This document provides information about reported speech, including: 1. Reported speech is used to tell what someone said but does not repeat their exact words. It involves changing verb tenses, pronouns, time/place expressions from direct to indirect speech. 2. Key changes include moving verb tenses back one tense, changing pronouns and adjectives, and adjusting time/place adverbs. 3. Punctuation is removed from reported statements and questions. Introductory verbs like "say" and "tell" are followed by "that" to introduce the indirect quote.

1. REPORTED SPEECH

2. When do we use it?
 REPORTED SPEECH is used to tell what someone
said. Yet, we do not repeat all the words exactly.
REAL WORDS (direct speech):
Tom said: “We are going to the cinema this
afternoon.”
REPORTED SPEECH:
Tom said that they were going to the cinema that
afternoon.

3. Say / says/ tell / tells / said / told
 Say / says / said comes after them that if
there is no object
 If there is an object we use say / says /
said to (object) he said to her
 Tell / tells / told should come after them
directly the object Ahmed told her
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4. Let’s watch a video!!!
watch

5. Changes
 Types of changes:
1. Punctuation
2. Verb Tenses
3. Time and place expressions
4. Logical change of pronouns
 EXAMPLE
 DIRECT: Mary said: “They are seeing me tomorrow”
 REPORTED: Mary said that they were seeing her the
following day

6. 1.Punctuation
 We remove any colons , commas, inverted
commas or question marks
 Ex: (Direct)
Ahmed said, “ I studied English yesterday.”
(Indirect)
Ahmed said that he had studied English the day
before

7. 2.Verb Tenses (review)

11. List of Verb Changes (we move step backwards
with the tense)
TENSE DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
PRESENT SIMPLE I play tennis with my friends
She said that she played tennis with her
friends
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
I am playing tennis with my
friends
She said that she was playing tennis with her
friends
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
I have played tennis with my
friends
She said that she had played tennis with her
friends
PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
I have been playing tennis with
my friends
She said that she had been playing tennis
with her friends
PAST SIMPLE I played tennis with my friends
She said that she had played tennis with her
friends
PAST CONTINUOUS
I were playing tennis with my
friends
She said that she had been playing tennis
with her friends
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
I had played tennis with my
friends
She said that she had played tennis with her
friends
PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
I had been playing tennis with
my friends
She said that she had been playing tennis
with her friends
FUTURE SIMPLE
I will play tennis with my
friends
She said that they would play tennis with
her friends

12. Changes in Modals
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTEDSPEECH
CAN COULD
MAY MIGHT
MUST / HAVE TO MUST / HAD TO
WILL WOULD

13. 3.Pronouns and adjectives
changes

14. 4.Time and Place Adverb Change`
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Now Then
Today That day
Tonight That night
Yesterday The previous day / the day before
Last week The previous week / the week before
A __________ ago The previous ______ / the _____ before
Tomorrow
The following day / the day after / the next
day
Next ___________ The following ________ / the _______ after
Here There
This
These
That
Those

15. Let’s watch a video!!!
watch

16. General rule:
1. When the introductory verb (say, tell, inform, state, claim…)
is in the present, present perfect or future tense or if there
is a fact / words like just now or a moment ago, no change
in tense or adverbs of time and place is necessary
Direct speech:
He says: “I am writing a letter now”.
The teacher said: “ the sun rises from the east.”
She said just now: “I want a piece of cake.”
Reported speech:
He says that he is writing a letter now .
The teacher said that the sun rises from the east.
She said just now that she wants a piece of cake.
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17. 2. When the introductory verb is in the Past
Tense, there is a change of tense and adverbs of
time and place.
Direct speech:
He said: “I am writing a letter at the moment”.
Reported speech:
He said that he was writing a letter at that
moment.
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18. Reported statements
 Pay attention to the changes mentioned before.
 'That‘ can be omited with “TELL & SAY”:
 She told him that he was a fool.
 She told him he was a fool.
 She said that I was right
 She said I was right
 Remember not to use inverted commas.
 Observe that when you use TELL, you must mention
“the person you’re speaking to”
 John said: “Ann, I’m very happy.”
 John told Ann that he was very happy.

19. Quiz time

20. Let’s play a game

21. Homework
 Solve booklet p.15 exercises b and c

22.  -Report a conversation between
you and your friend about your
plan for the next weekend then
send it to my email
Nada_sabry90@yahoo.com
The week’s project