This document outlines the key steps and terms involved in the research process. It discusses defining problems, formulating hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and using scientific methods to evaluate theories objectively. The goal of research is to solve problems, verify applications of theories, and gain new insights by proving or disproving ideas.

2. • Process
• Products
About inquiry
• Defining a problem
• Stating an objective
• Formulating a hypothesis
A process
• The result can be accessed to the public
Undertaking
structured
investigation

3. An activity which analyses and evaluates problems
To collect and analyze the data to prove theories
Evaluation, asking question, investigations, analysis,
confirming hypothesis, overview, gathering and
analyzing data using certain methods

4. Get a result using scientific methods objectively.
Solve problems, verivy the applications of theories,
and lead to new insights.
Enlighten researcher and readrers
Prove /disaprove new or exsisting ideas.

5. Terms in
research
Inquiry
Knowledge
Hypothesis
Analysis
InterpretationProblem
Theory
Analyzing
data
Solution

6. From the terms, research is
A process of formulating questions,
problems, or hypothesis; collecting data
relevant to problems; and analyzing the
data.

7. Research is
A systematic process of inquiry that
consists of three elements:
1. A question, problem, or hypothesis
2. Data
3. Analysis or interpretation of data

9. Psychologist
Political scientist
Sociologist

11. Theory Hypothesis Research Results

12. Research
process
• Number of researches approach in social
science
1.A social survey : asking the same question to
several persons
2.An observational research project : Watching
the behavior of the subject
3.An experiment with human subject :
controlling the effect of independent variable
to see what effect of dependent variable

13. Certain feature of the research
• The research must attempt to
show on variable is the
“cause” of another.

14. Research process is the method of design that
the researcher should follow
Conceive the research
• Theory tell us what to expect.
• The operational definition lead the researcher to make
hypothesis.
• Hypotheses is what the researcher examine.
• The researcher hypotheses can be true or not true by
the definition, so it is need revisions
• Method tell us how to go about our research.
• Pretest are useful to find out the result
• Instrument : interviews, questionnaires , videotape of
behavior and so on.
• Result show us what we have found

15. Theory
Hypotheses
Operational Definition
Revision
yes No
Method of Research
Pretest (s)
Instrument
Administration
Result
Hypotheses rejected
yes No
Future Research Suggestions
Writing Result (including reason for rejecting hypotheses
FLOW DIAGRAM FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH

16. STEPS IN THE RESEARCH PROCESS

17.  Reviewing the Literature
 Constructing operational Definition
 Identifying and labeling variable
 Manipulating controlling variables
 Constructing a research design
 Identifying and constructing devices for
observation and measurements
 Constructing a hypothesis
 Identifying your problems

18. Writing a Research Report
 Conducting Evaluation Studies
 Conducting Classroom Research
 Using the computer for data
analysis
 Carrying out statistical analyses
 Constructing a questionnaires and
interview schedule

19. Identifying your Problem
• The “what” and “why”
What the researchers are searching and why ?
• What is the research problem ?
- Problem or phenomenon
- Topic to investigate , address or study
- It is a challenge

20. * What is Hypothesis?
• Suggested solution
• No exact result
• Supported or refuted
through carefully crafted
experimentation and
observation
* “If” and “Then”
• If : gives a possibility
• Then : what may
happen because of
possibility
Hypothesis

21. • Focuses on research question(s)
• Identifying, appraise, selected and
synthesize
Reviewing the literature

22. • Clarify
• Find modals
• Narrow your topic
• Consider whether your
sources are current
What should I do before I write
literature review?

23. Variables :
Variables is any entity that can be
changed
Identifying and labeling variable

24. Types of variables
dependent, independent, moderator,
control and intervening
• Dependent : output or effect
• Independent : input or cause
• Moderator : the moderation occurs when
the relationship between two variables
depends on the third variables
• Control /known also as consonant : remain
the same
• Intervening : used to explain the relationship
between observed variables

25. CONSTRUCTING OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS
The process of converting variables from
an abstract or conceptual form to an
operational or concrete form

26. Manipulating and Controlling Variables
• Manipulating variable : it is the
item that is changed during the
experiment to obtain different
data
• Controlled Variable : is
always kept in the same condition

27. Constructing a Research Design
• It is the framework that has been
created to seek answers to research
question(s)

28. Test
Questionnaire
Identifying and Constructing Devices
for Observation and Measurement
InterviewFocus group

29. Constructing Questionnaire and
Interview Schedule
• Group of questions
• Close-ended questions
• Open-ended questions
• Combine of both

30. Interview
• Meeting with participants
• It include a minute question
• Participants’ trust
• Mange your time

31. Carrying Out Statistical Analyses
• The science of collecting, exploring and
presenting data
• Describes the nature of data

32. USING COMPUTER FOR DATA ANALYSIS
• The process of collecting your data via internet
and different websites
• Analysis your data in the form of typing
,drawing a diagram or tables

33. • Brief description of the research
• Involves several steps to present
the report in the form of thesis
or dissertation
Writing a Research Report

34. • Be objective
• Avoid technical language
• Use present tense and active voice
• Treat the data confidently
• Revise and rewrite
• Use visual aids
• Layout must be appropriated
• Avoid grammatical mistakes
• Report must present the logical analysis of
subject matter
• Be attractive in appearance, neat and clear
whether typing or printing
Guidelines

35. • Introduce yourself
• Minute paper can be used
• Be careful to the time
Conducting Classroom Interview

36. CONDUCTING EVALUATION STUDIES
• the process of judging the merit
or worth of something
• Let you discover whether and
how well objectives are being
fulfilled