This document provides information about report writing for research methodology. It begins with the course outcomes, which include gaining exposure to research techniques, understanding methodologies, learning about sampling data, analyzing feasibility of methodologies, and applying research reports. The document then discusses the significance of report writing, the layout including preliminary pages, main text and end matter, and precautions for writing reports. Key aspects are selecting topics, planning, gathering information, quoting sources, and editing. The main text sections are introduction, methodology, analysis, findings and recommendations. Precautions include avoiding dullness and technical language, and clearly stating objectives, problems, methods and analyses.

1. DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
Report Writing
University Institute of Engineering
Electronics & Communication
Engineering
Master of Engineering (Electronics and Communication
Engineering)
Research Methodology
20ECT653
Prepared By Nitin Sharma

2. 2
Report Writing
Course Outcome
CO1 Gain exposure to range of quantitative and / or qualitative research techniques
CO2 Understand and analyze research methodologies identified in existing literature.
CO3 Learn strategies related to sampling of data
CO4 Analyze the feasibility and practicality of research methodology for a proposed
project.
CO5 Apply and design the research report for a particular problem

3. Contents
 Report Writing
 Significance of Report writing
 Layout of Research Report
 Precaution in writing a Report
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4. REPORT WRITING
REPORT
A report is a very formal document that is written for a variety of purposes in the sciences,
social sciences, engineering and business disciplines, to make the research accessible to
all.
By this report, the research sponsors, government, students, academicians can get to
learn and understand the research related work.

5. SIGNIFICANCE OF REPORT WRITING:
Research report is considered a major component of the research study for the
research task remains incomplete till the report has been presented and/ or written.
The purpose of research is not well served unless the findings are made known to
others.
The task of report writing must be accomplished by the researcher with utmost care
and he may seek the assistance and guidance of the experts.

6. DIFFERENT STEPS IN WRITING REPORT
The usual steps involved in writing report are
1. Logical Analysis of the subject matter
2. Preparation of the final outline
3. Preparation of the rough draft
4. Re- writing and polishing
5. Preparation of the final bibliography
6. Writing the final draft.

7. 1. Logical Analysis of the Subject Matter: It is the first step which is primarily concerned with the
development of the subject.
2. Preparation of the final outline: The next step in writing a research report is to outline or to make a
frame upon which long written works are constructed.
3. Preparation of the rough draft: The researcher prepares a rough draft of his research work. He will have
to put his work in pen and paper now so that he can ask his critics to comment upon it.
4. Re-writing and polishing: The careful revision makes the difference between a mediocre and a good
piece of writing. In this step, the researcher should check the report for weakness in logical development
or presentation.,

8. 5. Preparation of the final Bibliography: The bibliography is a list of books which are used as a reference
for the preparation of the report. It should contain all those works which the researcher has consulted. The
bibliography should be arranged alphabetically and may be divided into two parts. The first part may
contain the names of the books and pamphlets, and second part may contain the names of the magazines
and news paper articles. Also the page numbers of the books being referred and the edition and the
volume of the magazine being referred must be mentioned.
6. Writing the final Draft: The final draft should be written in a concise and objective style and in simple
language, avoiding vague expressions. Also the researcher must avoid abstract terminology and technical
words.

9. MECHANISM OF WRITING A REPORT:
1. Selecting the topic
2. Planning the paper
3. Developing the statement of purpose
4. Gathering the Information
5. Connecting your thoughts
6. Giving credit where credit is due
7. Quoting, Summarizing
8. Citations (Crediting Sources within the paragraph)
9. Editing and Proof reading
10. General guidelines for reference listings

10. LAYOUT OF THE RESEARCH REPORT:
The person who is reading the report, must necessarily be conveyed enough about the study.
The layout of the research report should compromise
A. Preliminary Pages
B. Main Text
C. The End matter
Preliminary Pages:
The report should have
• The title with the date
• Acknowledgement in the form of Preface or the Foreword.
• The table of contents (list of tables and illustration)

11. 5. Conclusions or Implications of the results: The researcher should again put down the results of his
research clearly and precisely. It is considered a good practice to finish the report with a short conclusion
which summarizes and recapitulates the main points of the study.
6. Summary: It has become customary to conclude the research report with a brief summary of the report
which defines in brief the research problem, the methodology, the major findings and the major
conclusions drawn from the research results.
End Matter:
At the end of the report, appendices should be enlisted in respect of all technical data such as
questionnaires, mathematical derivations etc. The bibliography should also be given at the end of the
report.

12. Main Text:
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Analysis of data
4. Statements of Findings and Recommendations

13. PRECAUTIONS FOR WRITING RESEARCH REPORTS:
The research report should be long enough to cover the subjects but short enough to maintain the
interest.
The report should not be dull, it should sustain the reader’s interest.
Abstract terminology and technical language should be avoided in a research report.
The report must provide a readily availability of the findings.
The layout of the report must be in accordance with the objectives of the research problem.
 The report should be original in nature

14. Appendices should be properly listed in all respect in order to avoid any confusions.
Bibliography of sources of consulted is a must and it should be very carefully and
chronologically arranged.
The report must be attractive in its appearance.
The objective of the study, the nature of the problem, the methods employed and the
analysis techniques adopted must all be clearly stated in the beginning of the report in
the form of introduction.
The limitations related to the study must also be clearly indicated in the research
report.

15. References
• Dowdy, S., Wearden, S. and Chilko, D., Statistics for Research, Wiley Series (2004)
• Walpole, R.E., Myers, R.H., Myers, S.L. and Ye, K., Probability and Statistics for Engineers and Scientists,
Pearson Education (2002).
• Kothari C.R., Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques, New Age International Publishers, 2nd
Edition.
• Bordens K.S., Abbott B.B., Research and Design Methods, 6th Edition, TMH Publishing Company Limited.
• Johnson, R.A, Probability and Statistics by , PHI-2nd edition
• Trivedi K.S., Probability & Statistics With Reliability, Queuing And Computer Science Applications , 2nd
Edition, JohnWiley & Sons
• Meyer, P.L., Introduction to Probability & Statistical, Applications, Oxford, IBH
• Johnson, R.A., Probability and Statistics, PHI, New Delhi
• Krishnaswami, K.N., Sivakumar, A. I. and Mathirajan, M., Management Research Methodology, Pearson
Education: New Delhi
• Zikmund, W.G., Business Research Methods, 7th Edition, Thomson South-Western
• Cooper, D. R. and Schindler, Business Research Method , P.S Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi 2nd edition (2010).
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16. THANK YOU
For queries
Email: nitinsharma.ece@cumail.in