This document summarizes a student project report on a wireless patient health monitoring system using ARM, wireless sensor networks, and Zigbee. The system aims to automatically monitor patient vital signs such as pulse rate, ECG, temperature, and oxygen saturation and transmit the data to a central computer via Zigbee for real-time access by medical staff and authorized relatives. The report includes sections on introduction and background, literature review, system design, implementation, results and discussion, and conclusions and future work.

1. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
Project Report on
“Name Of The Topic”
Submitted To the University of Pune in The Partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the
award of the degree of
Master Of Engineering
(VLSI & Embedded System - E&TC Engineering)
Submitted By
Student Name
(Exam Seat Number)
Under The Guidance Of
(Guide Name)
Department Of Electronics And Telecommunication
Dr. D. Y. Patil Educational Academys
Dr. D. Y. Patil College Of Engineering
Sr. No. 124 & 126, A/P Ambi, Talegaon Dabhade,Tal. Maval,
Dist Pune 410506, Maharashtra, India
Academic Year: 2013-14
DYPCOE, Ambi Dept. of E & TC Engineering.
2014

2. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
Department Of Electronics And Telecommunication
Dr. D. Y. Patil Educational Academys
Dr. D. Y. Patil College Of Engineering
A/P Ambi, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune.
C E R T I F I C A T E
This is to certify that the project report entitled
“-------------------------<Name of the Project>-----------------------------”
Submitted by
<Mr. XYZ STUDENT NAME> EXAM NO: 3070
is a bonafide work carried out by them under the supervision of Prof. .-------<full Name> it is
submitted towards the partial fulfilment of the requirement of University of Pune, Pune for
the award of the degree of Master of Engineering (VLSI & Embedded System - E & TC
Engineering)
Prof.-------<full Name & Sign> Prof. ------<full Name & Sign>
Internal Guide Head
Department of E & TC Engineering Department of E & TC Engineering
DYPCOE, Ambi, Pune. DYPCOE, Ambi, Pune.
Dr. S. D. Shirbahadurkar
Principal
DYPCOE, Ambi, Pune.
DYPCOE, Ambi Dept. of E & TC Engineering.
2014
Date : - / / 2014
Place : - Pune

3. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
CERTIFICATE BY GUIDE
This is to certify that < Name of the student> has completed the project work under my
guidance and supervision and that, I have verified the work for its originality in
documentation, problem statement, implementation and results presented in the project. Any
reproduction of other necessary work is with the prior permission and has given due
ownership and included in the references.
DYPCOE, Ambi Dept. of E & TC Engineering.
2014
Prof.-------<full Name & Sign>
Internal Guide
Department of E & TC Engineering
DYPCOE, Ambi, Pune.
Date : - / / 2014
Place : - Pune

4. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
{Title Font: Times New Roman, 14 size, Bold, Line Spacing 1.5, Alignment: Justified
Body Text
Font: Times New Roman, 12 size, Line Spacing 1.5, Alignment: Justified}
I express my sense of gratitude towards my project guide Prof. <Name of the Guide> for his
valuable guidance at every step of study of this dissertation, also his contribution for the
solution of every problem at each stage.
I am thankful to Prof. <Name of the HOD> Head of the department of B.E. E & TC
Engineering and all the staff members who extended the preparatory steps of this dissertation.
I am very much thankful to respected Principal Dr. S. D. Shirbahadurkar for his support
and providing all facilities to complete the project.
Finally I want to thank to all of my friends for their support & suggestions. Last but not the
least I want to express thanks to my family for giving me support and confidence at each and
every stage of this project.
DYPCOE, Ambi Dept. of E & TC Engineering.
2014
<Name of the Student>

5. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
ABSTRACT
Existing medical systems for patients' vital data collection require a great deal of labor work to
collect, input and analyze the information. These processes are usually slow and error-prone,
introducing a latency that prevents real-time data accessibility. This scenario restrains the clinical
diagnostics and monitoring capabilities.
Therefore, there is a strong need for investigating the possibility of design and implementation of
an interactive real-time wireless communication system. Main aim of this project is to propose a
solution to automate patient vital data collection process by using wireless sensor network that
are inter-connected to exchange service. In this project we propose the design of health
monitoring system for patients using ARM LPC2138 microcontroller. The primary function of
the system is to monitor Pulse rate, ECG, body temperature & Oxygen saturation in blood. The
measured parameters are then transferred to a PC via Zigbee Trans Receiver Module and
displayed on LCD. The patient information on VB screen can be accessed by authorized android
phone using online desktop sharing software. So that medical staff can monitor the patient’s data
in real time. The data on can be accessed by patient’s relatives with proper authorization.
DYPCOE, Ambi Dept. of E & TC Engineering. 2014

6. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
CONTENTS
* LIST OF FIGURES I
* LIST OF TABLES II
CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE
1 INTRODUCTION 1-5
1.1 1
1.2 2
1.3 3
1.4 5
2 LITERATURE SURVEY 6-18
2.1
2.2
3 SYSTEM INFORMATION 22-45
3.1
3.2
4 MANUFACTURING 46-49
4.1
5 ABOUT THE PROJECT 50
5.1
5.2
6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 51-61
6.1
6.2
7 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 62-63
7.1
7.2
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
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7. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE NO NAME OF THE FIGURE PAGE NO
1
2
3
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8. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
I
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO DESCRIPTION PAGE NO
1
2
3
4
DYPCOE, Ambi Dept. of E & TC Engineering. 2014

9. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
II
DYPCOE, Ambi Dept. of E & TC Engineering. 2014

10. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
1. INTRODUCTION:
Wireless patient health monitoring device has become increasingly important in health care
institutions to record real-time data during normal activity for better treatment. This Wireless
Health Monitoring System requires being of low cost, low in weight and should consume
minimum power. Also it should have better coverage area so as to prove reliable and good
quality. This project provides a solution for improving the ease, reliability, flexibility by
improving the performance and power management of the real-time-patient monitoring system.
In the proposed system the patient health is continuously monitored to acquire health data which
is then transmitted to a centralized server using Wireless Sensor Networks through a Zigbee
transreceiver module.
ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4 is a standard for low-rate, and low power WPAN. It is contention based
and schedule based MAC schemes are applied as their MAC standard. [6] A ZigBee node is
connected to patient monitor system which will send the patient's vital information to the
microcontroller.
1.1 BACKGROUND
There are many health monitoring systems available. Systems that are mostly used in health
institutions are wired and mostly offline. Aim of this project is to have a system that is automated
and as well as online so as dedicated medical staff is not required for tracking patient’s health
data. Heart of this project is Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Basically, A WSN is defined as a
network of wireless devices, called as nodes, which sense given objects and transmit the sensed
data through wireless links. The data is transmitted via a single hop or multi-hops, to a base
station which can be connected to other networks. WSN node consists of ADC, RF
transreceiver, flash memory, sensors for sensing entities, main processing unit that could be a
DYPCOE, Ambi Dept. of E & TC Engineering. 2014

11. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
microcontroller or processor. Health monitoring systems require being of real time and
continuous parameter measurement.
This system consists of two nodes containing temp sensor, Pulse Rate sensor, Pulse Oximetre
and ECG sensor. Upon system start up, the patient health monitor system will monitor the
patient’s vital parameters and it will periodically send those parameters to a centralized server
using ZigBee node configured as co-coordinator.
On central base station we can view the results through GUI on VB screen. Data on central base
station can be accessed on android phone using online desktop sharing software with proper
authorization.
1.2 ADVANTAGES OF WHMS
 This pervasive health care system will give a real time patient monitoring avoiding the
need of dedicated caretakers. This concept is based on utility computing.
 WSN consumes very low power. Because of this useful feature, WSN proves to be much
better choice than current wired medical devices.
 Patient’s relatives can also track patient’s data using android mobile or PC with proper
authorization.
1.3 APPLICATION
It is aimed to be applied in health institutions and hospitals. This project will be of great use in
large hospitals where it is difficult to have dedicated medical staff for each patient’s health
monitoring.
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1.4 LAYOUT OF PROJECT REPORT
The layout of this report is as follows:
1 Chapter 1 introduces the topic.
2 Chapter 2 covers the literature survey.
3 Chapter 3 deals with the problem statement.
4 Chapter 4 is about the project.
5 Chapter 5 includes results and its discussion.
6 Chapter 6 covers the conclusion and future scope.
References and publications are included at the end.
DYPCOE, Ambi Dept. of E & TC Engineering. 2014

13. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
DYPCOE, Ambi Dept. of E & TC Engineering. 2014

14. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Title of The
Paper
Year
Published
Issues
Discussed
Methodology Scope
An Automatic Iris Occlusion
Estimation Method Based on
High Dimensional Density
Estimation.
2012
Iris masks play an
important role in iris
recognition. They
indicate which part of
the iris texture map is
useful and which
part is occluded or
contaminated by noisy
image artifacts such as
eyelashes, eyelids,
eyeglasses frames, and
specular reflections.
The accuracy of the
iris mask is extremely
important.
The performance of the
iris recognition system
will decrease dramatically
when the iris mask is
inaccurate, even when the
best recognition algorithm
is used. Traditionally,
people used the rule-based
algorithms to
estimate iris masks from
iris images.
In this work, propose to
use Figueiredo and Jain’s
Gaussian Mixture Models
(FJ-GMM) to model the
underlying probabilistic
distributions of both valid
and invalid regions on iris
images and also explored
possible features and
found that Gabor Filter
Bank
(GFB) provides
the most
discriminative
information for
our goal.
Dynamic Features for
Iris Recognition
2012
The human eye is
sensitive to visible
light. Increasing
illumination on the eye
causes the pupil of the
eye to contract, while
decreasing
illumination causes the
pupil to dilate. Visible
light causes
specular
reflections
inside the iris
ring.
In order to measure the
dynamic movement of the
human pupil and iris
while keeping the light-induced
reflexes from
affecting the quality of the
digitalized image, this
paper describes a device
based on the consensual
reflex.
In this paper, we propose
to capture images of the
pupil of one eye using
NIR illumination while
illuminating the other eye
using a visible-light pulse.
This new approach
extracts iris features
called “dynamic features
(DFs).”
DYPCOE, Ambi Dept. of E & TC Engineering. 2014

15. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
CHAPTER 3
SYSTEM INFORMATION
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16. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
3. SYSTEM INFORMATION
Project Block Diagram
ARM
LPC2138
Temperature
Sensor
Pulse
Oximetre
Zigbee Tx
Fig 3.1: Slave 1 Block Diagram
Rx
ARM
LPC2138
LCD
Zigbee Tx-
Rx
Fig 3.2: Slave 2 Block Diagram
LCD
ECG
Pulse Rate
Sensor
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17. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
PC
(Visual
Basic
Software)
Android RS 232
Mobile
Phone
Fig 3.3: Master Terminal
Block Diagram Description:
Zigbee Tx Rx
The system basically consists of Zigbee transreceiver, ARM7 microcontroller, LCD, temperature
sensor, SPO2 sensor, Pulse Rate sensor and ECG sensor,
Slave1:
On slave 1 we are connecting Temperature sensor and SPO2 sensor. When the patient holds
temperature sensor, body temperature will be displayed on LCD in degree centigrade.
SpO2 (Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen) is measured using SpO2 sensor. Patient has to put his
finger in a clip like device consisting of IR transmitter and IR receiver for 30 seconds. Both
temperature sensor and SpO2 sensor will transmit the data to microcontroller. ARM7 will
transmit the data to central base station using Zigbee transreceiver.
Slave1:
On slave 2 we have ECG sensor and Pulse Rate Sensor.
ECG is measured by placing pair of AgCl electrodes on patient’s skin. Pulse rate sensor will
measure the pulse rate of patient in bpm (Beats per Minutes). Both of these sensors will send the
DYPCOE, Ambi Dept. of E & TC Engineering. 2014

18. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
data to ARM7. The pulse rate will be displayed on LCD. ARM7 then will send ecg and pulse
rate data to central base station through wireless Zigbee transreciver module.
Master Terminal:
Central PC (Master Terminal) will receive the data from both of the slaves using Master request
and Slave Respond protocol. On PC we have VB as GUI (Graphical User Interface). On VB
screen we can see the body temperature, Pulse Rate, SpO2 and ECG waveform.
The VB screen can be accessed by authorized android mobile using online desktop sharing
software TeamViewer.
DYPCOE, Ambi Dept. of E & TC Engineering. 2014

19. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
CHAPTER 4
MANUFACTURING
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20. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
4. MANUFACTURING
The project consists of following software and hardware components:
4.1 Hardware Specifications:
 ARM 7 LPC2138
ARM LPC2138 is a 32 bit TDMI-S microcontroller with real-time emulation and embedded
trace support. It has high speed flash memory of 512 kB and 32 KB of static RAM. Maximum
clock frequency is 60 MHz. For our application we are using 12 MHz. ARM 7 has 128 bit wide
memory interface.
Due to its small size and low power consumption it is mainly used where size is the constraint.
Various 32-bit timers, single or dual 10-bit ADC(s), 10-bit DAC, PWM channels and 47 fast
GPIO lines make the LPC2138 suitable for industrial control and medical systems. [8]
Operational voltage for ARM is 3.3 V. Cost is also low compared to other microcontrollers. It
has two USB ports. These features makes it good choice for our application.
 LM35 Temperature sensor
LM35 Temperature sensor is used to sense the patient’s body temperature. LM35 can sense the
temperature of the atmosphere around it or the temperature of any machine to which it is
connected. It can also give the temperature of human body. This is precision integrated circuit
temperature circuits that give output in analog form. The output voltage is linearly proportional
to temperature in Celsius (Centigrade). It provides almost accurate temperature with range of
−55 to +150°C. [12] The cost of LM35 is very low. Also it has very low self heating, less than
0.1°C in still air making it useful in our project.
DYPCOE, Ambi Dept. of E & TC Engineering. 2014

21. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
 Pulse Rate Sensor
Basically a pulse rate sensor consists of IR based obstacle sensor, one transmitter and a receiver.
Patient has to put the fingertip between LED and LDR (Light Dependant Resistor) for 30
seconds. Infrared LED light transmits IR signal, some part of that is reflected by blood cells.
Reflected signal detected by LDR. The LDR generates pulses depending upon the flow of blood.
We increase the gain, so that the magnitude of pulses can be detected by microcontroller.
Accordingly the pulses are counted by microcontroller and multiplied by factor of 2 so that Pulse
Rate will be for 60 seconds. It will be displayed on LCD.
 SpO2 sensor
 ECG sensor
 Zigbee Transreceiver
 LCD
We have used 16x2 Lampex lcd which indicates 16 columns and 2 rows. So, we can write 16
characters in each line. So, total 32 characters we can display on 16x2 lcd. LCD can also used in
a project to check the output of different modules interfaced with the microcontroller.
4.2 Software Specifications:
The use of software is to make an interactive, reliable monitoring and management of patient’s
sensed data.
 Visual Basics:
The system software is made using Visual Basic which helps to form GUI. On VB screen we can
view all the data sent from WSN. ECG waveform is also displayed on VB screen.
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22. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
 Proteus 7.7
In this project for PCB designing, schematic capture and circuit simulation we are using
simulation software Proteus 7.7.
 Keil μVision4
μVision is a window-based software development platform. It is used here for debugging and
complete simulation. It integrates all the tools needed to develop embedded applications
including a C/C++ compiler, macro assembler, linker/locator, and a HEX file generator. μVision
used to expedite the development process of embedded applications by providing the IDE. KEIL
automatically creates source fie, compile, link and then performs debugging/simulation on the
hardware. KEIL is good choice for simplification of debugging and testing of embedded
applications. [7]
 Team Viewer
TeamViewer software is used for giving remote PC access from any android mobile. Provided
both of the systems have TeamViewer installed on it. Administrator access is required for
installing TeamViewer, but once installed it can be run by any user. After we start TeamViewer
on a computer, a partner ID and password is generated. In order to have a connection from a
local client to remote operator, you have to request the ID and password, and then enter these
into your local TeamViewer.
DYPCOE, Ambi Dept. of E & TC Engineering. 2014

23. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
CHAPTER 5
ABOUT THE PROJECT
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24. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
5. ABOUT THE PROJECT
This section covers the circuit diagram of the project and simulation process.
5.1 Circuit Diagram:
Fig 5.1: Node 1 Circuit Diagram
DYPCOE, Ambi Dept. of E & TC Engineering. 2014

25. “Wireless Patient’s Health Monitoring System using ARM, WSN and Zigbee”
DYPCOE, Ambi Dept. of E & TC Engineering. 2014