Drones, Drones in India, Rules for Flying a Drone in India (Regulatory Policies), Drone Categories in India, Drone Policies of Government of India, Draft Drone Policy 2.0, Salient Features of Draft Drone Policy 2.0
Power Presentation on UAVs.Basically covering all the informative topics related to UAVs.Starting from different terminology and ending up to future vision and advantages.
It is actually a fully made presentation one can directly use to present it.It contains pictures so by the use of it one can able to understand each and every line in the particular slide.
It is a presentation on the drone, UAV, fixed wing, application of drone, fix wing drone, surveillance using a drone, agriculture using a drone, mapping with a drone, research with a drone, military drone usage, types of UAV
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are aircrafts that fly without any humans being onboard. They are either remotely piloted, or piloted by an onboard computer. This kind of aircrafts can be used in different military missions such as surveillance, reconnaissance, battle damage assessment, communications relay, minesweeping, hazardous substances detection and radar jamming. However they can be used in other than military missions like detection of hazardous objects on train rails and investigation of infected areas. Aircrafts that are able of hovering and vertical flying can also be used for indoor missions like counter terrorist operations.
Drones, Drones in India, Rules for Flying a Drone in India (Regulatory Policies), Drone Categories in India, Drone Policies of Government of India, Draft Drone Policy 2.0, Salient Features of Draft Drone Policy 2.0
Power Presentation on UAVs.Basically covering all the informative topics related to UAVs.Starting from different terminology and ending up to future vision and advantages.
It is actually a fully made presentation one can directly use to present it.It contains pictures so by the use of it one can able to understand each and every line in the particular slide.
It is a presentation on the drone, UAV, fixed wing, application of drone, fix wing drone, surveillance using a drone, agriculture using a drone, mapping with a drone, research with a drone, military drone usage, types of UAV
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are aircrafts that fly without any humans being onboard. They are either remotely piloted, or piloted by an onboard computer. This kind of aircrafts can be used in different military missions such as surveillance, reconnaissance, battle damage assessment, communications relay, minesweeping, hazardous substances detection and radar jamming. However they can be used in other than military missions like detection of hazardous objects on train rails and investigation of infected areas. Aircrafts that are able of hovering and vertical flying can also be used for indoor missions like counter terrorist operations.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are aircrafts that fly without any humans being onboard. They are either remotely piloted, or piloted by an onboard computer. This kind of aircrafts can be used in different military missions such as surveillance, reconnaissance, battle damage assessment, communications relay, minesweeping, hazardous substances detection and radar jamming. However they can be used in other than military missions like detection of hazardous objects on train rails and investigation of infected areas. Aircrafts that are able of hovering and vertical flying can also be used for indoor missions like counter terrorist operations.
Phantom 4 was released in 2016, this iconic drone is still respected for its durability, fast flight speeds, crispy 4k footage, and motors that give it increased stability in less than ideal conditions. Take a look inside of a DJI Phantom 4 to see how all the components work together to make this drone stay airborne.
Drones used in every field , in order to get suitable drone for suitable business, it is essential to check before buying. You must have knowledge about drones,its types and its features. In this presentation we have discussed basic things about drone, its features, advantages,disadvantages and types of drones. Also check our website to know more about best drone advisor and drones.
This slideshow was made for an invited talk at a local radio club that took place in early 2013. It introduces the methods of navigation and gives overview on the role of aerodrome and airspace traffic control.
This powerpoint has some copyrighted materials which I don't have copyright for. Please msg/comment to let me know so I can amend/delete it.
PRESENTATION BY P. XEFTERIS AND C. DIONISIO FOR THE ITALIAN INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION. IT PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF ISSUES RELATED TO OPERATIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR CARGO TRANSPORT UAVs OVER 150kG MGTW
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are aircrafts that fly without any humans being onboard. They are either remotely piloted, or piloted by an onboard computer. This kind of aircrafts can be used in different military missions such as surveillance, reconnaissance, battle damage assessment, communications relay, minesweeping, hazardous substances detection and radar jamming. However they can be used in other than military missions like detection of hazardous objects on train rails and investigation of infected areas. Aircrafts that are able of hovering and vertical flying can also be used for indoor missions like counter terrorist operations.
Phantom 4 was released in 2016, this iconic drone is still respected for its durability, fast flight speeds, crispy 4k footage, and motors that give it increased stability in less than ideal conditions. Take a look inside of a DJI Phantom 4 to see how all the components work together to make this drone stay airborne.
Drones used in every field , in order to get suitable drone for suitable business, it is essential to check before buying. You must have knowledge about drones,its types and its features. In this presentation we have discussed basic things about drone, its features, advantages,disadvantages and types of drones. Also check our website to know more about best drone advisor and drones.
This slideshow was made for an invited talk at a local radio club that took place in early 2013. It introduces the methods of navigation and gives overview on the role of aerodrome and airspace traffic control.
This powerpoint has some copyrighted materials which I don't have copyright for. Please msg/comment to let me know so I can amend/delete it.
PRESENTATION BY P. XEFTERIS AND C. DIONISIO FOR THE ITALIAN INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION. IT PROVIDES AN OVERVIEW OF ISSUES RELATED TO OPERATIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR CARGO TRANSPORT UAVs OVER 150kG MGTW
AE8006- UAV Unit -V( The development of UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) System)...BradHadden
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Are you in utter need of a drone survey company in India that can capture aerial photos and digital data of land, buildings, and other features from a bird's eye view? Well, the Garud survey can help. When carried out as a topographical survey, topographic survey, geotechnical survey, or geographical study, these (Drone surveying) techniques also save us time.
OBJECTIVE
Familiarization of the student with avionics suite of Boeing-777 a 4th generation aircraft comprising of following Subsystems:
1) HMI
2) AIRDATA System
3) Radar System
4) Communication system
5) Navigation system
6) Computer(s)
7) Data bus(es)
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
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Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
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At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
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Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
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Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
1. By
Dr. Rishi Kumar Sinha
SM (ATC)
Remotely Piloted Aircraft System
3/13/2021
2. 3/13/2021
Objective
History of RPA
Advantages and Disadvantages of RPA
RPAS and its components
General and Operational Requirements to operate RPAS
Process of submission of RPA FPL
ATC Preparedness to RPAS
Future Challenges for RPAS
3. 3/13/2021
The earliest attempt at a powered unmanned aerial
vehicle was A. M. Low’s “Aerial Target” in 1916.
After World War-I, including the first scale RPV,
developed by Enthusiast Reginald Denny in 1935.
The birth of U.S. UAV”s began in 1959 when United
States Air Force officers, concerned about losing pilots
over hostile territory.
In 1964, U.S. Navy initiated America’s highly classified
UAVs into their first combat missions of the Vietnam War.
Birth of RPA’s
5. Immoral
Civilian causalities
Can be hacked or given viruses
Too small for transportation of materials
Low resistance to weather
Cannot refuel in flight
If contact is lost with the ground station, the vehicle
may be lost.
Many people may not like due infringement upon
sovereignty. 3/13/2021
Disadvantages
6. Aeronautical Development Establishment (ADE) is a key Aeronautical Systems Design House
involved in the design and development of the state-of-the-art Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and
Aeronautical Systems and technologies to meet the requirements of the Indian Armed forces.
3/13/2021
9. 3/13/2021
Autonomous a/c an unmanned aircraft
that does not allow pilot intervention in the
management of the flight.
Modal a/c defined by purpose as an RPA
used for sport or recreation.
Non-flying
Flying
Drones Referred as UAV (Unmanned Aerial
Vehicle). It stands for Dynamic Remotely
Operated Navigation Equipment. Its flight is either
controlled autonomously by computers or under
remote control of a pilot on the ground.
RPA An unmanned aircraft which
is piloted from a remote pilot
station operated with no pilot on
board excluding model and toy
aircraft.
10. 3/13/2021
An aircraft and its associated elements, which are operated with no pilot on board is
called as Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS). There are three subsets of Unmanned
Aircraft,
a) Remotely Piloted Aircraft ,
b) Autonomous Aircraft and
c) Model Aircraft.
Drone is a layman terminology for Unmanned Aircraft (UA).
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS)
11. 3/13/2021
The RPAS (It is subset of UAS ) consists of three main components:
The Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA),
The Remote Pilot Station (RPS) and the
Command and Control Link (C2).
Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA)
The RPA has a similar physical structure as an airplane, except
for the cockpit, can have different shapes and sizes, ranging from a small
craft that fits in your hand to a normal passenger jet such as the B737 or
A320. They also have different flight endurance, performances and
capabilities.
Remote Pilot Station (RPS):
The RPS is the component of the RPAS which is located outside
of the aircraft and is used by a remote pilot to monitor and fly the RPA. It
may be located inside or outside of a building, and be stationary or mobile
(installed in a vehicle/ship/aircraft).
Remote Pilot Aircraft Systems (RPAS)
12. 3/13/2021
Command and Control (C2) Data Link:
The C2 link is critical point of the RPAS system link between
the RPS and the RPA for the purpose of managing the flight. It may
operate in visual line of sight (VLOS), direct radio line-of-sight
(RLOS) or beyond radio line-of-sight (BRLOS).
13. 3/13/2021
Visual line-of-sight
(VLOS) operation:
An operation in
which the remote
pilot or RPA
observer maintains
direct unaided visual
contact with the
remotely piloted
aircraft.
Radio line-of-sight
(RLOS) operation:
Refers to the
situation in which
the transmitter(s)
and receiver(s) are
within mutual radio
link coverage and
thus able to
communicate
directly.
14. 3/13/2021
Beyond Radio line-of-sight (BRLOS) operation : includes all
satellite systems and possibly any system where an RPS
communicates with one or more ground stations via a terrestrial
network which cannot complete transmissions in a timeframe
comparable to that of an RLOS system.
15. 3/13/2021
The following components may be part of the RPAS:
ATC communications and surveillance equipment.
SSR transponder (Mode ‘C’ or ‘S’) or ADS-B OUT
equipment;
navigation equipment;
launch and recovery equipment;
flight control computer (FCC), flight management system
(FMS) and autopilot;
system health monitoring equipment;
flight termination system.
Other Components of RPAS
16. 3/13/2021
i) Nano : ≤ 250 gm.
ii) Micro : > 250 gm ≤ 2 kg.
iii) Small : > 2 kg ≤ 25 kg.
iv) Medium : > 25 kg ≤ 150 kg.
v) Large : > 150 kg.
Categories of RPAS
Civil RPA is categorized in accordance with Maximum
All-Up-Weight (including payload)
Payload: All components of equipment on board the Unmanned Aircraft that
are not needed for the flight or its control. It is usually counted outside
of the weight of the UAV itself.
17. 3/13/2021
Quiz Time
A. RPAS has how many components.
1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. No component
B. UAV is subset of RPA………..True/False
C. Small RPA category is > 2Kg ≤ 45 Kg…….True/False
D. Full form of VLOS is….
18. 3/13/2021
RPA operation shall be restricted to Indian territorial
airspace
No RPA shall be operated:
a) beyond 500 m from coastline into the sea; and
b) within 25 km from International Border.
Remote Pilot Station shall be located on ground and
shall not be onboard any moving or stationary vehicle,
ship or aircraft.
Height of operation of RPA shall be restricted to below
400 ft AGL.
General Requirements
19. 3/13/2021
RPA operation shall be conducted within Visual Line
of Sight (VLOS) of the remote pilot, only in VMC.
RPAS operation shall be conducted only during
daylight; i.e. between sunrise and sunset.
Launch and recovery sites for RPAS operation shall
be under the full control of the RPAS operator.
Continue….
20. 3/13/2021
No RPA shall be operated:
Within a distance of 5 km from the perimeter of airports
at Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Kolkata, Bengaluru and
Hyderabad;
Within a distance of 3 km from the perimeter of any
civil, private or defence airports.
Above the applicable Obstacle Limitation Surfaces
(OLS) and PANS-OPS surfaces.
Within permanent or temporary Prohibited, Restricted
and Danger Areas.
Operating Requirements
21. 3/13/2021
Within 3 km from perimeter of military installations and
facilities.
Within 5 km radius from Vijay Chowk in Delhi.
Within 2 km from perimeter of strategic locations/ vital
installations notified by Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA);
Within 3 km from radius of State Secretariat Complex
in State Capitals; and Over eco-sensitive zones around
National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries
Continue….
22. 3/13/2021
General Operating Procedures
All RPA shall obtain Unique Identification Number (UIN)
from DGCA except
RPA in Nano category fly upto 50 feet.
RPA owned or operated by NTRO, ARC and Central
Intelligence Agencies,
All RPA shall obtain Unmanned Aircraft Operator Permit
(UAOP) from DGCA except
Nano RPA operating below 50 feet and Micro RPA
below 200 feet
RPA owned or operated by NTRO, ARC and Central
Intelligence Agencies,.
23. 3/13/2021
All RPA operators shall inform the concerned local
police office except for Nano RPA operating below 50
ft AGL,
Except for Remote Pilots intending to operate Nano
or Micro RPAs all remote pilots shall have attained
18 years of age,
passed 10th class exam in English,
undergone ground and practical training
Following shall be fully aware of responsibilities for
all aspects of flight safety during such operations
Owner,
Operator and
Remote Pilot of Nano and Micro RPAs operating
in uncontrolled airspace
.
24. 3/13/2021
All RPAs except Nano shall be equipped with the
following serviceable components/ equipment:
a) GNSS for horizontal and vertical position fixing
b) Autonomous Flight Termination System or Return
Home (RH) option
c) Flashing anti-collision strobe lights
d) RFID and GSM SIM Card
e) NPNT compliance for application-based real time
tracking
f) Fire resistant identification plate inscribed with UIN
g) Flight controller with flight data logging capability
25. 3/13/2021
There should be two way communication with
Remote Pilot and ATS unit.
Remote Pilots shall prefix RPA call-sign with the
word UNMANNED during voice communications
between ATC and the Remote Pilot Station.
Except for flights of Nano and Micro, RPA operators
are required to file flight plan at least 24 hours before
estimated time of departure and obtain
ATC briefing,
MET briefing
ATC clearance from the nearest ATC Unit,
ADC and
FIC
26. 3/13/2021
The UAOP shall be issued by DGCA within 7 working
days
Validity of the UAOP shall be for a period of five years
from the date of issue.
The UAOP shall be non-transferrable.
No person shall act as a remote pilot for more than one
RPA operation at a time.
RPA shall not discharge or drop substances unless
specially cleared and mentioned in UAOP.
RPA shall not transport any hazardous material such as
explosives or animal or human payload.
27. 3/13/2021
Submission and Processing of FPL
Flight Plans shall be filed in ICAO model flight plan format.
UIN of the RPA shall be used as aircraft identification
The nationality mark for Unmanned acft. registered in India
is U followed by alpha-numeric characters i.e. between 0 to 9
or A to Z e.g. UB67DFC
The following additional information should be included in
the flight plan (item 18) :
a) Category of RPAS (Nano/Micro/Small/Medium/Large)
b) Type of Operation (VLOS / BVLOS / BRLOS)
c) Name of Operator and UAOP number
d) Contact number of Remote Pilot
28. 3/13/2021
e) Purpose of Flight
f) Payload information
g) Autonomous Flight Termination / Return Home
capability
h) Geo-fencing capability
i) Detect and Avoid capability
Geo-fencing: uses GPS or radio frequency identification to define geographical
boundaries. Ex -A sporting event can use geo-fencing to create a temporary no-
fly zone that prevents drones from crossing a defined perimeter.
Return-home: is a configuration that would allow an RPAS to autonomously
return to the launch position or instead to an alternative location.
Detect and avoid (DAA): The capability to see, sense or detect conflicting traffic
or other hazards and take the appropriate action to comply with the applicable
rules of flight.
Continued….
29. 3/13/2021
The RPA operator shall follow following aspects for safe
operation of RPA
a) Launch and recovery of RPA;
b) Collision Avoidance with other manned aircraft,
unmanned aircraft and obstacles;
c) Noise abatement;
d) Mitigation of hazard to persons or property;
e) Local airspace restrictions;
f) Right-of-way;
30. 3/13/2021
g) Compliance to NPNT requirements;
h) Carriage of Payload;
i) Protection of privacy of persons;
j) Submission of Flight Plan;
k) Communication with ATC; and
l) RPA emergency including loss of C2 link and
safe recovery of RPA in case RPA system failure
In the event of cancellation of flight operation, the applicant
should intimate on Digital Sky platform.
NPNT or 'No Permission – No Take-off” is a software program that enables
every RPA (except Nano) to obtain valid permissions through digital sky
platform before operating in India, it is an integral part of legal drone flight in
India.
31. 3/13/2021
Operational Approval through Digital Sky Platform
Digital Sky Platform: It is an online IT platform developed for handling
UIN, UAOP applications, permission to fly RPAs in India, available in
Homepage of DGCA
Except for flights of Nano RPA and RPA owned or operated by
NTRO, ARC and Central Intelligence Agencies, shall obtain permission
through Digital Sky Platform.
RPA Operators are required to submit flight plan of intended RPA
flights through Digital Sky Platform. Digital Sky will indicate whether
the proposed flight falls in RED, AMBER or GREEN Zones,
32. 3/13/2021
RED zones: Operation of RPA flights are not allowed
unless exempted by appropriate authority
AMBER Zone: are permitted to operate subject to
eligibility and clearance from appropriate authorities
including ATC, Air Defence authorities and/or local
administration
GREEN Zone: indicates unrestricted access to RPA
flights.
33. 3/13/2021
Quiz Time
A. No RPA shall be operated within …….from international border
1. 25 km
2. 35 km
3. 45 km
4. 55 km
B. Height of Operation of RPA shall be restricted to below 500 ft AGL
…..True/False
C. All RPA shall obtain UIN from DGCA except
1. Nano
2. Micro
3. Small
4. Large
D. All RPA operators shall inform the concerned local police except for
Micro RPA……True/False
E. No RPA shall be operated above the OLS and PANS ops
sufaces……..True/False
34. 3/13/2021
Provision of Air Traffic Services
Unmanned aircraft will be allowed to operate in segregated
airspace clear of the flight paths of manned IFR flights.
RPAS operating in VLOS will be considered as VFR flights.
Such flights will be operating below 400 ft AGL in uncontrolled
and controlled airspace and below OLS/PANS-OPS surfaces in
the proximity of airports but outside the No Drone Zones (NDZ).
Flight crew of manned IFR and VFR flights should be aware of
the possibility of RPAS flights below 400 ft AGL.
RPA operator are required to obtain SSR code from the
nearest ATC centre prior to commencement of flight.
35. 3/13/2021
Operation of RPAS in test Sites
Testing and demonstration of RPAS at test sites with conditions
below:
a) Application for approval for conducting test flights should be
submitted to DGCA at least 30 days in advance.
b) Application for use of airspace around the test sites should
be submitted to Directorate of Airspace Management, AAI at
least 15 days in advance, along with a copy of approval from
DGCA.
c) AAI will issue NOTAM pertaining to the RPAS test flight
operation.
d) Operator to coordinate with controlling authorities of nearby
danger and restricted areas, and local police authorities before
undertaking the test flight.
36. 3/13/2021
RPA Operator shall carry out following safety risk
assessment of the operational procedures and launch and
recovery sites.
a) Hazard identification;
b) Determination of severity and likelihood of hazard
on the operation;
c) Mitigation measures to reduce the risk identified
d) Verification
Safety Risk Assessment by RPA Operator
37. 3/13/2021
ATC preparedness to handle RPAS
ATC Tasks:
Acceptance and Processing of Flight Plans
Issuance of FIC and ADC Number
Provide ATC and MET Briefing
Issuance of ATC Clearance
Tracking of RPA Movements
38. 3/13/2021
Unmanned Traffic coordination units (UCC) established
in ACC at Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore,
Shmashabad, Nagpur, Ahmadabad, Trivandrum, Cochin,
Mangalore, Varanasi and Guwahati.
Should ensure that every RPA FPL has an FIC and
ADC number allocated.
Will responsible to be to clear the error queue
pertaining to RPAS RPL.
Should provide avbl. inf. to RPAS operator reg. all
airspace activities in case of any request.
has a dedicated telephone number for the purpose
of unmanned traffic coordination.
39. 3/13/2021
Quiz Time
A. Approval for conducting test flight should be submitted to
DGCA atleast …in advance
1. 25 days
2. 30 days
3. 45 days
4. 60 days
B. RPAS category will be mentioned in item…….of Flight Plan.
1. 8
2. 10
3. 15
4. 18
C. RPA operators are required to submit flight plan of RPA flight through…..
D. Remote pilot shall prefix RPA call-sign with the word……..
40. 3/13/2021
Future Challenges….
The redefinition of airspace or introduction of new classifications of
airspace may be necessary for successful integration of RPAS.
RPAS flying in controlled airspace are not expected to be a major
issue but smaller RPAS are harder to detect and there is less knowledge
of their intended mission available to ATC.
Recreational users of RPAS lack aviation knowledge.
Cyber-risks are also high for RPAS operation.
A seamless integration into air traffic system with an equivalent level
of safety as a manned aircraft must be achieved.
RPAS capabilities will improve massively in :
drones flying much higher,
fuel cells increasing flight time and
carbon fibre construction causing detection
regulation needs to be prepared for these changes.
41. 3/13/2021
Conditional Exemption to Govt. entities for covid-19
related RPAS operations as per public Notice dated 2/5/2020
Govt. of India lays down a simplified procedure for grant of
conditional Exemption to govt. entities subject to following terms and
conditions:
The conditional exemption shall be limited to RPA (not exceeding
25 Kg) deployed by an Authorized entity for aerial surveillance,
aerial photography and public announcements related to COVID-
19.
The conditional exemption shall be limited to battery operated
rotary wing RPA only. Fixed-wing RPA and autonomous RPA etc. is
strictly prohibited.
The responsibility of safe operation of the RPA shall rest
entirely with the authorized entity.
Details of every RPA flight shall be uploaded on DGCA’s digital
sky platform within 7 days of undertaking the flight.
42. 3/13/2021
(G0258/20 NOTAMR G0257/20
Q) VIXX/QXXXX/IV/NBO/W/000/999/
A) VABF VECF VIDF VOMF
B) 2005051220 C) 2005312359
D) HJ
E) COVID-19:
1. OPERATION OF REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT (NOT EXCEEDING 25 KG) BY
GOVERNMENT AUTHORISED ENTITIES.
2. DAYTIME VISUAL LINE OF SIGHT (VLOS) OPERATION OF ROTARY-WING NANO,
MICRO AND SMALL CATEGORY REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT (RPA) FOR COVID-
19 RELATED MISSIONS AUTHORISED BEYOND 5 KM FROM PERIMETER OF
AIRPORTS AT BENGALURU, CHENNAI, DELHI, HYDERABAD, KOLKATAAND
MUMBAI AND 3 KM FROM PERIMETER OF OTHER AIRPORTS UPTO 200 FT AGL.
3. PILOTS TO EXERCISE CAUTION.)
NOTAM
GARUD is an acronym for ‘Government Authorisation for Relief Using
Drones is online portal to provide necessary approvals and fast track
conditional exemptions to government agencies for COVID-19 related
drone operations.
43. 3/13/2021
References
1. Unmanned Aircraft Systems
https://www.icao.int/Meetings/UAS/Documents/Circular%20328_en.pdf
2. REMOTELY PILOTED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM (RPAS) CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
(CONOPS) FOR INTERNATIONAL IFR OPERATIONS
https://www.icao.int/safety/UA/Documents/RPAS%20CONOPS.pdf
3. Manual on Remote Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS)
https://skybrary.aero/bookshelf/books/4053.pdf
4. DGCA RPAS Guidance Manual
https://diceindia.org.in/wp-content/uploads/Updated-DGCA-RPAS-Guidance-Manual.pdf
5. DGCA CAR over RPAS
https://urbantransportnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Govt.-of-India_Drone-Policy-
2018_Guidelines-for-Operation-of-Civil-Remotely-Piloted-Aircraft.pdf
6. AIP over RPAS
https://diceindia.org.in/wp-content/uploads/AAI-AIPS_2018_164-Procedures-for-Operations-
of-Civil-RPAS.pdf
7. Rule 15A of Aircraft Rules, 1937.