Presentation of the EFSA's second scientific conference, held on 14-16 October 2015 in Milan, Italy.
DRIVERS FOR EMERGING ISSUES IN ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH
This is a presentation about the culture and breeding aspects of Red Sea bream,Pagrus major (Chrysophrys major).This fish have high aquaculture Importance today because of its meat quality and high growth rate
A brief presentation on fish vaccination and its application particularly in Bangladesh. The overall process is described in a nutshell here. The types, procedure of formation, regulation, licensing and use are among them.
This is a presentation about the culture and breeding aspects of Red Sea bream,Pagrus major (Chrysophrys major).This fish have high aquaculture Importance today because of its meat quality and high growth rate
A brief presentation on fish vaccination and its application particularly in Bangladesh. The overall process is described in a nutshell here. The types, procedure of formation, regulation, licensing and use are among them.
‘Ghost Fishing’ is what fishing gear does when it has been lost, dumped or abandoned. Nets, long lines, fish traps or any man made contraptions designed to catch fish or marine organisms are considered capable of ghost fishing when unattended, and without anyone profiting from the catches, they are affecting already depleted commercial fish stocks
Broodstock And Hatchery Management Of Penaeus Monodonsush_p
Shrimp aquaculture is an important and valuable production sector that has been growing rapidly over the past two decades. Success is largely based on the quality of post larvae, particularly their health condition, thus making hatchery production of quality post larvae crucial to the sector’s sustainability. Vietnam is the leading producer of black tiger shrimp in the world with a production of 300,000 tons in 2011, followed by India and Indonesia with a production of 187,900 tons and 126,200 tons respectively.
Major contribution of the tiger shrimp to global shrimp production and the economic losses resulting from disease outbreaks, it is essential that the shrimp-farming sector invest in good management practices for the production of healthy and quality seed. The Indian shrimp hatchery industry has established a detailed guidance and protocols for improving the productivity, health management, biosecurity and sustainability of the sector. Following a brief review of shrimp hatchery development in India, the major requirements for hatchery production are discussed under the headings: infrastructure, facility maintenance, inlet water quality and treatment, wastewater treatment, biosecurity, standard operating procedures (SOPS), the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) approach, chemical use during the hatchery production process and health assessment. Pre-spawning procedures include the use of wild, domesticated and specific pathogen free/ specific pathogen resistant (SPF/SPR) broodstock, broodstock selection and holding techniques, transport, utilization, health screening, maturation, nutrition and spawning, egg hatching; nauplius selection, egg/ nauplius disinfection and washing and holding, disease testing and transportation of nauplii. Post-spawning procedures include: larval-rearing unit preparation, larval rearing/health management, larval nutrition and feed management, important larval diseases, quality testing/selection of PL for stocking, PL harvest and transportation, nursery rearing and record keeping.
The measures and methods adopted to secure a disease free environment in all phases of aquaculture practices (i.e. hatcheries, nurseries, grow-out farms) for improved profitability.
Canned fish are fish which have been processed, sealed in an airtight container such as a sealed tin can, and subjected to heat. Canning is a method of preserving food, and provides a typical shelf life ranging from one to five years.
Non-Infectious Disease
Not caused by pathogens
Cannot be transmitted to other species
Malnutrition, Avitaminoses, Heavy Metals etc. are responsible
Risk factors:
Genetics
Life-style
Environmental factors
Genetic Risk Factors
Determined by genes
Familial Disease Tendency
Disease runs in species
Recessive gene disorders
Down syndrome
Born with extra chromosome
Sex-linked disorders
Linked to x chromosome (female)
Can be recessive in females
Color blindness, hemophilia, & muscular dystrophy
Handling is very important if fishing activity from catching to deliver it at consumer level. In this assignment i tried to give some appropriate information about good handling practice in fisheries
Emerging and reemerging infectious diseasesarijitkundu88
Various emerging and reemerging diseases. Factors contributing to the emergence of infectious diseases. Antibiotic resistance. The global response to control them. Laboratories network in surveillance.
‘Ghost Fishing’ is what fishing gear does when it has been lost, dumped or abandoned. Nets, long lines, fish traps or any man made contraptions designed to catch fish or marine organisms are considered capable of ghost fishing when unattended, and without anyone profiting from the catches, they are affecting already depleted commercial fish stocks
Broodstock And Hatchery Management Of Penaeus Monodonsush_p
Shrimp aquaculture is an important and valuable production sector that has been growing rapidly over the past two decades. Success is largely based on the quality of post larvae, particularly their health condition, thus making hatchery production of quality post larvae crucial to the sector’s sustainability. Vietnam is the leading producer of black tiger shrimp in the world with a production of 300,000 tons in 2011, followed by India and Indonesia with a production of 187,900 tons and 126,200 tons respectively.
Major contribution of the tiger shrimp to global shrimp production and the economic losses resulting from disease outbreaks, it is essential that the shrimp-farming sector invest in good management practices for the production of healthy and quality seed. The Indian shrimp hatchery industry has established a detailed guidance and protocols for improving the productivity, health management, biosecurity and sustainability of the sector. Following a brief review of shrimp hatchery development in India, the major requirements for hatchery production are discussed under the headings: infrastructure, facility maintenance, inlet water quality and treatment, wastewater treatment, biosecurity, standard operating procedures (SOPS), the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) approach, chemical use during the hatchery production process and health assessment. Pre-spawning procedures include the use of wild, domesticated and specific pathogen free/ specific pathogen resistant (SPF/SPR) broodstock, broodstock selection and holding techniques, transport, utilization, health screening, maturation, nutrition and spawning, egg hatching; nauplius selection, egg/ nauplius disinfection and washing and holding, disease testing and transportation of nauplii. Post-spawning procedures include: larval-rearing unit preparation, larval rearing/health management, larval nutrition and feed management, important larval diseases, quality testing/selection of PL for stocking, PL harvest and transportation, nursery rearing and record keeping.
The measures and methods adopted to secure a disease free environment in all phases of aquaculture practices (i.e. hatcheries, nurseries, grow-out farms) for improved profitability.
Canned fish are fish which have been processed, sealed in an airtight container such as a sealed tin can, and subjected to heat. Canning is a method of preserving food, and provides a typical shelf life ranging from one to five years.
Non-Infectious Disease
Not caused by pathogens
Cannot be transmitted to other species
Malnutrition, Avitaminoses, Heavy Metals etc. are responsible
Risk factors:
Genetics
Life-style
Environmental factors
Genetic Risk Factors
Determined by genes
Familial Disease Tendency
Disease runs in species
Recessive gene disorders
Down syndrome
Born with extra chromosome
Sex-linked disorders
Linked to x chromosome (female)
Can be recessive in females
Color blindness, hemophilia, & muscular dystrophy
Handling is very important if fishing activity from catching to deliver it at consumer level. In this assignment i tried to give some appropriate information about good handling practice in fisheries
Emerging and reemerging infectious diseasesarijitkundu88
Various emerging and reemerging diseases. Factors contributing to the emergence of infectious diseases. Antibiotic resistance. The global response to control them. Laboratories network in surveillance.
"One Health in the Prevention and Control of Rabies"Abraham_Kidane
Presented by Dr Darin S. Carroll from CDC Chief of the Poxvirus and Rabies Branch during world Rabies Day event that was designed to bring human and animal health professionals together to realize joint prevention and control efforts in the country
FLI Seminar on different response strategies: Stamping out or NeutralizationHarm Kiezebrink
During this spring, American poultry producers are losing birds by the millions, due to the High Pathogenic Avian Influenza outbreaks on factory farms. USDA APHIS applied the stamping out strategy in an attempt to prevent the flu from spreading.
With stamping out as the highest priority of the response strategy, large numbers of responders are involved. With in average almost 1 million caged layers per farm in Iowa, there is hardly any room for a proper bio security training for these responders. And existing culling techniques had insufficient capacity, the authorities had to decide to apply drastic techniques like macerating live birds in order to take away the source of virus reproduction.
This strategy didn't work; on the contrary. Instead of slowing down the spreading of the virus, the outbreaks continue to reoccur and have caused death and destruction in 15 USA states, killing almost 50 million birds on mote than 220infected commercial poultry farms, all within a very small time frame.
The question is whether the priority of the response strategy should be on neutralizing the transmission routes instead of on stamping out infections after they occur. All indicators currently point out into the direction that the industry should prioritize on environmental drivers: the connection between outbreaks and wild ducks; wind-mediated transmission; pre-contact probability; on-farm bio security; transmission via rodents etc.
Once the contribution of each transmission route has been determined, a revolutionary new response strategy can be developed based on the principle of neutralizing transmission routes. Neutralizing risks means that fully new techniques need to be developed, based on culling the animals without human – to – animal contact; integrating detergent application into the culling operations; combining culling & disposal into one activity.
This new response strategy will be the main subject of the FLI Animal Welfare and Disease Control Seminar, organized at September 23, 2015 in Celle, Germany
Highlights on the EFSA Opinion on the appropriate age range for introduction ...EFSA EU
FENS 2019 - Dublin
Highlights on the EFSA Scientific Opinion on the appropriate age range for introduction of complementary feeding into an infant's diet, Prof M Fewtrell
Horizon scanning for emergence of new viruses in animal and public healthEFSA EU
Presentation of the EFSA's second scientific conference, held on 14-16 October 2015 in Milan, Italy.
DRIVERS FOR EMERGING ISSUES IN ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH
Presentation of the EFSA's second scientific conference, held on 14-16 October 2015 in Milan, Italy.
DRIVERS FOR EMERGING ISSUES IN ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH
Livestock disease drivers, ecology and pathogen evolutionEFSA EU
Presentation of the EFSA's second scientific conference, held on 14-16 October 2015 in Milan, Italy.
DRIVERS FOR EMERGING ISSUES IN ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH
Discovering novel pathways of cross-species pathogen transmissionEFSA EU
Presentation of the EFSA's second scientific conference, held on 14-16 October 2015 in Milan, Italy.
DRIVERS FOR EMERGING ISSUES IN ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH
People, animals, plants, pests and pathogens: connections matterEFSA EU
Presentation of the EFSA's second scientific conference, held on 14-16 October 2015 in Milan, Italy.
DRIVERS FOR EMERGING ISSUES IN ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH
Ang Chong Yi Navigating Singaporean Flavors: A Journey from Cultural Heritage...Ang Chong Yi
In the heart of Singapore, where tradition meets modernity, He embarks on a culinary adventure that transcends borders. His mission? Ang Chong Yi Exploring the Cultural Heritage and Identity in Singaporean Cuisine. To explore the rich tapestry of flavours that define Singaporean cuisine while embracing innovative plant-based approaches. Join us as we follow his footsteps through bustling markets, hidden hawker stalls, and vibrant street corners.
Key Features of The Italian Restaurants.pdfmenafilo317
Filomena, a renowned Italian restaurant, is renowned for its authentic cuisine, warm environment, and exceptional service. Recognized for its homemade pasta, traditional dishes, and extensive wine selection, we provide a true taste of Italy. Its commitment to quality ingredients and classic recipes has made it a adored dining destination for Italian food enthusiasts.
At Taste Of Middle East, we believe that food is not just about satisfying hunger, it's about experiencing different cultures and traditions. Our restaurant concept is based on selecting famous dishes from Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan, and other Arabic countries to give our customers an authentic taste of the Middle East
Piccola Cucina is regarded as the best restaurant in Brooklyn and as the best Italian restaurant in NYC. We offer authentic Italian cuisine with a Sicilian touch that elevates the entire fine dining experience. We’re the first result when someone searches for where to eat in Brooklyn or the best restaurant near me.
Roti Bank Hyderabad: A Beacon of Hope and NourishmentRoti Bank
One of the top cities of India, Hyderabad is the capital of Telangana and home to some of the biggest companies. But the other aspect of the city is a huge chunk of population that is even deprived of the food and shelter. There are many people in Hyderabad that are not having access to
Roti Bank Hyderabad: A Beacon of Hope and Nourishment
Relations between pathogens, hosts and environment
1. Relations between pathogens, hosts and environment:
joining up the dots
Prof. Matthew Baylis
Liverpool University Climate and Infectious Diseases of Animals
Department of Epidemiology and Population Health
Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool
matthew.baylis@liv.ac.uk
EFSA workshop, EXPO 2015, Milan 16/10/2015
4. Taxonomy DB (NCBI)
580566 ‘organisms’
Pubmed DB (NLM)
> 18 million publications
Mesh 2010 (NLM)
25588 terms
Other sources (e.g. Scopus, WOS etc.)
Programmes
Humans
ENHanCEd Infectious
Diseases (EID2)
database
ENHanCed Infectious
Diseases Database
WWW.ZOONOSIS.AC.UK/EID2
5. cat, dog,
cattle,
horse,
sheep, pig,
24 year old
male
la crosse virus
- united states
aedes
albopictus -
united states
la crosse virus
- aedes
albopictus
Data mining from NCBI
6. Big Data!
• 224,751 species in NCBI taxonomy database
• 39,238,061 sequences in NCBI nucleotide sequence
database
• 19,717,726 sequences linked to 171,967 species
• 2,706,620 had Host tag
• 6,714,520 had Country tag
• 6,473,167 publications in PubMed database
• 6,028,487 linked to 7,463 species
8. Why are pathogens shared?
birds
rodents
Large mammals
Are pathogens shared because:
hosts live together?
hosts are closely related?
one host eats the other?
13. Zoonotic pathogens
[1] 1,415 human pathogens, of which
868 (61%) HUMAN PATHOGENS ARE ZOONOTIC
[2] 706 pathogens of livestock and 456 of domestic carnivores
LIVESTOCK PATHOGENS: 46% INFECT HUMANS [EID2, 40%]
DOMESTIC CARNIVORE PATHOGENS: 70% INFECT HUMANS [EID2, 65%]
EID2 finds 43% of livestock/carnivore pathogens to infect humans
[1] Taylor et al (2001). Phil Trans Roy Soc B, 356, 983-989
[2] Cleaveland et al (2001). Phil Trans Roy Soc B, 356, 991-999
15. Global richness
Map of geographic origins of EID events, 1940-2004 (Jones et al, 2008, Nature)
16. Drivers of [human viral] disease emergence
(Based on Jones et al., 2008. Nature)
17. Some drivers of animal virus re-emergence
Example Drivers
Foot-and-
mouth, 2001
Feeding food waste to pigs; delayed detection of index farm; Extensive
animal movements; lack of standstills; no vaccination
Avian
influenza,
H5N1
Viral spread from wildlife to domestic animals; extensive mixing of
poultry species; extensive movements of poultry; reassortment of
viruses; bird migration
Chikungunya Spread of insect vector; viral evolution; tourism & travel
Tick-borne
encephalitis
Political change leading to Socioeconomic decline leading to Behavioural
change; climate change?
Ebola Viral dispersal in bats; bushmeat consumption; spread by health
workers; slow response time
African swine
fever
Global trade and travel; Feeding food waste to pigs; extensive animal
movements
Bluetongue-8 Climate change, global transport of livestock/midges/viruses
Schmallenberg Reassortment of viruses; global transport of livestock/midges/viruses
there is rarely a simple story with only one driver …….
20. Past trends in R0 - bluetongue
North-
western
Europe
South-
western
Europe
Full model (inc vector density) Reduced model (only VC)
21. Spread of infection - networks
Infection spreads from farm-to-farm
by three routes:
• Movement of cattle
– Cattle Tracing Scheme, 2006
• Movement of sheep
– Animal Movement Licensing Scheme, 2006
• Dispersal of vectors
– Non-directional (and follows a kernel!)
23. Climate change and BT dynamics
• Model is climate sensitive
– Temperature affects
• vectorial capacity
• vector seasonality
24. Simulating effect of temperature
change
-
3°
C
-
2°
C
-
1°
C
+1°
C
+2°
C
+3°
C
Baseline (2006)
25. Conclusions
• Animals are a major source of human pathogens – but we
have poor knowledge of the pathogens they harbour
• Big Data approaches can help identify new patterns
• Pathogen networks indicate that pathogens are shared with
close relatives, co-habitants and predator/prey
• Many factors drive the emergence of new pathogens; climate
change is one
• Climate change has driven the emergence of some vector-
borne diseases, such as bluetongue
• Transmission models indicate that bluetongue outbreaks will
be larger under warmer climates
26. Big thanks to
• Jo Turner
• Roger Bowers
• Anne Jones
• Andy Morse
• Georgette Kluiters
• Helene Guis
• Cyril Caminade