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RESEARCH MATHODOLOGY and VARIABLES
- 3. CONTENT o What is Dissertation and it’s Etymology o Research Mathodology o Mathodes VS Mathodology o Sources of Data o Major Approches in mathodology Qualitative Quantitative Mixed method Participatory o variables o types of variables
- 4. What is a Dissertation? oA long essay on a particular subject. oA dissertation or final year project.
- 5. Etymology ▪The word ‘dissertation’ was derived from the Latin word dissertātiō which means ‘discourse’ ▪Dialogue ▪Conversation ▪Discussion ▪Communication ▪Speech ▪Talk ▪dissertation
- 6. What is Research Methodology? oIt is a science of studying how research is to be carried out. oIn (2001), the author Thomas A Schwandt defines methodology as theory of how inquiry should proceed.
- 8. MATHODES “METHODES” are practical hands-on steps for doing research. Example. Using statistical software SPSS.
- 9. Methodology o Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study.
- 10. Research mathadology in a research. Abstract Introduction Literature Review Data & Methodology Analysis & Discussion Findings & Conclusion Recommendation References Annexure
- 11. Sources of Data • Primary1 • Secondary 2
- 12. Primary data Data observed or collected directly from first- hand experience. ▪Questionnaires ▪Interviews ▪Focus group interviews ▪Observation ▪Case-studies ▪Scientific experiments
- 13. Secondray data Data that has already been gathered by someone else. This is called secondary data. ▪Research reports ▪Government reports ▪Censuses ▪Weather reports ▪Internet ▪reference books
- 15. QUALITATIVE Qualitative data these are discriptive information which has no numrical values.
- 16. The main methods for collecting qualitative data. 1 • Individual interviews 2 • Focus groups 3 • Observations 4 • Action Research
- 17. Individual interviews Talking to someone one-on-one
- 18. Focus groups
- 19. Observation Observation is a systematic data collection approach. Researchers use all of their senses to examine people in natural settings or naturally occurring situations.
- 20. Action Research studies carried out in the course of an activity or occupation.
- 21. Quantitative Approach Quantitative data are measures of values or counts and are expressed as numbers.
- 22. Mixed methods research is more specific in that it includes the mixing of qualitative and quantitative data, methods Mixed methods research
- 23. participatory approach Do not respond to the needs or situation of people
- 24. VARIABLE ?
- 25. What is a variable (According to dictionary) Not consistent or liable to change. VARI+ABLE synonyms: changeable, changing, varying, shifting fluctuating, irregular, wavering, vacillating, inconstant, inconsistent, fluid, floating, unsteady, uneven,unstable,unsettled, movable,protean, chameleonic, unfixed,capricious,temperamental, fickle
- 26. IN Research Any observation that can take on different values
- 28. Indepandant variables Which do not relay on some thing Business Finance Leader Economy Risk Profit Rise Idea
- 29. Control variable or (or scientific constant) A variable that is held constant in order to assess or clarify the relationship between two other variables. Business Finance Leader Economy Risk Profit Rise Idea
- 30. Depandant variable Which deponds upon IV Business Finance Leader Economy Risk Profit Rise Idea
- 31. conclusion ▪Research methodology refers to the reasons for the way the research has been designed. ▪Methodology explains the research question and why the question is important. ▪the directions of the research ▪Methodology explains the literature the researcher is using, the language and terminology
- 32. conclusion It is important for the researcher to know not only the research methods necessary for the research under taken but also the methodology. (i) which is a suitable method for the chosen problem?, (ii) what is the order of accuracy of the result of a method?, (iii) what is the efficiency of the method.and so on. Consideration of these aspects constitute a research methodology
Editor's Notes
- http://www.bolton.ac.uk/bissto/Writing-a-Dissertation/Format.aspx
- http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/primary-data.html //www.bcps.org/offices/lis/researchcourse/develop_writing_data_primary.html
- http://www.iwh.on.ca/wrmb/primary-data-and-secondary-data
- Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/control-variable.html#ixzz47We96u87