This document provides an overview of a seminar report on an IoT-based health monitoring system. The report was submitted by Prerna Ravi Shirsath for their Bachelor of Engineering degree. The report discusses the development of a system that measures a patient's body temperature, heartbeat, and oxygen saturation levels using sensors and sends the data to a mobile application via Bluetooth. It presents the architecture of an IoT health monitoring system which includes medical sensors, a smart gateway, and a back-end system. The report also covers the advantages of such systems in enabling remote monitoring and prevention, reducing healthcare costs, and improving treatment management. Some disadvantages around security, risk of failure, and cost are also discussed.

1. Seminar Report
on
“Health Monitoring System Iot Based”
Submitted for partial fulfillment of requirement for the degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
(Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering)
Submited by
Prerna Ravi Shirsath
Under the Guidance of
Prof. R. R. Solanke
Dr. A. O. Vyas
Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering
Dr.Rajendra Gode Institute of Technology & Research, Amravati
(Accredited by NAAC)
Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati.
Year:2023-2024

2. Certificate
Certified that seminar work entitled “HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM” is a bonafide work
carried out in the seventh semester by PRERNA RAVI SHIRSATH “” in partial fulfillment for
the award of Bachelor of engineering in Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering from
Dr.Rajendra Gode Institute Of Technology & Research, Amravati during the academic year
2023-2024.
Guided by
Prof. R. R. Solanke Dr.R.M.Deshmukh
EXTC Department Head Of EXTC Department

3. ACKNOWLEGEMENT
I am extremely grateful to Dr.A.V.Parvate ,Principal , Dr.Rajendra Gode Institute Of
Technology & Research,Amravati and Dr.R.M.Deshmukh , Head of Electronics &
Telecommunication Engineering Department for providing all the resources for the successful
completion of my seminar.
My heartfelt gratitude to my seminar guide Prof R. R. Solanke. Department Of
Electronics &Telecommunication Engineering for valuable suggestions and guidance in
the preparation of the seminar report.
I express my thanks to all staff members and friends for all the help and co-ordination
extended in bringing out this seminar successfully in time.
I will be failing in duty if I do not acknowledge with grateful thanks to the authors of the
references and other literatures referred to in this seminar.
Last but not the least, I am very much thankful to my parents who guided me in every step
which I took.
PRERNA RAVI SHIRSATH
( Final Year EXTC)
DRGIT&R, Amravati

4. TABLE OF CONTENT :-
Sr. No. Title Page No.
1 Abstract 5
2 Introduction 6
3 Literature Review 7
4 Iot Based Patient Monitoring System
[ Fig. 1.1]
8-9
5 Architecture of Iot Health Monitoring
System
[ Fig.1.2]
10-11
6 Advantage and
Disadvantage
12-13
7 Future Scope 14
8 Applications 15-16
9 Conclusion 17
10 References 18

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ABSTRACT
This paper presents the design and implementation of a health monitoring system using the
Internet of Things (IoT). In present days, with the expansion of innovations, specialists are
always looking for innovative electronic devices for easier identification of irregularities
within the body. IoT-enabled technologies enable the possibility of developing novel and
noninvasive clinical support systems. This paper presents a health care monitoring system.
In particular, COVID-19 patients, high blood pressure patients, diabetic patients, etc., in a
rural area in a developing country, such as Bangladesh, do not have instant access to health or
emergency clinics for testing. Buying individual instruments or continuous visitation to
hospitals is also expensive for the regular population. The system we developed will measure
a patient’s body temperature, heartbeat, and oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels in the blood
and send the data to a mobile application using Bluetooth. The mobile application was created
via the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) inventor app and will receive the data
from the device over Bluetooth.
The physical, logical, and application layers are the three layers that make up the system. The
logical layer processes the data collected by the sensors in the physical layer. Media access
management and intersensor communications are handled by the logical layer. Depending on
the logical layer’s processed data, the application layer makes decisions. The main objective
is to increase affordability for regular people. Besides sustainability in the context of finance,
patients will have easy access to personal healthcare.
This paper presents an IoT-based system that will simplify the utilization of an otherwise
complicated medical device at a minimum cost while sitting at home. A 95 percent confidence
interval with a 5 percent maximum relative error is applied to all measurements related to
determining the patient’s health parameters. The use of these devices as support tools by the
general public in a certain situation could have a big impact on their own lives.
.

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INTRODUCTION
Due to IoT-based health monitoring systems, it has become possible for users to get the
necessary physiological information while sitting at home. This system has made life easier for
elderly patients, as for them, the long way to the hospital can be both difficult and tiring. In
this paper, we have chosen some specific sensors to detect certain problems. The system will
collect data on the patient’s heartbeat, oxygen saturation level, temperature, and other
parameters.IoT-based patient monitoring systems using sensors to detect, evaluate, and
monitor two basic vital signs are discussed in a paper the Arduino Mega 2560 and ESP8266
Wi-Fi Module and two sensors modules to design an IoT-based patient monitoring system that
can detect two primary vital signs of body temperature and respiratory rate, analyze thelevel of
vital signs according to the patient’s age, provide alerts for abnormal conditions, and display
the results wirelessly through Android apps.
Wearable IoT-enabled real-time health monitoring system [5–9] is another work, inthe authors
developed a wearable IoT-cloud-based health monitoring system for real-time individual
health monitoring. The researchers used a variety of wearable sensors, including heartbeat,
body temperature, and blood pressure monitors.
Another example is a review of IoT-based health monitoring systems using Raspberry Pi,
LPC2129, and wearable biomedical devices in which researchers discussed IoT-based health
monitoring systems utilizing Raspberry Pi, LPC2129, and wearable biomedical devices. An
Android-based pulse monitoring system is presented in he author uses both MAX30100 and
Lm35, so the author is measuring, but they show thevalue on the website, not on the mobile
applications that are more widely available to people measure heartbeat and body temperature
but not the oxygen level and also do not show the data in the mobile app or on the LCD
display.
.

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LITERATURE REVIEW
1. The study of “IoT” was comprehensive and montages relations and constraints. The main
goal of “IoT” is to ensure that, in conjunction with “electronic sensor” devices, Internet-
based communications and the sending and reception of information are conventionally
accessible.
2.In a report “28.4 billion IoT users in 2017 and by 2020 they are going up to 50.1 billion”
remained the result of one report. “IoT”, according to scientific charity, provides a range of
services. “Wi-Fi, mobile phone, NFC, GPS etc.” is continuity of contact.
The IoT main aim,though, is to incorporate organizations, mechanization so that messages can
be transmitted
without interruptions, compared to software creation; the start of the programmed .
frequently recycled sensors with accelerometers, compression-embedding camps such as the
3.“MCUS, MPUs”The services have improved “intelligent fitness, transportation, grids,
parking and intelligent homes.” Therefore, the core goal of IoT is to combine organizations
and mechanization in order to provide messages continuously.
4.“IoT phase is divided into criteria, specifications and implementation” is comparable to
software development overall. An essential method is the final section containing the
company process. “H.”.
In order to understand the specifications of any IoT project Eskelinen
submitted two questions and included them in the design phase. These moments of
designbased science lead to adequate exploration of the following concepts, before the
construction is funded, a strategy needs to be created that blends realistic goals with theory,
and one has to bear in mind at the same time that real life is a research centre.
Systematic and professional testing methods should be carried out. The designs should always
be taken into account for any failure, and the designs chosen should be demonstrated to be
durable over time. While Saini et.al developed its healthcare system, the consumer was the
subject of the study: the programmed specifications used a basic design methodology similar
to typical software development courses.
5.The WSN is a significant part of IoT, and it also plays an important role in its healthcare
applications. They are known for their high-end and miscellany wireless
systems over other regular devices. Working on the WSN for pulse rates and oxygen saturation
was emphasized by Rotariu and Manta in 2012.

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IOT BASED PATIENT MONITORING SYSTEM
Patients with severe injuries or from certain areas may have difficulty reaching the hospital.
Therefore, they can use video conferencing to communicate with their doctors to improve their
health while saving money and time. Patients can use this technology to record their health
conditions on their phones.
It is anticipated that the benefits of the IoT will be improved and result in individualized
treatment, improving patient outcomes while saving healthcare management costs. IoT
systems allow physicians to keep an eye on their patients remotely and schedule their
appointments more efficiently. Patients also can improve their home healthcare to reduce their
need for doctor visits and the likelihood of receiving unnecessary or inappropriate medical
treatments in hospitals or clinics. For this reason, the quality of medical care and the overall
safety of patients may improve, while the overall cost of care may decrease. The IoT holds
significant potential in healthcare .
It will not be long before we have access to a health-monitoring system that can be used from
the comfort of our homes and streamline hospital processes. IoT sensors should be densely
deployed to monitor the body and environment continuously. This effort will enable the
tracking of chronic-disease management and rehabilitation progress. In the future of virtual
consultations for remote medical care, the IoT will be able to provide efficient data
connections from multiple locations.
Most of the current implementations of the IoT and research on it are undeveloped and focus
on deploying and configuring technology in various contexts and conditions. However, these
practices are not widely used today. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate related research on
designing and implementing an IoT-based healthcare-monitoring system that improves quality
of life.
These systems rely heavily on IoT devices and sensors to connect patients with the healthcare
providers best suited for their care.
The main contribution of this research paper is to highlight IoT-based healthcare-monitoring
systems in detail so that future researchers, academicians, and scientists can easily find a
roadmap to understand the current healthcare-monitoring systems and can easily provide
solutions and enhancements for such critical applications. In this research paper, we provide a
general idea of IoT-based healthcare-monitoring systems in a systematic way, along with their
benefits and significance, and a literature review. Moreover, we discuss the concepts of
wearable things in healthcare systems from an IoT perspective. The paper also provides a
classification of healthcare-monitoring sensors, addresses security and protocols for IoT
healthcare-monitoring systems, and details challenges and open issues. We also suggest
solutions to overcome these challenges and issues in the future.

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Fig.1.1

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ARCHITECTURE OH HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM
The architecture of an IoT-based health monitoring system which can be used in smart
hospitals or home is shown in figure. In such systems, patient health related information is
recorded by body-worn or implanted sensors, with which the patient is equipped for personal
monitoring of multiple parameters. This health data can be also supplemented with context
information (e.g., date, time, location temperature).Context-awareness enables to identify
unusual patterns and make more precise inferences about the situation. Other sensors and
actuators (e.g., medical equipment) can be also connected to the systems to transmit data to
medical staff such as high-resolution images (e.g., CAT scan, magnetic resonance imaging).
The system architecture includes the following main components
:1) Medical Sensor Network: Enabled by the ubiquitous identification, sensing, and
communication capacity ,biomedical and context signals are captured from the body/room
used for treatment and diagnosis of medical states. The signal is then transmitted to the
gateway via wireless or wired communication protocols such as Serial, SPI, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi
or IEEE 802.15.4.
2) Smart e-Health Gateway: The gateway, which sup-ports different communication
protocols, acts as the touching point between a sensor network and the local switch/Internet. It
receives data from different sub-networks, performs protocol conversion, and provides other
higher level services such as data aggregation, filtering and dimensionality reduction.
3) Back-End System: The back-end of the system consists of the two remaining components
and a cloud computing platform that includes broadcasting, data warehouse and Big Data
analytic servers, and finally Web clients as a graphical user interface for final visualization
and apprehension. The collected health and context information represents a vital source of
big data for the statistical and epidemiological medical research (e.g., detecting approaching
epidemic diseases).As can be noticed from the figure, the strategic location of the smart
gateway can be exploited by offering many higher level services to enhance the system
characteristics in many different aspects.

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Fig 1.2

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ADVANTAGES OF HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM
1. Remote monitoring: Real-time remote monitoring via connected IoT devices and
smart alerts can diagnose illnesses, treat diseases, and save lives in case of a
medical emergency.
2. Prevention: Smart sensors analyze health conditions, lifestyle choices, and the
environment and recommend preventative measures, which will reduce the
occurrence of diseases and acute states.
3. Reduction of healthcare costs: IoT reduces costly visits to doctors and hospital
admissions and makes testing more affordable
.
4. Medical data accessibility: Accessibility of electronic medical records allow
patients to receive quality care and help healthcare providers make the right medical
decisions and prevent complications.
5. Improved treatment management: IoT devices help track the administration of
drugs and the response to the treatment and reduce medical errors. Using IoT
devices, healthcare authorities can get valuable information about equipment and
staff effectiveness and use it to suggest innovations
6. Research: Since IoT devices are can collect and analyze a massive amount of data,
they have a high potential for medical research purposes.

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DISADVANTAGES OF HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM
1. Security and privacy: Security and privacy remain a major concern deterring users
from using IoT technology for medical purposes, as healthcare monitoring solutions
have the potential to be breached or hacked. The leak of sensitive information about the
patient’s health and location and meddling with sensor data can have grave
consequences, which would counter the benefits of IoT.
2. Risk of failure: Failure or bugs in the hardware or even power failure can impact the
performance of sensors and connected equipment placing healthcare operations at risk.
In addition, skipping a scheduled software update may be even more hazardous than
skipping a doctor’s checkup.
3. Integration: There’s no consensus regarding IoT protocols and standards, so devices
produced by different manufacturers may not work well together. The lack of
uniformity prevents full-scale integration of IoT, therefore limiting its potential
effectiveness.
4. Cost: While IoT promises to reduce the cost of healthcare in the long term, the cost of
its implementation in hospitals and staff training is quite high.

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FUTURE SCOPE
In the future, IoT can make the healthcare industry more efficient, accurate, and cheaper. It
can also help in developing more patient-oriented and customized equipment. Moreover, IoT
will also help patients to have hassle-free visits to hospitals, easy treatments, and access to
more and more information. It will also help people to get better access to data and to give
personalized care, and as a result, patients will have fewer visits to the hospitals.
The IoT framework utilized for Healthcare applications aids in integrating the advantages of
IoT technology and cloud computing with the field of medicine. It also lays out the treaties
for transmitting the patient's data from numerous sensors and medical devices to a given
Healthcare network.
A system of wirelessly correlated physical devices that exchange data has changed the
healthcare industry is known as IoT — and it shows no signs of stopping.Healthcare IoT, also
associated with the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), has enabled remote patient care,
advanced hospital and pharmaceutical procedures, and enhanced data accuracy. The hospital
hygiene monitoring tools help prevent patient infections, whereas IoT devices in hospitals aid
in controlling refrigerator temperatures, expediting emergency care, and things of that nature.

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APPLICATION
1. Implantable Glucose Monitoring Systems
Patients who suffer from diabetes can have devices with sensors implanted in them, just below
their skin. The sensors in the devices will send information to a patient’s mobile phone when
his or her glucose levels get too low and will record historical data for them too. This way,
patients will also be able to tell when they are most likely to be at risk for low glucose levels in
the future, as well as in the present.
2. Activity Trackers During Cancer Treatment
Usually the right treatment for a cancer patient relies on more than just his or her weight and
age. Their lifestyles and fitness levels also play a huge role in what the proper treatment plan
for them will entail. Activity trackers track a patient’s movements, fatigue levels, appetite, etc.
Plus, the data collected from the tracker prior to treatment and after treatment has started will
tell healthcare professionals what adjustments need to be made to the recommended treatment
plan.
3. Heart Monitors with Reporting
Patients can wear devices that monitor their heart rates, and that can determine whether they
have high blood pressure. Healthcare providers will have access to reporting of patient’s heart
monitor data when they need to pull it during checkups and exams. The wearable devices can
even alert healthcare professionals when patients are experiencing arrhythmias, palpitations,
strokes, or full-blown heart attacks. Ambulances can then be dispatched in a timely fashion,
which can be the difference between life and death.
4. Medical Alert Systems
Individuals can wear something that looks like jewelry but is designed to alert family
members or friends in case of an emergency. For instance, if an individual is wearing a
medical alert bracelet and fell out of bed in the middle of the night, the people they designate
to help in the case of an emergency would be immediately notified on their smartphones that
their help was needed.

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5. Ingestible Sensors
Patients can now swallow devices with sensors that look like pills. Once the sensors are
ingested, they relay information to a patient’s mobile app that will help them follow the
proper dosages for their medications. Most medications aren’t taken as prescribed due to
forgetfulness or other human error. This ingestible sensor works to ensure patients are taking
the right medications, at the right time, in the right dosages. Some ingestible sensors are also
being used to more accurately diagnose patnts with things like irritable bowel syndrome and
colon cancer.
6. Medication Dispensers
Devices can now be implanted in a patient that dispense medication in steady doses
throughout the day. Patients will be notified when they need to refill their medications.
Doctors can also be informed of missed doses during routine visits.
7. Wireless Sensors
Wireless sensors are being used in labs and hospital refrigerators to ensure blood samples,
chilled medications, and other biomedical materials are always kept at the proper
temperatures.

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CONCLUSION
1. In the current scenario, advanced information technologies have opened a new door to
innovation in our daily lives. Out of these information technologies, the Internet of
Things is an emerging technology that provides enhancement and better solutions in
the medical field, like proper medical record-keeping, sampling, integration of devices,
and causes of diseases.
2. IoT’s sensor-based technology provides an excellent capability to reduce the risk of
surgery during complicated cases and helpful for COVID-19 type pandemic. In the
medical field, IoT’s focus is to help perform the treatment of different COVID-19 cases
precisely. It makes the surgeon job easier by minimising risks and increasing the
overall performance. By using this technology, doctors can easily detect changes in
critical parameters of the COVID-19 patient.
3. This information-based service opens up new healthcare opportunities as it moves
towards the best way of an information system to adapt world-class results as it enables
improvement of treatment systems in the hospital. Medical students can now be better
trained for disease detection and well guided for the future course of action. IoT’s
proper usage can help correctly resolve different medical challenges like speed, price,
and complexity.
4. It can easily be customised to monitor calorific intake and treatment like asthma,
diabetes, and arthritis of the COVID-19 patient. This digitally controlled health
management system can improve the overall performance of healthcare during
COVID-19 pandemic days.

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