Rene Descartes was a French mathematician and philosopher born in 1596. He is considered the father of modern philosophy and analytical geometry. Descartes made significant contributions to mathematics and the sciences by developing analytical geometry, which uses coordinates to represent geometric shapes algebraically. He also believed that all experiences could be organized and understood through mathematical laws. Descartes traveled extensively throughout his life, seeking out other thinkers, and lived in Holland for over 20 years where he did much of his writing. He died in 1650 in Sweden at the age of 53.