Source: UiTM

1. 6/28/2015 1
• Descriptive
– the researcher attempts to document what is
actually occurring
– may be either qualitative (descriptions in words) or
quantitative (descriptions in numbers)
• Quantitative descriptive research = survey research
– The researcher has no control over the phenomena
of study, but simply records what is observed or
reported.

2. 6/28/2015 2
Correlational
• Correlational (Quantitative)
– the research relates the level of one variable to a
corresponding level of another variable in an
attempt to discover any relationships between them
– Purpose is to predict the level of one variable by
knowing the level of a second variable
– The researcher has only moderate, if any, control
over the variables in this type of study
– Most often used study in educational psychology
as well as in many areas of the social and
behavioral sciences

3. 6/28/2015 3
• Experimental ( Quantitative)
– the researcher randomly assigns subjects to at least two
groups (experimental and control)
– In the experimental group, the researcher manipulates
the level of one (independent) variable and observes
the corresponding change, if any, in the level of
another (dependent) variable.
– Purpose is to determine if there is a causal relationship
between the two variables.
• Quasi Experimental
– non randomly assignment of subject to at least two
groups (experimental and control)

4. 6/28/2015 4
Causal comparative
• Causal comparative / ex post facto
– Explores relationship among variables that cannot
meet the true experimental research.
– Usually the independent variable cannot be
manipulated / has already occurred
• Age, gender, smoking
– At least two different groups are compared on some dependent variable
• Math achievement of non smoker VS Math achievement of smoker

5. 6/28/2015 5
Cause – effect
relationship
Past
event?
Independent
variable
manipulated?
Relationship?
Prediction?
Historical
research
Experimental
research
Causal
comparative
research
Correlational
research
Descriptive
research
Y
Both
numerical
And
narrative
N Y
N
Y
N
Y N

6. Quantitative Designs&Uses
6/28/2015 6
Experimental
Research
Correlational
Research
Survey
Research
Explaining whether an
intervention influences
an outcome for one
group as opposed to
another group
Associating or
relating variables
in a predictable
pattern for one
group of individuals
Describing
trends for the
population of
people
Intervention Research Non-Intervention Research

7. Qualitative Designs and
Uses
6/28/2015 7
Ethnographic
Research
Grounded Theory Research
Narrative
Research
Exploring common
experiences of
individuals to
develop a theory

8. Combined Designs and Uses
6/28/2015 8
Mixed Method
Research
Action
Research
Combining quantitative and
qualitative data to best
understand and explain a
research problem.
Using quantitative and
qualitative data for
individuals to study problems
that they face in their setting

9. Characteristics of Quantitative and
Qualitative Research in the Process of
Research
6/28/2015 9
Analyze and Interpret Data
Report and Evaluate
Collecting Data
Specifying a Purpose
Reviewing the Literature
Identifying a Problem
Quantitative
Qualitative
Quantitative
Qualitative
Quantitative
Qualitative
Quantitative
Qualitative
Quantitative
Qualitative
Quantitative
Qualitative
•Experimental
•Correlational
•Survey
•Ethnography
•Grounded Theory
•Narrative
•Mixed Method
•Action Research