This document compares and contrasts different forms of government including direct democracy, republican democracy, parliamentary democracy, proportional representation, monarchy, oligarchy, one-party state, military dictatorship, and authoritarianism. It provides definitions and examples for each type as well as noting accepted and rejected liberal principles for each. Overall it aims to categorize different governmental systems based on factors such as level of citizen participation, separation of powers, and adherence to principles of individual rights and rule of law.
The document defines key concepts related to government and civics. It discusses that government is the institution that makes and enforces public policy, and is comprised of people who exercise its powers. There are three basic powers of government: legislative, executive, and judicial. Several theories on the origins of the state are presented, including the force, evolutionary, divine right, and social contract theories. Democracy and dictatorship are contrasted, with democracy defined as rule by the people and dictatorship defined as rule by one person or small group. The purpose of the US government is also summarized from the Constitution.
Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central national government and several regional or state governments, each with their own set of powers. The US Constitution divides powers between the national and state governments in a dual system. Powers are either delegated to the national government, reserved for the states, or shared concurrently between both levels of government. The 10th Amendment reserves powers not given to the national government or denied to the states to the states or the people.
This document discusses the three main systems of government: unitary, confederal, and federal. It provides examples of each system and describes their basic structures. The unitary system has authority centralized in the national government, while the confederal system gives sovereign powers to independent states. The federal system divides authority between a central/federal government and state/regional governments through a written constitution. The US has a federal system with powers shared between the federal and 50 state governments.
Different Forms and Systems of Governmentisraeljumbo
This document outlines three ways that governments can be classified: 1) By the number of people exercising sovereign power, including monarchies, aristocracies, and democracies. 2) By the extent of power exercised by the central government, including unitary and federal systems. 3) By the relationship between the executive and legislative branches, including parliamentary and presidential systems.
The document defines and describes different forms of government including democracy, dictatorship, monarchy, oligarchy, theocracy, totalitarianism, and also the three branches of government - legislative, executive, and judicial. It provides concise definitions for each type of government and branch, outlining their basic structures and powers.
The document discusses key concepts related to the US Constitution including:
- The Constitution divides power between the national and state governments through federalism and separation of powers. It establishes three branches of government and checks and balances between them.
- The Constitution grants expressed, implied, and inherent powers to the national government while reserving other powers to the states. The supremacy clause establishes the Constitution as the highest law of the land.
- The Constitution outlines relations among the states through provisions like full faith and credit, extradition, and respect for privileges and immunities of state citizens. National power has expanded based on war powers, commerce power, and taxing power.
The document provides an overview of constitutions and how governments are designed. It discusses why constitutions matter, outlining that they establish the supreme law of the land and protect civil rights. The document then covers the basic principles of the US Constitution, including popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, and federalism. It also summarizes some of the important amendments to the US Constitution such as the Bill of Rights. The document concludes by contrasting federal and unitary systems of government.
The document provides an overview of legislative powers under the U.S. Constitution. It discusses how Congress is organized into two chambers, the House of Representatives and Senate. It outlines the express powers granted to Congress in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, including the power to tax, spend, regulate interstate commerce, and provide for the national defense. It also discusses the lawmaking process and how Congress uses its taxing and spending powers to influence policy.
The document defines key concepts related to government and civics. It discusses that government is the institution that makes and enforces public policy, and is comprised of people who exercise its powers. There are three basic powers of government: legislative, executive, and judicial. Several theories on the origins of the state are presented, including the force, evolutionary, divine right, and social contract theories. Democracy and dictatorship are contrasted, with democracy defined as rule by the people and dictatorship defined as rule by one person or small group. The purpose of the US government is also summarized from the Constitution.
Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central national government and several regional or state governments, each with their own set of powers. The US Constitution divides powers between the national and state governments in a dual system. Powers are either delegated to the national government, reserved for the states, or shared concurrently between both levels of government. The 10th Amendment reserves powers not given to the national government or denied to the states to the states or the people.
This document discusses the three main systems of government: unitary, confederal, and federal. It provides examples of each system and describes their basic structures. The unitary system has authority centralized in the national government, while the confederal system gives sovereign powers to independent states. The federal system divides authority between a central/federal government and state/regional governments through a written constitution. The US has a federal system with powers shared between the federal and 50 state governments.
Different Forms and Systems of Governmentisraeljumbo
This document outlines three ways that governments can be classified: 1) By the number of people exercising sovereign power, including monarchies, aristocracies, and democracies. 2) By the extent of power exercised by the central government, including unitary and federal systems. 3) By the relationship between the executive and legislative branches, including parliamentary and presidential systems.
The document defines and describes different forms of government including democracy, dictatorship, monarchy, oligarchy, theocracy, totalitarianism, and also the three branches of government - legislative, executive, and judicial. It provides concise definitions for each type of government and branch, outlining their basic structures and powers.
The document discusses key concepts related to the US Constitution including:
- The Constitution divides power between the national and state governments through federalism and separation of powers. It establishes three branches of government and checks and balances between them.
- The Constitution grants expressed, implied, and inherent powers to the national government while reserving other powers to the states. The supremacy clause establishes the Constitution as the highest law of the land.
- The Constitution outlines relations among the states through provisions like full faith and credit, extradition, and respect for privileges and immunities of state citizens. National power has expanded based on war powers, commerce power, and taxing power.
The document provides an overview of constitutions and how governments are designed. It discusses why constitutions matter, outlining that they establish the supreme law of the land and protect civil rights. The document then covers the basic principles of the US Constitution, including popular sovereignty, limited government, separation of powers, checks and balances, and federalism. It also summarizes some of the important amendments to the US Constitution such as the Bill of Rights. The document concludes by contrasting federal and unitary systems of government.
The document provides an overview of legislative powers under the U.S. Constitution. It discusses how Congress is organized into two chambers, the House of Representatives and Senate. It outlines the express powers granted to Congress in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, including the power to tax, spend, regulate interstate commerce, and provide for the national defense. It also discusses the lawmaking process and how Congress uses its taxing and spending powers to influence policy.
This document discusses the concept of federalism in U.S. Constitutional law across 22 pages. It begins by defining federalism as the division of power between national and state governments. It then outlines the goals of federalism, including showing how power is divided and how disputes are resolved. The document explores the sources of power for both the federal and state governments, including express powers, implied powers, and reserved powers. It also examines concurrent powers and how conflicts are resolved through the Supremacy Clause. The remainder of the document analyzes different types of preemption, including examples of cases where state laws have been found to be preempted by federal statutes.
This document discusses the division of power between the federal government and state governments under the principle of federalism established by the US Constitution. It outlines that certain powers are exclusive to the federal government, like coining money, others are reserved for state governments, like public education, and some powers are shared between both levels of government. The document also examines how new states are admitted to the union, the grants and aid provided between levels of government, and how states work cooperatively through interstate compacts while still respecting each other's laws, court rulings and residents' rights.
This document compares different forms of government around the world. It discusses monarchies, dictatorships, theocracies, single-party states, parliamentary democracies, and presidential democracies. For each system, it provides a definition and examples of modern countries that demonstrate that form of government. It notes that while most countries have some form of government, the main models that exist are rule by a single person, rule by an elite group, and rule by the broader population.
Congress has both expressed and implied powers according to the Constitution. Expressed powers are explicitly listed, while implied powers are reasonably deduced from expressed powers. There has been debate over whether to interpret Congressional powers strictly, limiting them to only those absolutely necessary, or more liberally. Over time, the national government's power has expanded beyond what even liberal interpreters envisioned through broad interpretations of implied powers like the Necessary and Proper Clause. Congress has the power to tax, borrow money, regulate commerce, declare war, and more according to the Constitution.
Government is made up of three main components: people in elected positions of power and authority, the legislative, executive, and judicial powers granted to government, and the policies and decisions made by government. A key function of government is to maintain order, ensure national security, resolve conflicts, provide services to citizens, and work for the public good. Most modern governments are organized as either unitary systems with centralized power or federal systems that divide power between national and regional levels.
U.S. Government -- Chapter 1 Section 1 "Government and the State"CarmichaelWCHS
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to government and political systems. It defines government as the institution that makes and enforces public policy. It also outlines the three basic powers of government - legislative, executive, and judicial. The document then discusses different forms of governance like democracy and dictatorship. It identifies the four characteristics of a state as population, territory, sovereignty, and government. It concludes by explaining that sovereignty means a state has supreme power within its own territory.
1. Federalism divides power between the national and state governments, with certain powers delegated to each.
2. The national government has expressed, implied, and inherent powers outlined in the Constitution, while states have reserved powers not granted to the national government.
3. Some powers, like taxation, are concurrent between the two levels, while others, like treaty-making, are exclusive to the national government.
The document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts related to business law. It discusses definitions of law from various scholars and thinkers. It notes that early laws arose from customs and traditions rather than formal rules. Key characteristics of law mentioned include being enforced by a sovereign authority, regulating external behaviors, having uniform application, and helping maintain peace and order in society. The document also outlines different types of law based on their source, including imperative, moral/natural, conventional, and customary laws.
There are three main types of governments based on who rules: autocracy, where one person holds power; oligarchy, where a small group holds power; and democracy, where citizens participate. There are also three systems of government based on how power is distributed - unitary systems have one central government; confederations give some power to independent member states; and federal systems share power between national and regional governments. Key examples are the UK as a constitutional monarchy with a unitary parliamentary system, and the US as a presidential democracy with a federal system.
The U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the United States that provides the framework for the U.S. government and defines its powers. It was drafted in 1787 in Philadelphia in response to weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation, including a weak federal government and lack of separation of powers. The Constitution established a representative democracy with three branches of government and a system of checks and balances to limit any one branch from becoming too powerful. It has been amended 27 times, including the first ten amendments known as the Bill of Rights.
The Virginia Plan proposed a new system of government with three branches and a bicameral national legislature, with representation based on population. It called for a House of Representatives to be elected by the people, and an upper Senate house. The plan also outlined an executive branch to enforce laws and a judicial branch to interpret them. The key figures behind the Virginia Plan were George Washington, James Madison, and Edmund Randolph.
The document outlines 5 principles of the US Constitution:
1) The people rule through a representative government where they can vote for elected officials. The Constitution acts as a contract between the government and citizens.
2) The government has limited powers and citizens have liberties protected by the Bill of Rights.
3) Power is divided between the federal and state governments in a system called federalism.
4) Separation of powers divides the national government into the legislative, executive, and judicial branches to prevent abuse of power.
5) Checks and balances allow each branch to limit the powers of the others through things like vetoes, judicial review, and impeachment.
The document provides an overview of different forms of government including republic, parliamentary, monarchy, theocracy, totalitarian, dictatorship, and oligarchy. It gives brief descriptions of each type and examples of countries that use each form. The summary focuses on the key information without opinions or evaluations.
The document discusses politics, government, and laws. It defines politics as the distribution of power and resources within a community. It also discusses how politics is practiced at different levels of society from tribes to nation-states. The document then describes the Philippine government system as a presidential representative democracy with executive, legislative, and judicial branches. It provides examples of different types of governments including monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy, and democracy. The document also defines international law and its components of public international law, conflict of laws, and laws of supranational organizations. In closing, it notes designations used for Philippine laws.
LAW012 (Introduction to Law 1) definition list. This is made especially for UiTM's Foundations in Law first semester students, but everyone is welcomed to download.
Covers these topics: what is law, law as rules, law and morality, law and justice, law and equality, law and freedom, theories of law, and also law and society (all topics in the syllabus).
The document discusses different systems of government and the concept of federalism. It explains that a federal system divides power between the national and lower level governments, with each level having distinct powers. Examples of federal systems include Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, India, Mexico, and the United States. The document also outlines arguments for and against federalism, and describes the evolution of federalism in the US over time.
There are 3 organs such as Executive, Legislative and Judiciary. If they play their role without any interpretation then it may call seperation of Power.
Montesquieu developed the theory of separation of powers which proposes that a government's power be divided into legislative, executive, and judicial branches. This prevents any one branch from holding absolute power. In his writings, Montesquieu argued the executive and legislative powers should be separate to protect liberty. Checks and balances allow each branch to limit the others' power. Bangladesh follows this model with Parliament (legislative), the Prime Minister and Cabinet (executive), and the Supreme Court (judicial). However, complete separation is difficult and some criticize that it can hinder efficient administration.
The Three Branches Of Government Power PointSolom1ej
The three branches of the US government are the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The legislative branch makes laws, the executive branch enforces laws, and the judicial branch interprets laws. This system of separation of powers was designed to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful and to help ensure a system of checks and balances.
This document provides a study guide for an exam on POLS 1101 that defines key political science concepts and outlines important events and documents in U.S. political history. It defines different forms of government (unitary, confederal, federal), principles like sovereignty, rights, and powers. It also summarizes major compromises and plans debated at the Constitutional Convention, the structure and powers granted to the three branches of government, and amendments that expanded civil rights.
The document defines key political terms like:
- Constitution: The organization of offices in a state that determines sovereign authority and the goals of the association. Laws are rules for how magistrates exercise power.
- Forms of government: Includes definitions of terms like anarchy, commonwealth, communism, confederacy, constitutional democracy, constitutional monarchy, democracy, dictatorship, federal republic, monarchy, oligarchy, parliamentary democracy, republic, socialism, sultanate, theocracy, and totalitarian.
This document discusses the concept of federalism in U.S. Constitutional law across 22 pages. It begins by defining federalism as the division of power between national and state governments. It then outlines the goals of federalism, including showing how power is divided and how disputes are resolved. The document explores the sources of power for both the federal and state governments, including express powers, implied powers, and reserved powers. It also examines concurrent powers and how conflicts are resolved through the Supremacy Clause. The remainder of the document analyzes different types of preemption, including examples of cases where state laws have been found to be preempted by federal statutes.
This document discusses the division of power between the federal government and state governments under the principle of federalism established by the US Constitution. It outlines that certain powers are exclusive to the federal government, like coining money, others are reserved for state governments, like public education, and some powers are shared between both levels of government. The document also examines how new states are admitted to the union, the grants and aid provided between levels of government, and how states work cooperatively through interstate compacts while still respecting each other's laws, court rulings and residents' rights.
This document compares different forms of government around the world. It discusses monarchies, dictatorships, theocracies, single-party states, parliamentary democracies, and presidential democracies. For each system, it provides a definition and examples of modern countries that demonstrate that form of government. It notes that while most countries have some form of government, the main models that exist are rule by a single person, rule by an elite group, and rule by the broader population.
Congress has both expressed and implied powers according to the Constitution. Expressed powers are explicitly listed, while implied powers are reasonably deduced from expressed powers. There has been debate over whether to interpret Congressional powers strictly, limiting them to only those absolutely necessary, or more liberally. Over time, the national government's power has expanded beyond what even liberal interpreters envisioned through broad interpretations of implied powers like the Necessary and Proper Clause. Congress has the power to tax, borrow money, regulate commerce, declare war, and more according to the Constitution.
Government is made up of three main components: people in elected positions of power and authority, the legislative, executive, and judicial powers granted to government, and the policies and decisions made by government. A key function of government is to maintain order, ensure national security, resolve conflicts, provide services to citizens, and work for the public good. Most modern governments are organized as either unitary systems with centralized power or federal systems that divide power between national and regional levels.
U.S. Government -- Chapter 1 Section 1 "Government and the State"CarmichaelWCHS
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to government and political systems. It defines government as the institution that makes and enforces public policy. It also outlines the three basic powers of government - legislative, executive, and judicial. The document then discusses different forms of governance like democracy and dictatorship. It identifies the four characteristics of a state as population, territory, sovereignty, and government. It concludes by explaining that sovereignty means a state has supreme power within its own territory.
1. Federalism divides power between the national and state governments, with certain powers delegated to each.
2. The national government has expressed, implied, and inherent powers outlined in the Constitution, while states have reserved powers not granted to the national government.
3. Some powers, like taxation, are concurrent between the two levels, while others, like treaty-making, are exclusive to the national government.
The document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts related to business law. It discusses definitions of law from various scholars and thinkers. It notes that early laws arose from customs and traditions rather than formal rules. Key characteristics of law mentioned include being enforced by a sovereign authority, regulating external behaviors, having uniform application, and helping maintain peace and order in society. The document also outlines different types of law based on their source, including imperative, moral/natural, conventional, and customary laws.
There are three main types of governments based on who rules: autocracy, where one person holds power; oligarchy, where a small group holds power; and democracy, where citizens participate. There are also three systems of government based on how power is distributed - unitary systems have one central government; confederations give some power to independent member states; and federal systems share power between national and regional governments. Key examples are the UK as a constitutional monarchy with a unitary parliamentary system, and the US as a presidential democracy with a federal system.
The U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the United States that provides the framework for the U.S. government and defines its powers. It was drafted in 1787 in Philadelphia in response to weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation, including a weak federal government and lack of separation of powers. The Constitution established a representative democracy with three branches of government and a system of checks and balances to limit any one branch from becoming too powerful. It has been amended 27 times, including the first ten amendments known as the Bill of Rights.
The Virginia Plan proposed a new system of government with three branches and a bicameral national legislature, with representation based on population. It called for a House of Representatives to be elected by the people, and an upper Senate house. The plan also outlined an executive branch to enforce laws and a judicial branch to interpret them. The key figures behind the Virginia Plan were George Washington, James Madison, and Edmund Randolph.
The document outlines 5 principles of the US Constitution:
1) The people rule through a representative government where they can vote for elected officials. The Constitution acts as a contract between the government and citizens.
2) The government has limited powers and citizens have liberties protected by the Bill of Rights.
3) Power is divided between the federal and state governments in a system called federalism.
4) Separation of powers divides the national government into the legislative, executive, and judicial branches to prevent abuse of power.
5) Checks and balances allow each branch to limit the powers of the others through things like vetoes, judicial review, and impeachment.
The document provides an overview of different forms of government including republic, parliamentary, monarchy, theocracy, totalitarian, dictatorship, and oligarchy. It gives brief descriptions of each type and examples of countries that use each form. The summary focuses on the key information without opinions or evaluations.
The document discusses politics, government, and laws. It defines politics as the distribution of power and resources within a community. It also discusses how politics is practiced at different levels of society from tribes to nation-states. The document then describes the Philippine government system as a presidential representative democracy with executive, legislative, and judicial branches. It provides examples of different types of governments including monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy, and democracy. The document also defines international law and its components of public international law, conflict of laws, and laws of supranational organizations. In closing, it notes designations used for Philippine laws.
LAW012 (Introduction to Law 1) definition list. This is made especially for UiTM's Foundations in Law first semester students, but everyone is welcomed to download.
Covers these topics: what is law, law as rules, law and morality, law and justice, law and equality, law and freedom, theories of law, and also law and society (all topics in the syllabus).
The document discusses different systems of government and the concept of federalism. It explains that a federal system divides power between the national and lower level governments, with each level having distinct powers. Examples of federal systems include Australia, Brazil, Canada, Germany, India, Mexico, and the United States. The document also outlines arguments for and against federalism, and describes the evolution of federalism in the US over time.
There are 3 organs such as Executive, Legislative and Judiciary. If they play their role without any interpretation then it may call seperation of Power.
Montesquieu developed the theory of separation of powers which proposes that a government's power be divided into legislative, executive, and judicial branches. This prevents any one branch from holding absolute power. In his writings, Montesquieu argued the executive and legislative powers should be separate to protect liberty. Checks and balances allow each branch to limit the others' power. Bangladesh follows this model with Parliament (legislative), the Prime Minister and Cabinet (executive), and the Supreme Court (judicial). However, complete separation is difficult and some criticize that it can hinder efficient administration.
The Three Branches Of Government Power PointSolom1ej
The three branches of the US government are the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The legislative branch makes laws, the executive branch enforces laws, and the judicial branch interprets laws. This system of separation of powers was designed to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful and to help ensure a system of checks and balances.
This document provides a study guide for an exam on POLS 1101 that defines key political science concepts and outlines important events and documents in U.S. political history. It defines different forms of government (unitary, confederal, federal), principles like sovereignty, rights, and powers. It also summarizes major compromises and plans debated at the Constitutional Convention, the structure and powers granted to the three branches of government, and amendments that expanded civil rights.
The document defines key political terms like:
- Constitution: The organization of offices in a state that determines sovereign authority and the goals of the association. Laws are rules for how magistrates exercise power.
- Forms of government: Includes definitions of terms like anarchy, commonwealth, communism, confederacy, constitutional democracy, constitutional monarchy, democracy, dictatorship, federal republic, monarchy, oligarchy, parliamentary democracy, republic, socialism, sultanate, theocracy, and totalitarian.
This document discusses political institutions and the different types of political authority and systems of government. It defines power, the state, and political institutions. It then examines the legitimacy of power and the three types of authority according to Max Weber: traditional, charismatic, and rational-legal. It also discusses coercion. The document goes on to describe different forms of government like democracy, monarchy, and authoritarian systems. Finally, it discusses some key aspects of the American political system such as political parties, interest groups, and political participation.
This document provides information on types and systems of government. It discusses the three main types of government: autocracy, oligarchy, and democracy. It then examines the three main systems of distributing power: unitary, confederation, and federal. Specific examples are provided for each type and system. Key aspects like citizen participation, distribution of power, and levels of government are compared.
There are three main types of governments: autocracy, oligarchy, and democracy. In an autocracy, one ruler holds unlimited power and citizens cannot participate in government. An oligarchy is ruled by a small group who hold power through means like wealth or military force, limiting citizen participation. By contrast, a democracy puts power in the hands of citizens through voting, allowing all citizens to participate in decision making and representation.
There are three main types of governments: autocracy, oligarchy, and democracy. In an autocracy, one ruler holds unlimited power and citizens cannot participate in government. An oligarchy is ruled by a small group of people and also limits citizen participation. By contrast, a democracy puts power in the hands of citizens through voting, allowing all citizens to be involved in decision making and representation.
The document discusses several principles of American government: limited government which limits a government's powers to protect individual rights; separation of powers which divides the government into executive, legislative, and judicial branches to prevent abuse; and federalism which shares powers between federal, state, and local governments to give citizens greater control over those that govern them closest. It also defines enumerated, concurrent, and reserved powers which determine which level of government has authority over specific functions.
AHSGE Social Studies Ch.3 The United States GovernmentTerron Brooks
The document summarizes key aspects of the origins and structure of the United States government. It discusses influential political philosophers like Locke, Rousseau, and Montesquieu and how they influenced the creation of the US system. It also outlines the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, the drafting of the Constitution at the Constitutional Convention, and the three branches of government established under the new framework.
1. A state is defined as a community of people occupying a defined territory with its own government that the people obey and are free from external control.
2. The key elements that define a state are its people, territory, government, and sovereignty over both internal and external affairs.
3. There are different theories about the origin of states, including the divine right theory, necessity theory, paternalistic theory, and social contract theory.
This document discusses different types of governments including unitary, confederate, federal, presidential, parliamentary, and dictatorship governments. It also discusses key aspects of democracy and the American system of government, noting that it draws from ideas during the Enlightenment period as well as the English political tradition while establishing a new federal republic with separation of powers.
This document discusses political regimes, power, and legitimacy. It defines a regime as the rules a state sets and follows in exerting power. There are different types of regimes including democracies, which base authority on the will of the people, and authoritarianism, where decisions are made by political elites without citizen input. Legitimacy can come from tradition, charismatic leaders, or rational-legal systems based on established laws. Political culture and ideologies also influence a regime's power structure and claims to legitimacy.
This document defines and classifies different forms of government. It discusses that while the state remains similar in essence, composition and objectives, governments differ in their organization, selection of rulers, and distribution of power and authority. The three primary functions of any government are the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Governments are generally classified based on who holds power - monarchy is rule by a single monarch, aristocracy is rule by the elite/nobility, democracy is rule by the people, while other forms include dictatorship, oligarchy and theocracy. Examples of each type are provided.
The document discusses the key functions and purposes of government which include preserving order, defending against external enemies, managing economic conditions, and providing collective or public goods. It then outlines the three branches of the Philippine government - the legislative, executive, and judicial branches - and their main roles and components. Finally, it defines and compares different forms of government such as democracy, monarchy, oligarchy, communist, and dictatorship. It also discusses the concepts of governance, accountability, effectiveness, and fairness in determining good governance.
AP GOV - Introduction to U.S. Government and PoliticsTaylor Phillips
The document summarizes key concepts about the US government and democracy. It outlines the purposes of government as maintaining national defense, providing public goods and services, preserving order, socializing citizens, and collecting taxes. It then discusses political participation, policymaking systems, and models of democracy like pluralism and elitism. Finally, it analyzes historic documents like the Declaration of Independence and Articles of Confederation that shaped America's founding political philosophy and early attempts at governance.
The document outlines the key articles, principles, and goals of the U.S. Constitution. It discusses the seven articles of the Constitution and the principles of popular sovereignty, limited government, federalism, separation of powers, checks and balances, republic, and individual rights. The goals of the Constitution as stated in the preamble are to form a more perfect union, establish justice, ensure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty.
The document discusses the concept of federalism in the US government. It describes how federalism is established in the US Constitution through the separation and sharing of powers between the federal and state governments. It outlines the major powers granted to each level of government, and how federalism has evolved over time from a stricter separation of powers to a more cooperative relationship between federal and state authorities. Both advantages and criticisms of federalism are presented.
The document discusses the doctrine of separation of powers and the role of media in a democratic government. It defines the separation of powers as allocating specific functions to distinct institutions like the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. It then describes the roles and composition of each branch according to the Kenyan constitution. The document also discusses how the media is crucial in a democracy by informing the public, challenging those in power, and allowing for open communication and accountability. Social media in particular has become an alternative information source and way to actively engage in debates.
Unit 1 notebook constitution studend handouts modifiedduvaltsau41
The document discusses some of the key philosophical influences on the founders' thinking about government such as Enlightenment ideas, the social contract theory of John Locke, and the separation of powers concept from Baron de Montesquieu. It also examines the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke about natural rights and how the government is meant to protect those rights. The document provides context about the historical foundations of the American political system through a discussion of these philosophical influences.
This document discusses different forms of government. It describes three main types - autocracy, oligarchy, and democracy - based on who rules and citizen participation. It also outlines three systems for distributing power - unitary, confederation, and federal. Unitary governments have all power centralized, while federal systems share power between central and regional authorities. The document provides examples like the UK and US to illustrate different combinations of type and system.
This document discusses different forms of government. It describes three main types - autocracy, oligarchy, and democracy - based on who rules and citizen participation. It also outlines three systems for distributing power - unitary, confederation, and federal. Unitary governments have all power centralized, while federal systems share power between central and regional authorities. The document provides examples like the UK and US to illustrate different combinations of type and system.
1. The document outlines the development of atomic models from Dalton's atomic theory in 1803 to the quantum model in 1924. It describes key contributors including Dalton, Thomson, Millikan, Rutherford, Bohr, de Broglie, Schrodinger, and Born and their major discoveries.
2. Major milestones included Dalton establishing atoms as the basic unit of matter, Thomson discovering the electron, Rutherford discovering the nucleus, Bohr explaining electron energy levels, and the development of the quantum model explaining wave-particle duality of electrons.
3. Each new model built upon the previous work and corrected limitations, moving science closer to a full understanding of atomic structure.
Poverty affects over 1.7 billion people worldwide and impacts many aspects of life, including health, education, and housing. It can lead to increased rates of violence, substance abuse, and disease. While some argue poverty cannot be solved, others believe that with global cooperation and attention brought to the issue, significant steps could be taken to reduce poverty rates.
Bernard is described as a smaller, less physically imposing man, but some like Lenina find him cute. He has sandy hair and a misfit appearance. Currently in the novel, Bernard seems to play a big role as the one man with a different perspective trying to win Lenina's love in a proper manner.
Helmholtz is described as an attractive and intelligent man with a stalky, confident body. He has power but does not know what to do with it.
Lenina is pictured as an attractive yet rebellious woman who outwardly conforms to societal expectations but longs to do her own thing. Her role is extraordinary as she has the power to greatly change society if
This document discusses Canada's role in Afghanistan and key questions around their efforts to help the country. It introduces the topics of insurgencies and the Taliban. The Taliban formed the government of Afghanistan in 1996 but were forced from power in 2001 by U.S. military operations. The document asks who the Taliban are and what Canada's role should be in Afghanistan.
Canada has six priorities for its mission in Afghanistan by 2011: (1) Strengthening security by training the ANA and ANP, (2) Improving basic services like education and economic growth, (3) Providing humanitarian aid, (4) Developing border security, (5) Advancing democratic governance, and (6) Facilitating reconciliation. Canada also supports three signature projects: repairing the Dahla Dam for water and jobs, expanding schools, and immunizing children from polio.
The UN was created in 1945 by 51 nations to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, and promote social progress. It now has 192 member states. The modern UN works on issues like promoting democracy, economic development, counter-terrorism, and more. The Secretary-General is Ban Ki-moon of South Korea. Key UN bodies include the General Assembly, Security Council, Economic and Social Council, and International Court of Justice. The General Assembly discusses global issues and passes resolutions, while the Security Council works to prevent conflicts and can authorize military action.
Under the Weimar Republic, Germany's economy struggled after foreign investors withdrew support, sending the country into trouble. Unemployment rose to over 3 million and nationalism increased as the people blamed outsiders. In the 1930s, the Nazi party gained popularity by promising to restore Germany's power and prosperity. After Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor in 1933, the Nazi party became the sole party and Hitler consolidated power. The German people supported these moves as they wanted a strong leader to improve their situation and make Germany powerful again through military and territorial expansion in the late 1930s.
Under the Weimar Republic, Germany's economy struggled after foreign investors withdrew support, sending the country into trouble. Unemployment rose to over 3 million and nationalism increased as the people blamed outsiders. In the 1930s, the Nazi party gained popularity by promising to restore Germany's power and prosperity. After Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor in 1933, the Nazi party became the sole party and Hitler consolidated power. The German people supported these moves as they wanted a strong leader to improve their situation and make Germany powerful again through military and territorial expansion in the late 1930s.
The document discusses several causes of the American Revolution according to various sources:
1) Disagreement between Great Britain and the colonies over how the colonies were treated and governed. The colonies wanted the rights of Englishmen.
2) The French and Indian War plunged Great Britain into debt, forcing them to tax the colonies which angered the colonists.
3) The Intolerable Acts imposed strict laws on the colonies and closed Boston harbor, further antagonizing the colonists and pushing them towards revolution.
4) The Boston Massacre, where British soldiers fired into a crowd and killed colonists, increased tensions and violence between Britain and the colonies.
5) The Proclamation of 1763 prohibited colonists
Here is Gabe Whitley's response to my defamation lawsuit for him calling me a rapist and perjurer in court documents.
You have to read it to believe it, but after you read it, you won't believe it. And I included eight examples of defamatory statements/
Youngest c m in India- Pema Khandu BiographyVoterMood
Pema Khandu, born on August 21, 1979, is an Indian politician and the Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh. He is the son of former Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh, Dorjee Khandu. Pema Khandu assumed office as the Chief Minister in July 2016, making him one of the youngest Chief Ministers in India at that time.
Essential Tools for Modern PR Business .pptxPragencyuk
Discover the essential tools and strategies for modern PR business success. Learn how to craft compelling news releases, leverage press release sites and news wires, stay updated with PR news, and integrate effective PR practices to enhance your brand's visibility and credibility. Elevate your PR efforts with our comprehensive guide.
13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
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1. Samantha Lesyk Humanities 30-1
May 6, 2012
Representation vs. Authority
Type of About Liberal Current Metaphor
Government Principles Example(s)
Direct - Operates on the belief that Accepted: - Switzerland Direct democracy is
Democracy every citizen’s voice is - Individual First Nations having
important and necessary for rights and pow wows about
the orderly and efficient freedoms situations or
operation of society - Rule of law events.
- Three important instruments
of direct democracy are Rejected:
initiatives, referendums or - Self-interest
plebiscites, and recalls
- Initiatives, in the US, can be
used for citizens to create
legislation. They begin with
the forming of a petition by a
group of citizens and if the
petition is signed by a certain
amount of people, it can force
a public vote on an issue
- Referendums or plebiscites,
is when all citizens must vote
on whether to accept or reject
a proposed piece of legislation
- Recall elections are when a
majority of voters may choose
to remove an elected official
or government in power,
which is usually initiated
through petition
- Every citizen votes directly in
all decisions; only practical
with small population
Republican - A republic is a country where Accepted: - France Republican
Democracy the people are sovereign and - Rule of law - United States democracy is
there is no king or queen - Individual of America Godzilla and King
- Has three branches of rights and Kong fighting over
government; legislative, freedoms dominant power.
executive, and judicial - Economic
- To ensure the government Freedom
adheres to liberal principles, - Self-interest
they use a system of checks
Rejected:
and balances to make sure
2. Samantha Lesyk Humanities 30-1
May 6, 2012
that no one branch of the - Competition
government becomes too
powerful
- This system was established
based on the beliefs that
checks and balances would
keep the government too
weak to override the will of
the people, and that the least
intrusive government provides
more freedom to its citizens
- There are two chambers of
the US Congress; the House of
representatives and the
Senate
- New laws must be passed by
both House of Representatives
and senate, then be approved
by president
- The president can veto the
bill and ultimately choose not
to sign a bill, in which case the
bill would be sent back to the
house of Congress where it
originated, so it may be
revised
- Presidential veto may be
defeated by ⅔ majority vote in
both Houses of Congress
- The people go to the polls
and vote for the presidential
candidate of their choice by
voting for electors pledged to
body known as the Electoral
College
- The framers of the US
Constitution were somewhat
suspicious of the will of the
people and did not want the
people to directly elect the
president
- Established a process
whereby each state and the
District of Columbia select
electors equal in number to
their Congressional
3. Samantha Lesyk Humanities 30-1
May 6, 2012
representation, and the
electors actually elect the
president
- Essentially has a two-party
system, which has the
advantage of stability, but the
disadvantage that it is virtually
impossible to challenge the
established parties to consider
minority opinions
- Legislative branch=Congress
(House of Representatives and
Senate)
- Number of representatives
reflects state populations (435
total; 2 year term
- Every state has 2 senators
(100 total); 6 year terms (1/3
are elected every 2 years
- Executive branch (all
appointed by the president):
president (every 4 year terms,
max 2 terms) (head of state
and commander and chief in
military), vice president,
secretary of state, cabinet
- Judicial branch: courts and
judges
- Appointed cabinet
Parliamentary - Also known as responsible Accepted: - United Parliamentary
Democracy government - Individual Kingdom democracy is a pig
- A branch of government that rights and - Canada race with 10 pigs
proposes laws, the executive freedoms racing for the finish
branch of government, is - Rule of law line. Some are
dependent on the direct or - Competition slower or less liked,
indirect support of elected while others are
members of the legislative Rejected: the power pigs that
branch - Self-interest dominate the
competition.
- Responsible government is
about the accountability
- If suspected of not carrying
out the will of the people, a
motion of non-confidence may
be proposed in the House of
Commons, in which a vote is
4. Samantha Lesyk Humanities 30-1
May 6, 2012
held to decide whether the
government must immediately
resign or submit to a new
general election or not
- Operates on the basis of
representation by population,
in which a single
representative is elected from
divided electoral districts of
about 100 000 people
- Like most government
systems, Canada has a
bicameral legislature to
provide two different
legislative bodies, each based
on a different form of
representation
- Senators are not elected;
prime minister appoints new
senators
- Any piece of legislation
passed by the House of
Commons must also be passed
by the Senate before it can
become law
- Usually, the Senate simply
recommends alterations
rather than rejects the bill
- Government led by party
with most representatives and
the leader of the party
becomes head of the
government
- Elected executive branch
needs support of elected
legislative branch
- MP’s represent electorate
- Governor general is a
member of executive and
legislative branches -
represents Monarch
- Legislative branch (house of
commons and senators) create
laws
- Election= “first past-the-post”
(single member constituency)
5. Samantha Lesyk Humanities 30-1
May 6, 2012
- Senators represent regions,
not population -- also
legislative branch
- Judicial branch administers
(interprets and enforces) law -
courts and judges
- Electoral parliament; appoint
senate
Proportional - This system of government Accepted: - Venezuela Proportional
Representation has the citizens voting directly - Individual - South Africa representation is
for a party, not candidate, and rights and - Israel when you can’t
then representatives are freedoms - Austria choose between
assigned based on the amount - Rule of law - Finland two chocolate bars,
of popular support obtained - Competition so you end up
(percentage of vote) getting a little bit of
- Encourages and legitimizes Rejected: both.
participation by minority or - Self-interest
marginal parties who would
not obtain representation in
the systems used in Canada or
the US
- Is argued this system more
directly reflects the popular
vote and therefore better
reflects the will of the people
- Smaller parties are more
successful
- Often results in minority
governments that require
coalitions between parties
- The will of the people is
expressed in the selection of
representatives to the
government during elections
- Periodic elections are held to
ensure that those elected
remain true to the will of the
people
- The presence of multiple
parties representing various
perspectives allows them the
ability to watch one another
with a critical eye, the
separation of powers among
different branches of
6. Samantha Lesyk Humanities 30-1
May 6, 2012
government, and independent
media, an independent
judiciary, and the rule of law
- Entrenches the basic rights
and freedoms of citizens and
prevent abuse by those who
wield power
- Elected representatives make
decisions on behalf of
electorate
Monarchy - Government power is held by Accepted: - Saudi Arabia Monarchy is God
a monarch (king, emperor, - Self-interest holding power over
sheik, tsar, etc.) and passes all the people.
according to bloodiness Rejected:
(sometimes monarchs are - Individual
elected too) rights and
- Monarch has total authority freedoms
over government and civil - Rule of law
matters - Economic
freedom
- Leadership is passed along
- Private
blood lines/through
property
generations
Oligarchy - A form of government in Accepted: - Russian Oligarchy is the
which political power rests - Self-interest Federation cool kids in a
with a small elite segment of school of cliques.
society, who are often Rejected: There are few of
controlled by politically - Individual them and it is a
powerful families who pass on rights and special privilege to
their influence to their freedoms rule to school.
children - Rule of law
- The oligarchic elite imposes - Private
property
strict limits on what
constitutes an acceptable and
respectable political position,
and politicians’ careers
depend heavily on unelected
economic and media elites
- Political power is held by a
small elite segment of society,
often politically powerful
families
- The Russian Federation is
considered an oligarchy
because of the influence
carried by members of the
7. Samantha Lesyk Humanities 30-1
May 6, 2012
former communist part
- Some also theorize that all
forms of government
eventually become oligarchies
(ex. USA)
One-Party State - A type of system where only Accepted: - Italy A one-party state is
one party forms the - Rule of law trying to pick a red
government and no other marble out of a bag
parties are permitted to run Rejected: of blue.
candidates for election - Individual
- Some appearances of rights and
democracy exist, but the freedoms
absence of choice and the - Competition
barriers against change - Self-interest
eliminate the liberal and
democratic principle of the will
of the people
- They are often communist
states
- Others say it simply does not
represent the will of the
people
- In some states, people may
choose from a number of
candidates, though all
candidates represent the same
party
- Emphasize unity, strength,
community through a single
organization (party), rather
than the divisiveness and
conflict of multi-party
democracy
- With no dissenting voice
(opposing parties) it is easier
to ignore previously
established laws or
constitutions
- Often described as a republic
of the people’s will (people’s
republic, socialist republic,
democratic republic)
Military - A form of government in Accepted: - Latin America Military
Dictatorships which political power resides - Rule of law - Africa dictatorship is the
- Middle East live version of the
8. Samantha Lesyk Humanities 30-1
May 6, 2012
with the military leadership Rejected: Saw movies. A man
- Some justify military - Individual with the ability to
dictatorships by saying they rights and take away your life
are bringing political stability freedoms right before your
to their countries or of - Self-interest eyes, but makes
rescuing them from you participate in
“dangerous ideologies” his sick, twisted
- Military regimes tend to game, which is
portray themselves as neutral your only way to
survive.
third parties who can provide
interim leadership during
times of turmoil
- Will of the people is ignored
or undermined short term, but
apparently is better in the long
run
- Tend to be unwilling to give
up power unless forced to do
so
- Military leadership holds
political power
- May be official (military
declares their intent to
govern) or unofficial (military
exerts influence privately)
- Generally established
through coup d’état
- Often justified as an attempt
to stabilize national politics or
rescue the nation from
dangerous ideologies
- Musharraf claimed the
elected president was
undermining Pakistan’s
constitution
- Pinochet took over Chile in
order to prevent the elected
president from creating an
authoritarian socialist
government
- Military dictatorships are
rarely considered legitimate by
the international community
and have become increasingly
rare in the last 20 years
9. Samantha Lesyk Humanities 30-1
May 6, 2012
In General
Democracy Similarities Authoritarianism
- Tests human’s ability to make - Both have intentions - Generally labeled as unconcerned with
wise judgments in matters of paying attention and the will of the people, but that is not
concerning themselves or others responding to the will necessarily true
- Ordinary individual citizens are of the people, but go - They attempt to discern and respond to
the ones who shape how the about in different ways the will of the people
government works - Both have a leader - Claim order and security are more
- Ideally, the governing system is over the government, important than freedom
designed with the individual whether it be a prime - Father figure will make the decisions
citizen’s participation and minister, a president, in the interests of the people
or a monarch - They have a detailed vision of a
inviolability in mind
- Both make use of the wonderful future, but their vision
- Individual equality and worth,
practice of propaganda requires sacrifice and hardship and
the rule of law, private property,
to spread word and must therefore ignore the immediate
and ruling through the consent boost their popularity
of the governed will of the people
- Elections are the essence of - Authoritarianism describes a form of
democracy; open, free and fair government that vests authority in an
- “As citizens of this democracy, elite group that may or may not rule in
you are the rulers and the ruled, the interests of the people
the lawgivers and the law- - Many authoritarian governments
abiding, the beginning and the believe they are serving the best
end.” – Adlai Stevenson interests of the country
- In democracy, power is - Some scholars believe
ultimately vested in the people authoritarianism is an expression of
collectivism, in opposition to
individualism
- Places governing authority with an
elite that may or may not govern in the
interests of the people
- Vision: defined by leader as a national
objective (security, prosperity, etc.)
- Propaganda: population is controlled
by controlling the information they
receive
- Controlled Participation: people
believe they are contributing
(attending rallies, spying on subversive
citizens) and work to support
government activities or stop anti-
government efforts
- Directing Public Discontent: people
10. Samantha Lesyk Humanities 30-1
May 6, 2012
are provided with a common enemy
(scapegoat) upon which they can focus
their frustration or anger
- Terror: may be quick, brutal, and
violent (dissidents disappear)