Regulation of biosimilars in India is overseen by the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO). Biosimilars must demonstrate similarity to an approved reference biologic in terms of quality, safety and efficacy through comparative clinical and preclinical studies. The guidelines allow for waiving late-stage clinical trials if early studies show high similarity. Three approval protocols exist based on whether the product is indigenous or imported and if the final product contains genetically modified organisms. Biosimilars offer to increase access to biologic treatments in India at a lower cost than originator biologics.
MARKETING AUTHORISATION, LICENSING AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF VACCINES IN INDI...Swapnil Fernandes
- European pharmaceutical legislation provides a comprehensive framework for the marketing authorisation of vaccines.
- In contrast to the European scenario, the Indian scenario for vaccines is relatively less regulated and follows the same process of approval as other biologics in spite of having a National Handbook for Vaccine Policy.
- Vaccine authorisation in the US, as is the case in EU, is a more straightforward process than in most other markets as the USFDA has provided vaccines with a distinct set of regulations in concerned areas of safety and quality.
This slide show reflects general considerations of Bio-availability & Bio-equivalence studies for orally administered drugs. The presentation also accommodates US - FDA's approach and specific recommendations for such studies.
Presentation at the Biosimilars and Follow-On Biologics 2014 Americas Conference, sponsored by Paradigm Global Events, February 12, 2014. Presentation focused on:
•Interchangeability
•State Substitution Laws
•Naming
•Risk Evaluation & Mitigation Strategies (REMS) and Their Impact on Biosimilars
•Where FDA Stands on Biosimilars
Herbal medicines are popular because of experience and the abundant
availability of plants in India due to its varied climatic zones. India has
around 45,000 species of plants, out of which 15,000–20,000 plants have
proven medicinal value.
MARKETING AUTHORISATION, LICENSING AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF VACCINES IN INDI...Swapnil Fernandes
- European pharmaceutical legislation provides a comprehensive framework for the marketing authorisation of vaccines.
- In contrast to the European scenario, the Indian scenario for vaccines is relatively less regulated and follows the same process of approval as other biologics in spite of having a National Handbook for Vaccine Policy.
- Vaccine authorisation in the US, as is the case in EU, is a more straightforward process than in most other markets as the USFDA has provided vaccines with a distinct set of regulations in concerned areas of safety and quality.
This slide show reflects general considerations of Bio-availability & Bio-equivalence studies for orally administered drugs. The presentation also accommodates US - FDA's approach and specific recommendations for such studies.
Presentation at the Biosimilars and Follow-On Biologics 2014 Americas Conference, sponsored by Paradigm Global Events, February 12, 2014. Presentation focused on:
•Interchangeability
•State Substitution Laws
•Naming
•Risk Evaluation & Mitigation Strategies (REMS) and Their Impact on Biosimilars
•Where FDA Stands on Biosimilars
Herbal medicines are popular because of experience and the abundant
availability of plants in India due to its varied climatic zones. India has
around 45,000 species of plants, out of which 15,000–20,000 plants have
proven medicinal value.
USFDA Approval Process For Drug Products & Biological Product i.e NDA Vs. BLA
Comparison of NDA and BLA application process in USA. IND, NDA, ANDA & BLA dossier submission procedure.
Regulations for drug approval in USA, E.U & India
Pharmaceutical industry is the most regulated of all the industries. Regulations are put in order to develop the most efficient and safe pharmaceutical products. It takes more than 8 to 15 years to develop a new drug product & costs more than $ 800 million.
Biosimilars are biological generics drugs.They undergo a rigorous evaluation to get approved.How to prove biosimilariy from analytical comparability is explained using a recently approved US FDA bio-similar monoclonal antibody.
USFDA Approval Process For Drug Products & Biological Product i.e NDA Vs. BLA
Comparison of NDA and BLA application process in USA. IND, NDA, ANDA & BLA dossier submission procedure.
Regulations for drug approval in USA, E.U & India
Pharmaceutical industry is the most regulated of all the industries. Regulations are put in order to develop the most efficient and safe pharmaceutical products. It takes more than 8 to 15 years to develop a new drug product & costs more than $ 800 million.
Biosimilars are biological generics drugs.They undergo a rigorous evaluation to get approved.How to prove biosimilariy from analytical comparability is explained using a recently approved US FDA bio-similar monoclonal antibody.
CDSCO Biologicals - Rules, Regulations, Guidelines and Standards for Regulato...Mohamed Fazil M
M. Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs (MRA)
1st Semester - Regulations and Legislation for Biologics (MRA 104T)
Unit 2 - Rules, Regulations, Guidelines and Standards for Regulatory Filing of Biologicals
CDSCO Biologicals
21CFR 320- BIO AVAILABILITY AND BIO EQUIVALENCE REQUIREMENTSPallavi Christeen
this presentation describes briefly about Bioavailability and Bioequivalence requirements as per US FDA Code of Federal Regulations under title 21 and chapter 320
“Evolution of biosimilar medicines assessment in Russia. Current practices and main challenges”
Illustrates the current Russian legislative scenario and ongoing developments on the regulation of biotherapeutics and biosimilars
An introductory presentation (ppt) on biosimilars and guidelines related to their approval along with the challenges faced by biosimilar industries in India.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
2. INTRODUCTION
A biosimilar is a biological medicine that is similar, but not
identical, to an already registered reference bio therapeutic
product in terms of quality, safety, and efficacy. These drugs may
be also called as biosimilar products.
India (CDSCO) Definition: Similar biologics- A biological
product/ drug produced by genetic engineering techniques and
claimed to be “similar” in terms of safety, efficacy and quality to
a reference biologic, which has been granted a marketing
authorization in India by DCGI on the basis of a complete
dossier, and with a history of safe use in India
3. A biosimilar is a biological medicine that is similar, but not identical, to
an already registered reference bio therapeutic product in terms of
quality, safety, and efficacy and intended to have the same mechanism
of action for the same diseases as the innovator biopharmaceutical
drugs .
These drugs may be also called as biosimilar products , follow-on
protein products and subsequent-entry biologics.
Biosimilar are generally exhibit high molecular complexity and may be
quite sensitive to changes in manufacturing processes, starting material
and method of control.
4. Biosimilar are biologic medical products whose active drug
substance are made by a living organism or derived from a living
organism by recombinant DNA or controlled gene expression
methods.
5. Regulatory Framework in India
Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO)
CDSCO, headed by the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) is
the apex regulatory body under Ministry of Health & Family
Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India which is responsible for
the approval of clinical trials as well as new drugs.
In the context of Similar Biologics, CDSCO is responsible for
clinical trial approval (also grants permission for import of drugs for
clinical trial and export of clinical samples for biochemical and
immunological analysis) and permission for marketing and
manufacturing.
CDSCO proposed guideline addresses the requirements regarding
manufacturing process, quality aspects, and pre-market regulatory
requirements including comparability exercise for quality, non-
clinical and clinical studies and post market regulatory requirements
6. Three other competent authorities are involved in the
approval process of biosimilar or Similar Biologics
products (SBPs).
1.Review Committee on Genetic Manipulation
(RCGM), which works under Department of
Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and
Technology.
2..Institutional Bio Safety Committee (IBSC)
3.Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
(GEAC), which functions under the
Department of Environment (DoE).
7. Application Regulation and
Guidelines
The Similar Biologics are regulated as per the Drugs and
Cosmetics Act, 1940,
The Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945 (as amended from time to
time)
Rules for the manufacture, use, import, export and storage of
hazardous microorganisms/ genetically engineered organisms or
cells, 1989 (Rules, 1989) notified under the Environment
(Protection) Act, 1986.
Recombinant DNA Safety Guidelines, 1990
8. Guidelines for generating preclinical and clinical data for rDNA
vaccines, diagnostics and other Biologicals, 1999
CDSCO guidance for industry, 2008:
Guidelines and Handbook for Institutional Biosafety Committees
(IBSCs),2011
Guidelines on Similar Biologics: Regulatory Requirements for
Marketing authorization in India 2012
Guidelines on Good Distribution Practice for Biological Products
Pharmacovigilance Requirement for Biological Products
9. Reference Biologic
Reference Biologic is an innovator's product approved after evaluation
of complete dossier is critical for the development of Similar Biologic.
The Reference Biologic has to be used in all the comparability exercises
with respect to quality, preclinical and clinical considerations.
The following factors should be considered for selection off the
Reference Biologic:
1.The Reference Biologic should be licensed / approved in India or
ICH countries and should be the innovator's product.
2.In case the Reference Biologic is not marketed in India, the
Biologic should have been licensed in an ICH countries.
10. 3. The Reference Biologic product can be imported for developing the
Similar Biologic for quality , pre-clinical and clinical comparability.
4. The same Reference Biologic should be used throughout the studies
supporting the safety, efficacy and quality of the product (i.e. in the
development Programme for the Similar Biologic).
5. The dosage form, strength and route of administration of the Similar
biologic should be the same as that of the Reference Biologic.
6. The active drug substance (active ingredient) of the reference biologic
and that of similar Biologic must shown to be similar.
11. Preclinical Studies
The preclinical studies should be conducted prior to the initiation of any clinical
studies , should be comparative in nature and designed to detect differences if any,
between the Similar Biologic and Reference Biologic.
The preclinical study design may vary depending upon the clinical parameters
such as therapeutic index, the type and number of indications applied.
Preclinical studies should be conducted with the final formulation of the Similar
Biologic intended for clinical use and for the Reference Biologic unless otherwise
justified.
The dosage form, dose, strength and route of administration of the Similar
Biologic should be the same as that of the Reference Biologic and in case of any
differences in these parameters, it should be justified. The following studies are
required for preclinical evaluation:
1. Pharmacodynamics Studies
2. Toxicological Studies
3. Immune Response in Animals
12. Pharmacodynamics Studies
In vitro studies: Comparability of test and reference biologic
should be established by in vitro cell based bioassay (e.g. cell
proliferation assays or receptor binding assays).
In vivo studies:
1.In vivo evaluation of biological/pharmacodynamics activity
may be dispensable if in vitro assays are available, which are
known to reliably reflect the clinically relevant
pharmacodynamics activity of the reference biologic.
2.In cases where the in-vitro assays do not reflect the
pharmacodynamics, in vivo studies should be performed.
13. Toxicological Studies
In case of in vivo toxicity studies, at least one repeat dose toxicity study
in a relevant species is required to be conducted.
The duration of the study would be generally not less than 28 days with
14 days recovery period.
Regarding the animal models to be used, the applicant should provide
the scientific justification for the choice of animal model(s) based on
the data available in scientific literature.
However if the relevant animal species is not available and has been
appropriately justified, the toxicity studies need to be undertaken in two
species i.e. one rodent and other non rodent species, as per the
requirements of Schedule Y
14. Immune Response in Animals
Antibody response to the Similar Biologic should be compared to that generated
by the reference Biologic in suitable animal model. The test serum samples
should be tested for reaction to host cell proteins.
For evaluating immune toxicity of the Similar Biologic under study, the results
of local tolerance (part of repeat dose or standalone test) should be analyzed
with the observations regarding immunogenicity in sub-chronic study.
Therefore, the immunogenicity testing should be included as part of the sub-
chronic repeated-dose study while developing the protocols.
The other parameters for evaluating immune toxicity include immune
complexes in targeted tissues may be considered while evaluating
histopathology observations, etc. After completion of preclinical studies the
reports are submitted to RCGM for review and consideration.
Other toxicity studies, including safety pharmacology, reproductive toxicity,
mutagenicity and carcinogenicity studies are not generally required for
evaluation of a Similar Biologics unless warranted by the results from the
repeated-dose toxicological studies.
15. Based on the successful evaluation of preclinical study reports including
demonstration of consistency of the process and product, product
characterization, product specifications and comparison of similar biologics to
reference Biologic.
RCGM will recommend the DCGI to allow the sponsor to conduct appropriate
phase of clinical trial as per the CDSCO requirements.
The applicant may submit parallel application to RCGM and office of DCGI
seeking approval to conduct clinical trial.
The office of DCGI shall complete the scrutiny of application and issue
permission, only after RCGM recommendation was received.
16. Data Requirement For Clinical Trial Application
Besides the information submitted in the preclinical application, the applicant has to
submit application for conduct of clinical trial as per the CDSCO guidance for industry,
2008.
The quality data submitted should indicate that there are no differences in Critical Quality
Attributes (CQAs), and that all Key Quality Attributes (KQAs) are well controlled in
order to allow the initiation of clinical evaluation.
Critical Quality Attributes(CQR): Critical Quality Attributes (CQA) are those Quality
Attributes which have direct impact on the clinical safety or efficacy. All attributes that
directly impact the known mechanism(s) of action of the molecule fall in this category.
CQAs must be controlled within limits that need to be established based on the Reference
Biologic.
Key Quality Attributes(KQA):Key Quality Attributes (KQA) are those Quality Attributes
which are not known to impact clinical safety and efficacy but are considered relevant
from a product and process consistency perspective. Attributes that do not impact the
known mechanism(s) of action of the molecule .fall in this category.
17. In Guidelines by CDSCO have established have different protocols for
approval of biosimilar. tНese protocols are as follow
Protocol I: Indigenous product development, manufacture and marketing
of pharmaceutical products derived from live modified organisms (LMOs),
where the end product is not an LMO
Protocol II: Indigenous product development, manufacture and marketing
of pharmaceutical products where the end product is not an LMO.
Protocol III: Import and marketing of pharmaceutical products in
finished formulations where the end product is an LMO .
Protocol IV: Import and marketing of pharmaceutical products in bulk for
making finished formulations where the end product is an LMO .
Protocol V: Import and marketing of pharmaceutical products derived
from LMOs in bulk and/or finished formulations where the end product is
not an LMO.
18. Protocol 1 : Indigenous product development, manufacture and marketing of pharmaceutical products
derived from live modified organisms (LMOs), where the end product is not an LMO
19. Protocol 2 : Indigenous product development, manufacture and marketing of
pharmaceutical products where the end product is not an LMO
20. Protocol 3 : Import and marketing of Pharma Products in Finished Formulations where the End
Product is a LMO
24. Waiver of safety and efficacy study
The confirmatory clinical safety and efficacy study can be waived If all the
below mentioned conditions are met:
Structural and functional comparability of Similar Biologic and Reference
Biologic can be characterized to a high degree of confidence by
physicochemical and in vitro techniques.
The Similar Biologic is comparable to Reference Biologic in all preclinical
evaluations conducted.
PK / PD study has demonstrated comparability of PD markers validated for
clinical outcome and has preferentially been done in an in-patient setting with
safety measurement (including meaningful immunogenicity assessment) for
adequate period justified by the applicant and efficacy/PD measurements.
A comprehensive post-marketing risk management plan that has been
presented to regulatory Body , which will gather additional safety data with
a specific emphasis on gathering immunogenicity data.
25. The confirmatory clinical safety and efficacy study cannot be waived especially
for large molecular weight biologics like Monoclonal antibodies.
In case, the safety and efficacy study is waived all the indications approved for
reference product may be granted based on comparable quality, non-clinical as
well as convincing PK/PD data.
Wherever the phase III trial is waived, the immunogenicity should have been
gathered in the PK/PD study and will also need to be generated during post-
approval Phase IV study.
The confirmatory clinical safety and efficacy study cannot be waived if there is no
reliable PD marker validated for clinical outcome.
For a product which is found Similar in pre-clinical, in-vitro characterization
having established PK methods and a PD marker that is surrogate of efficacy, the
residual risk is significantly reduced in the Phase I study if equivalence is
demonstrated for both PK and PD. In such cases clinical trials may be waived
28. Conclusion
With lapse of the patent of biological product , biosimilar will make healthcare
treatment more accessible.
Accessibility of the biosimilar product in the business sector will lead to cost
reduction.
It is the worldwide need instead of the economy improvement.
Biosimilar are bigger and more intricate than the chemical drugs. As they are
not the generics, the generic approach won't be suitable for the biosimilar
product.
Biosimilar maker needs to face extraordinary difficulties in the development,
clinical improvement, manufacturing, registration and product marketing
contrasted with customary generics.
29. Reference
Guidelines on Similar Biologic: Regulatory Requirements for
Marketing Authorization in India.
International Journal of Drug Development and Research: A
Comparison of US, Europe, Japan and India Biosimilar
Regulation.
Biosimilar: an Emerging Market Opportunities in India