These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how mobile devices are becoming more economically feasible for health care. Rapid improvements in electronics are enabling a wide variety of health-related attachments to become available for mobile phones. These attachments can analyze breath, blood oxygen levels, blood glucose, blood type, and urine and do ultrasounds. These advances will change the way health care is monitored and managed.

1. +
Mobile Device for
Health Care
Lim Shu Qiang A0132408N
Ng Ee Xien A0055297W
Ng Hwee Shen A1032453N
Wang Ming A0055301X
Xiao Yu A0034303Y
Yu Bin A0110258R

2. +
Agenda
n Introduction
n Current Applications and Constraints
n Breath Analyzer
n Ultrasound
n Blood Oxygen Level
n Blood Test (HIV)
n Glucose
n Urine Test
n Near Future
n Conclusion

3. Smart Watch GE Healthcare The Vscan
portable ultrasound device
Glucose Tracking Apps in Apple App Store
Sources:
http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2424108,00.asp
http://blogs.wsj.com/corporate-intelligence/2013/02/07/why-mobile-operators-want-a-healthcare-connection/
http://mhealthwatch.com/att-has-13m-emerging-devices-on-its-network-many-of-which-related-to-mhealth-17453/
http://9to5mac.com/2014/03/17/this-is-healthbook-apples-first-major-step-into-health-fitness-tracking/

4. +
Healthcare Equipment
Past: Stationary,
Bulky
In progress: Mobile,
Light
Future:
Integrated &
Smart?

5. +What’s driving mobile device for
healthcare?
MEMS Technology
- Better sensors
Development in
Smartphones
Healthcare apps
- Convenient for self-
monitoring
Increasing awareness
in monitoring health
care
Drivers

6. +
Evolution of Smartphone
Simon Personal Communicator
(IBM, 1992)
• Monochrome display
• Stylus
• One hour battery span
• Send and receive emails
and faxes
PhoneWriter Communicator
(AT&T, 1995)
• Origin of the term
“smartphone”
• Interactive display
A mobile phone that performs many of the functions of a computer,
typically having a touchscreen interface, Internet access, and an
operating system capable of running downloaded apps.
--Oxford Dictionary
Nokia 9000 Communicator
(1996)
• First QWERTY keyboard phone
• Navigation keys
• Monochrome display
• Larger screen
• E-mail, fax, web browsing, word processing
and spreadsheets
Ericsson GS 88 (1997)
Qualcomm pdQ-1900 (1999)
BlackBerry 850 (1999)
Ericsson R380 (2000)
Functions become
more
standardized as a PDA
Battery time extended
to 2.5 hours talk time
Source: http://pocketnow.com/2014/07/28/the-evolution-of-the-
smartphone

7. +
From Enterprise to Consumer
• Establishment of data plans (GPRS &
EDGE)
• Third-party applications and games
BlackBerry 7210 (2003)
• First colour screen smartphone
LG Prada (2006)
• First capacitive touch screen
Source: International Telecommunications
Union

8. +
Smartphone Healthcare Apps

9. +
http://www.pewinternet.org/2012/11/08/main-findings-6/

10. +
Traditional data gathering
n Traditional methods of gathering and utilizing data
n Data sampling is low frequency
n Sampling is irregular
n Only small sample sizes are built for decision analysis

11. +
Portable handheld sensors
n Sensors are already going into portable units due to MEMs
and Ics
n List of portable sensors
n Glucosentient-Healthcare
n DNanylze-Heavy metal water analysis
n Horiba U-53-Multimeter water analysis

12. +
Health care device
physical configuration
Image
Analysis
Plug-in Wire/
Wireless
connection
Wearable Embedded
http://clinical.diabetesjournals.org/

13. +
Agenda
n Introduction
n Current Applications and Constraints
n Breath Analyzer
n Ultrasound
n Blood Oxygen Level
n Blood Test (HIV)
n Glucose
n Urine Test
n Near Future
n Conclusion

14. +
Breath Analyzer for Smartphone
n FDA registered fuel cell sensor
n Plug into to headphone jack
n Learn drinking habits, enhance lifestyle
n $49.9 to $99.9

15. +
Mobile Ultrasound Device
n Until now, 60% of the world did not have access to ultrasound.
n Mobisante- the world’s first smartphone-based ultrasound
imaging system, the MobiUS™ SP1 ultrasound system.
n This device has been approved by the FDA

16. +
Mobile Ultrasound Device
n Small and portable
n Connected- Images can be quickly shared secure Wi-Fi, cellular
networks or USB.
n Affordable- smaller, more resource-constrained facilities and
healthcare teams can offer more complete care
~28,000 USD ~19,000 USD ~7,900 USD ~7,450 USD

17. +
Blood Oxygen Monitoring
n Anemia
n Anesthesia monitoring in the third world
n Death rates from anesthesia remain 100 - 1,000 times
higher than developed countries
The Phone Oximeter

18. +
Blood Oxygen Monitoring
n Ongoing improvement
n From external infrared detector to smartphone integrated
camera
n More convenience leads to persistent monitoring
n Lower cost ($40 per unit for the current device)

19. +
Diagnosis of infectious diseases
- HIV as an example
n Conventional Method- Laboratory Blood Test
n ELISA- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- The sample will be add on to a petri dish containing the specific
antigen
- If your blood contains antibodies to the antigen, the two will bind
together.
- This can be checked by adding an enzyme to the petri dish and
observing how your blood and the antigen react.
- If the contents of the dish change
color, you may have the condition.
How much change the enzyme
causes allows to determine the
presence and amount of antibody.

20. +
Diagnosis of infectious diseases
- HIV as an example
n Mobile microfluidic chip
n Streamlining Blood Testing
n ~15 mins to get the test
result
n ~30mins to train health
care workers for how to
use

21. +
Diagnosis of infectious diseases
- HIV as an example
n Much lower manufacturing cost
n Scaling up HIV testing at the
community level with immediate
antiretroviral therapy could nearly
stop HIV transmission and approach
elimination of the virus

22. +
Glucose monitoring for diabetes
http://clinical.diabetesjournals.org/
iBGStar GlucoDock
Dario
USD75, test strip at USD1.3/piece Euro100
strips, lancet poker, and phone app
• Analyze data directly on phone app
• Easy to share data with doctors
• Diabetes management: study of blood
sugar statistics, pattern and trend
USD69,
100 test
strip for
USD15
• Electrochemical
biosensor
• ISO 15197:2013
accuracy
requirements

23. +
Glucose Monitoring Apps
• Meal information
• Carbohydrate log
• Alarm
http://clinical.diabetesjournals.org/

24. +
Urine Test on Smartphone
n Scanadu Scanaflo
n 99¢ for the apps, $20 for a packet of strips
n Test for levels of glucose, protein, leukocytes, nitrites, blood,
bilirubin, urobilinogen, microalbumin, creatinine, ketone, specific
gravity, and pH in urine
n Use color to give feedbacks: Green = normal, red = abnormal
n Urine tract infection, kidney disorders, pregnancy evaluation, etc
Dip Wait Scan Get

25. +
Existing HP based sensors
Mobile
Based
Sensors
Sensordrone
Colormetrix
Do-Ra
Mobosens
Tricorder:Bluetooth
Based Environmental
sensor
Portable
Spectrophotometer
Attachable sensor
for water contaminants
Attachable personal
dosimeter-radiometer

26. +
Constraints
n Cost of components: meter, testing device, disposable test strips,
mobile applications
n Manufacturing cost high due to various design
n Could sensor and testing be integrated to a chipset in the phone itself?
n Could different sensors be used to measure blood glucose levels without
the need for a lancing mechanism or test strips?
n Technology – performance, accuracy, precision, data storage and transfer
n Aesthetics – bulky and cumbersome design
n Regulatory submission and clearance (FDA, HSA)
n Data interpretation algorithm and/or physician interaction
software/community

27. +
Agenda
n Introduction
n Current Applications and Constraints
n Breath Analyzer
n Ultrasound
n Blood Oxygen Level
n Blood Test (HIV)
n Glucose
n Urine Test
n Near Future
n Conclusion

28. + Trend - Phone revolution
n Google’s future smartphones - Ara

29. + Trend - Phone revolution
§ Possibility of swapping in specialized components such as a mini sensor
device or a heart-rate monitor. The temporary nature of these
interchangeable parts means you could pack in different modules for
different activities.

30. + Trend – Biosensor patents
n There is rapid increase in patent applications and grants after 1998.
Applications and grants have been rising steadily year on year.

31. +
Chem.Soc.Rev.,2014, 43, 3426--3452
Trend – Materials
§ Rapid development in nanotechnology has lead to production of nano-
materials enhanced surface plasma resonance (SPR) sensors.
§ They are used to sense hard-to-detect molecules within the concentration
range between picomoles (-12) and attomoles (-18).

32. +
Future Projections
Improvement on various aspects:
n Functionality
n Cost
n User friendly

33. +
Existing Future
Data checking
(Test results)
Early and wide disease diagnosis
(Predictive, preventive, diagnostics)
Early detection, user friendly with integrated
design
Measuring
(Blood pressure)
Doctor consultation
(Diagnostics)
Online service with medicine prescription,
medical certificate and report generation
Analysis
(Next-generation sequencing (NGS), urine test)
On the spot treatment
(Kidney dialysis, heart defibrillator etc)
Monitoring
(Heartbeat frequency, blood oxygen)
Improvement in lifestyle
(Monitoring)
Diet control, calories measuring in food
Functionality

34. +
Future Projections
n Functionality
n Cost
Ø Decrease in cost for the followings;
Ø Components such as sensor meters, MEMS and testing devices
Ø Support features like application designing and programming
Ø Manufacturing such as component making, integration, packaging
followed by end product formation
n User friendly

35. + Costs of Carbon Nanotube (Sensors)
n Cost of CNTs are dropping rapidly. From $30,000 for high purity (~85% purity
SWCNTs to<$5000 at the same purity.
n Depending on the origin of production, it can even go below $2000.

36. +
Future Projections
n Functionality
n Cost
n User friendly
Ø Decrease use of external support devices
Ø Aim of an integrated design with just 1 single cell phone
Ø Ease of use in applications

37. +
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Accuracy
• Higher precision in measurements
• Instant update of data bank
• Perform complex calculations and proofreading of data
Storage Capacity
• Larger storage
Efficiency
• Better battery lifespan
• Connectivity / higher response time
• Integrated design / no need for external device
• Portable
Functionality
• Expand uses of mobile phone
• Increase variety of applications
• Increase range of detection apart from sensor, vocal and image
processing
Improvements

38. +
Ideal product
Detection Sensor – Blood, urine ?!?
Motion
Sensor –
Ultrasound
Image
Sensor
Detachable
compartment for
drugs and medicine
Ultrasound
and X-ray
emission

39. +
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Environmental applications
(Instant GPS weather forecast with air and humidity sensors)
Gaming industry
(Virtual character closely linked to players)
Security
(DNA reading provides higher level of security)
Healthcare
Chemical industry
(Production of miniature self treatment drugs)
Disruption in new market

40. +
Conclusion
Monitoring
Preventive
Diagnostics
Predictive Future

41. +
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