A small ppt discussing repressed memories including case studies, the difference between repressed memories and false memories, as well as psychologist's theories regarding this matter.
I hope this information is helpful to those wondering about this subject.
Project Memory XL http://memoryxl.blogspot.it/
Presentation for the workshop on autobiographical method in Rome.
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission.
This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
Project Memory XL http://memoryxl.blogspot.it/
Presentation for the workshop on autobiographical method in Rome.
This project has been funded with support from the European Commission.
This publication reflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein.
This PowerPoint presentation addresses the nature of social communication technologies combined with relative anonymity of cyberspace, which create conditions for users to experience less behavioral inhibitions than in Real Life (RL) or Face-To-Face (f2f) interactions.
Memory : immediate memory, short term memory, long term memory
Autobiographical memory
Organic impairment of memory
Psychogenic amnesia
Organic amnesias
Other amnesias
Organic impairment of memory
Various disturbances of memory
Confabulation
Screen memory
Passive behaviors - Discounting (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrativ...Manu Melwin Joy
When I discount, I do so by making statement to myself in my own head. Thus a discount itself is not observable. Since you can’t thought read, you have no way of knowing I am discounting unless I speak or act in some way which indicates the presence of the discount. These behaviors are known as passive behaviors.
Neuropsychological rehabilitation focused on improving cognitive functions which further results in improving symptoms, functional ability which enhance overall quality of life.
What is Perception? what is the difference of Perception and Sensation? I hope that this Presentation will help... Credits: Professor Charmaine Maglangit
This PowerPoint presentation addresses the nature of social communication technologies combined with relative anonymity of cyberspace, which create conditions for users to experience less behavioral inhibitions than in Real Life (RL) or Face-To-Face (f2f) interactions.
Memory : immediate memory, short term memory, long term memory
Autobiographical memory
Organic impairment of memory
Psychogenic amnesia
Organic amnesias
Other amnesias
Organic impairment of memory
Various disturbances of memory
Confabulation
Screen memory
Passive behaviors - Discounting (Transactional analysis / TA is an integrativ...Manu Melwin Joy
When I discount, I do so by making statement to myself in my own head. Thus a discount itself is not observable. Since you can’t thought read, you have no way of knowing I am discounting unless I speak or act in some way which indicates the presence of the discount. These behaviors are known as passive behaviors.
Neuropsychological rehabilitation focused on improving cognitive functions which further results in improving symptoms, functional ability which enhance overall quality of life.
What is Perception? what is the difference of Perception and Sensation? I hope that this Presentation will help... Credits: Professor Charmaine Maglangit
Chapter 2 - psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud
Born 1856 – What was going on in the united states?
Franklin Pierce was president of the U.S.
The Civil War in the United States was still a few years away (1861).
A lot of people die in Kansas over slavery.
500 Mormons leave Iowa City, headed for Salt Lake City.
Early life
Born in Moravia in Czechoslovakia in 1856 to a Jewish family
Had a very loving and protective mother; stern and authoritarian father (20 years older than his mother).
His father was a widower. From his father’s first marriage he had two elder brothers, one of which had a son Sigmund’s age. So… Sigmund was born an uncle.
Freud and his family moved to Vienna when he was four years of age. He stayed there close to 80 years, moving only when the Nazi party took power in 1938.
Freud was the oldest of his five siblings and given preferential treatment.
He had dreams of becoming a general or lawyer, but because he was a Jew he couldn’t.
He began medical studies at the University of Vienna and graduated 8 yrs. later.
Professional life
He established a practice as a clinical neurologist in 1881.
Freud made notable contributions to research. Developing a method to of staining cells for microscopic study.
As a physician, he explored the anesthetic properties of cocaine.
In his private practice Freud focused on the study of neurosis (emotional disturbances.)
He released Interpretation of Dreams in 1900.
There was a group of doctors who worked in Vienna that would hang out and talk: Jung, Adler, Jones, Brill, Sandor.
Origins of psychoanalysis
On his return from France, Freud became influenced by a Viennese physician and friend, Joseph Breuer.
Psychoanalysis began with the case history of Joseph Breuer’s patient, Anna O.
Psychoanalysis - A treatment approach based on the observation that individuals are often unaware of many of the factors that determine their emotions and behavior. These unconscious factors may be the source of considerable distress and unhappiness, and other troubling personality traits.
Anna O. experienced what is now know as conversion disorder (called hysteria at the time)
Breuer used hypnosis and “talking method”
After talking about her father’s illness and death, Anna experienced catharsis (emotional release), and her symptoms were relieved.
She became very attached to Dr. Breuer causing problems with his wife… she offered him a phantom pregnancy as her last symptom.
Freud starts working more on his own…
Freud used the “talking method” to assist his patients in remembering past traumatic events first through hypnosis, but later abandoned this technique when he realized that not all patients could be hypnotized.
Unconscious processes (forces unaware to the person)
Resistance: force that prevents the patient from becoming aware of events and keeps them in the unconscious – not allowing painful memories into consciousness… no ill effects
Repression: blocking of a wish or desire (strong emotions evoked fr ...
The word “trauma” originated in the late 17th century from the Greek language. The literal translation is to “wound or damage.” The Greek word was specific to physical injury and has been used in medical terminology since.
SCHENIDER FIRST RANK SYMPTOMS
BY DR.WASIM
UNDER GUIDANCE OF
DR.SANJAY.JAIN.
EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF FRS
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITION
Schneider formulated what he considered to be pathognomic of first rank symptoms of schizophrenia (Schneider, 1959).
THANK YOU
CHAPTER 3A PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY FREUDS PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY.docxwalterl4
CHAPTER 3
A PSYCHODYNAMIC THEORY: FREUD'S PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY OF PERSONALITY QUESTIONS TO BE ADDRESSED IN THIS CHAPTER SIGMUND FREUD (1856–1939): A VIEW OF THE THEORIST FREUD'S VIEW OF THE PERSON The Mind as an Energy System The Individual in Society FREUD'S VIEW OF THE SCIENCE OF PERSONALITY FREUD'S PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY OF PERSONALITY Structure Levels of Consciousness and the Concept of the Unconscious Dreams The Motivated Unconscious Relevant Psychoanalytic Research Current Status of the Concept of the Unconscious The Psychoanalytic Unconscious and the Cognitive Unconscious Id, Ego, and Superego Process Life and Death Instincts The Dynamics of Functioning Anxiety, Mechanisms of Defense, and Contemporary Research on Defensive Processes Denial Projection Isolation, Reaction Formation, and Sublimation Repression Growth and Development The Development of the Instincts and Stages of Development Erikson's Psychosocial Stages of Development The Importance of Early Experience The Development of Thinking Processes MAJOR CONCEPTS REVIEW Chapter Focus The number-one player on the tennis team is getting ready to play for the state title. She has never met her opponent before, so she decides to introduce herself before the match. She strolls onto the court where her opponent is warming up and says. “Hi, I'm Amy. Glad to beat you.” You can imagine how embarrassed Amy was! Flustered, she corrected her innocent mistake and walked over to her side of the court to warm up. “Wow,” Amy thought, “where did that come from?” Was Amy's verbal slip so innocent? Freud wouldn't have thought so. In his view, Amy's silly mistake was actually a very revealing display of unconscious aggressive drives. Freud's psychoanalytic theory is illustrative of a psychodynamic and clinical approach to personality. Behavior is interpreted as a result of the dynamic interplay among motives, drives, needs, and conflicts. The research consists mainly of clinical investigations as shown in an emphasis on the individual, in the attention given to individual differences, and in attempts to assess and understand the total individual. Contemporary researchers, however, devote much attention to the challenge of studying psychodynamic processes in the experimental laboratory. QUESTIONS TO BE ADDRESSED IN THIS CHAPTER How did Freud develop his theory, and how did historical and personal events shape this development? What are the key features of Freud's theoretical model of the human mind? How do people protect themselves against experiences of anxiety, and in what ways (according to Freud) are these anxiety-reduction strategies a centerpiece of personality dynamics? How important is early childhood experience for later personality development? SIGMUND FREUD (1856–1939): A VIEW OF THE THEORIST Sigmund Freud was born in Moravia (in what is now the city of Fribor of the Czech Republic) in 1856. His family soon moved to Vienna, where he spent most of his life. Freud was the first child of his .
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3. Background
Cases of emotional trauma such as abuse and sexual assault started the
theory of memory repression, where the patient does not remember the
event properly, or at all.
Sigmund Freud was the first scientist to discuss repressed memory, after a
case of his inspired him to discuss emotional repression, trauma and how
they are related, but he later abandoned it because of lack of scientific
evidence.
4. Background
Some of the techniques used in recovering lost
memories were:
● Hypnosis: a therapeutic technique in which
clinicians make suggestions to individuals who
have undergone a procedure designed to relax
them and focus their minds.
● Guided imagery: a program of directed
thoughts and suggestions that guide your
imagination toward a relaxed, focused state.
● Automatic writing: a claimed psychic ability
allowing a person to produce written words
without consciously writing.
Non-believers:
Around the 1990’s renowned scientists and
psychologists started discovering that the
memories recovered were false and unreliable
after trying to match them up with real life
events, therefore discrediting the theory and
considering repressed memories a myth.
5. Definition
● Repressed memory can be defined as a blocked memory because of the
happenings of a traumatic event and it is compared to Dissociative Amnesia.
● Dissociative Amnesia: “inability to recall autobiographical information. This
amnesia may be localized (i.e., an event or period of time), selective (i.e., a
specific aspect of an event), or generalized (i.e., identity and life history).”
6. Case Studies
1. The case of “Claudia.” Recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse by her older brother, corroborated by documentary
evidence. Her case is notable for three reasons: first, it was written up in Science News; second, the memories came back in the
course of group therapy; and third, they were corroborated through powerful documentary physical evidence. As detailed by Bruce
Bower,
After losing more than 100 pounds in a hospital weight-reduction program she had entered to battle severe obesity,
Claudia experienced flashbacks of sexual abuse committed by her older brother. She joined a therapy group for incest
survivors, and memories of abuse flooded back. Claudia told group members that from the time she was 4 years old to her
brother’s enlistment in the Army three years later, he had regularly handcuffed her, burned her with cigarettes, and forced
her to submit to a variety of sexual acts.
Claudia’s brother had died in combat in Vietnam more than 15 years before her horrifying memories surfaced. Yet Claudia’s
parents had left his room and his belongings untouched since then. Returning home from the hospital, Claudia searched
the room. Inside a closet she found a large pornography collection, handcuffs, and a diary in which her brother had
extensively planned and recorded what he called sexual ‘experiments’ with his sister. (Bruce Bower, “Sudden recall: adult
memories of child abuse spark a heated debate.” Science News (September 18, 1993), Vol. 144 , No. 12: pp. 184-86.)
7. Case Studies
2.D’s recovered memory (in 1991) of sexual abuse by her father, Stanley Huntingford, 20-34 years earlier. As summarized
by Justice Thackray, “Mr. Huntingford was convicted by a jury on six counts of what is now generally called sexual assault.
The charges were brought by three of his five children. Of the three, two had continuous memories of the abuse while the
third, D., recovered her memory 34 years after the first assault.” Her Majesty the Queen v. Stanley Charles Huntingford
(Supreme Court of British Columbia)(Vancouver Registry No. CC940539).
“The first woman [with continuous memory] said that her father regularly raped her, but stopped when she was 14 because
she screamed when he came into her bedroom. She said she told her mother about the incidents in 1981….The accused’s
wife, who testified for the defense, told the jury she never confronted her husband when the first daughter told her in 1981
about the abuse.” (Larry Still, “Father, 73, convicted of incest,” Vancouver Sun (February 4, 1995: A6).)
As Justice Thackray explained at sentencing, on March 28, 1995, “The Crown retained the services of Dr. John Yuille. Dr.
Yuille is a psychologist and a leading expert in retention and recovery of memory. He also has impressive credentials in the
area of sexual abuse. Dr. Yuille interviewed D. and prepared a report….Dr. Yuille therefore gave oral evidence in which he, in
my opinion, fairly set forth the opinions of the two opposing camps. Dr. Yuille did not in any way demean the opinion of Dr.
Loftus or the opinions of others with whom he parts company on the subject. Rather, he showed an objectivity that allowed
both the Crown and the defence to rely upon his evidence and recommend it to the jury.” Id.
8. Psychologists Theories
Sigmund Freud started developing his
psychological theories about the nature of
unconscious mental processes, which
inspired him to research about the
repression process of memories.
The concept of repressing traumatic
memories, as Freud saw it, was a
fundamental defensive process where the
mind forgets or places events, thoughts and
memories we cannot acknowledge or bear
elsewhere. He further suggested that if these
memories weren’t recalled, it could result in
physical or mental symptoms.
Later, however, Freud has disregarded his
works and beliefs on repressed memories.
In early 1980s, after Freud's
abandonment of his theories, Alice
Miller was the one to revive it,
followed by thousands of the
therapists who were continuously
trying to resurrect repressed
memories properly.
9. Repressed Vs False Memory
Repressed Memories False Memories
Memories that have been unconsciously blocked due to
the memory being associated with a high level of stress or
trauma. The theory postulates that even though the
individual cannot recall the memory, it may still be
affecting them consciously, and that these memories can
emerge later into the consciousness. Ideas on repressed
memory hiding trauma from awareness were an important
part of Sigmund Freud's early work on psychoanalysis.
He later took a different view.
The psychological phenomenon where a person recalls
something that did not happen. False memory is often
considered in legal cases regarding childhood sexual
abuse.This phenomenon was initially investigated by
psychological pioneers Pierre Janet and Sigmund Freud.
Freud wrote The Aetiology of Hysteria, where he
discussed repressed memories of childhood sexual
trauma in their relation to hysteria.
10. References
[1] Guided Imagery - Topic Overview. (n.d.). Retrieved, from https://www.webmd.com/balance/stress-management/tc/guided-imagery-
topic-overvie
[2] American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/topics/hypnosis/
[3] Automatic Writing. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.dictionary.com/browse/automatic-writing
[4] Recovered Memory Therapy (RMT). (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.religioustolerance.org/rmt_intro.htm
[5] Repressed Memories. (n.d.). Retrieved, from http://www.guidetopsychology.com/repressn.htm
[6] Newman, L. (2017, October 10). Do trauma victims really repress memories and can therapy induce false memories? Retrieved from
http://theconversation.com/do-trauma-victims-really-repress-memories-and-can-therapy-induce-false-memories-84998
[7] Dennis S. Bull, “A Verified Case of Recovered Memories of Sexual Abuse,” American Journal of Psychotherapy, Vol. 53, No. 2,
Spring 1999, pp. 221-224.