. How is a research problem
selected?
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• Researchers interest in a topic
• National or agency priorities
• Urgency of an issue
• Availability of research funds
• Availability of supervision

12. Steps in defining research
problems
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• Identify a broad topic
• Identify a narrow topic within the broad
topic
• Raise questions
• Formulate objectives
• Use action-oriented words - To
demonstrate; To evaluate; To measure…

13. The Process of Research
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14. Identifying Broad Topics
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Think of the BIG PICTURE
• What is the problem you are trying to solve?
• Think of something you like to learn more
about
• Consult text books, journal or your supervisor
Pick one based on:
• Interest and relevance
• Magnitude of work involved
• Level of expertise
• yours and your advisors

15. Problem Tree – Keep asking
Why?
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Derived from the background literature,
what model will guide your hypotheses and
what hypotheses will you test?

16. Analyze
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Research is a creative process
• “…research includes far more than mere
logic … It includes insight, genius,
groping, pondering – ‘sense’ … The logic
we can teach; the art we cannot”
• There are different types of creativity,
characteristic of different situations –
“applied” and “theoretical” most closely
associate with economic research

17. Design
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What is the study design that will enable
testing your hypotheses?
Sample (power, population)
Intervention (Hi, Med, Lowimpact; nature)
Controls
Measures, etc.

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19. Simple Definitions
• Entrepreneurs…people who create and
grow enterprises
• Entrepreneurship…the process through
which entrepreneurs create and grow
enterprises.
• "a person who organizes, operates, and
assumes the risk for business ventures."
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20. What is Entrepreneurship?
Entrepreneurship is a dynamic form of social
and economic behavior in which people
respond to environmental signals about the
availability of opportunities and the resources
with which they can be exploited.
Rae and Carswell
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21. What is Entrepreneurship?
An entrepreneur is a person who sees
opportunity, sizes up its value, and finds
the resources to make the most of it.
Jim Nelson
University of Idaho
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22. Accepting challenges for growth
Entrepreneurship
OrganizationDecision Making
Skillful ManagementRisk taking
Making the enterprise success
Innovation/Improvement
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23. E
N
T
R
E
P
R
E
N
U
E
R
Innovation
Administrative Ability
Organization Skills
Intelligence
Creativity
Clear Objective
Sound Knowledge/Technical Knowledge
Emotional Stability
Public Relation
Effective Communication
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24. Characteristics of Entrepreneurs
Successful
Entrepreneurs
Key Personal
Attributes
Good Technical
Skills
Strong Managerial
Competencies
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conclusion
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30. K.R.THANKI
• (BE Civil)
THANK YOU………
FOR ANY OTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTECT ME TO
Email : thankikrunal@yahoo.co.in
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