The document discusses various components of railroad track systems including points and crossings, turnouts, and crossings. It describes the purpose and components of turnouts, including switches, stock rails, V crossings, check rails, lead rails, and locking systems. It also discusses different types of crossings according to angle (acute, obtuse, right angle) and according to diversion (spring, gathering lines, diamond, scissors). Additional components discussed include ash pits, which collect ash from steam engines, and turn tables, which are used to turn railroad engines. Diagrams are provided to illustrate many of the components.
2. Points and Crossings:
The arrangements by which different
routes, diverging from the first track,
are connected to faciliate the
diversion of trains from one track to
another track without any obstruction
are known as points and crossings.
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Points and Crossings:
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Turn out:
A complete set of points and crossings
provides for diverting the trains from a
main track to a branch track is known as
turn out.
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Turn out:
Right Hand Turn out:
Animated diagram of a right-hand railroad switch,
rail track A divides into two track B (the straight
track) and track C (the diverging track)
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Turn out:
Component parts and Functions :
1) A pair of Points (Switches):
A switch, turnout or [set of] points
is a mechanical installation enabling
railway trains to be guided from one
track to another.
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Turn out:
Component parts and Functions :
2) A pair of Stock rails:
Stock rails along with their respective
tongue rails from a pair of switches or
points.
Function of stock rails is to facilitate
smooth working of tongue rails.
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Turn out:
Component parts and Functions :
3) V Crossing:
The function of V crossing is to
provide gaps between the rails
tobe crossed so that wheel flanges
can pass through the gaps without
any obstruction.
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Turn out:
Component parts and Functions :
4) Two check rails:
Function of these rails is to check
the tendency of wheels to
climb over the crossing.
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Turn out:
Component parts and Functions :
5) Four lead rails:
Function of these rails is to Lead
the track from heel of
switches to the toe of
crossing.
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Turn out:
Component parts and Functions :
6) Switch tie plate:
Function of switch tie plate is to
maintain gauge distance at
front of switch.
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Turn out:
Component parts and Functions :
7) Stud(Stop):
A Bent plate which is jointed to
stock rail is called stop.
Function of stop is to maintain
the alignment.
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Turn out:
Component parts and Functions :
8) Side Chairs:
Function of Side chair is to
support the tongue rails
throughout their length.
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Turn out:
Component parts and Functions :
9) Stretcher bar:
Function of Stretcher bar is to
connects toes of both the
tongue rails so that each tongue
rail moves through same
distance.
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Turn out:
Component parts and Functions :
11) Locking System:
Function of Locking System is to
Maintain timing between
signal and tong rails.
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Crossings:
Acute angle
When angle of crossing rails
become acute angle then this
crossing is called Acute crossing
or V crossing or Frog.
According to Angle
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Crossings:
Right angle or Square
When angle of crossing rails
become Right angle then this
crossing is called Right angle
crossing or Square crossing.
According to Angle
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Crossings:
Spring Crossing:
In this crossing wing rail is strongly
connected to V part by
helical spring so that’s why this
crosssing is called spring crossing.
These crossings used in USA but not in
INDIA.
According to Diversion
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Crossings:
Diamond Crossing
When two tracks crosses each
other at less than 90 angle then
it forms diamond shape so it
is called Diamond Crossing
According to Diversion
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Ash pit:
Functions of Ash pit :
To collect ash which are
produced from steam engine.
Depth of ash pit varies from
0.76m to1.20m and constructed
from concrete.
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