Downloaded 11 times
Uploaded byRAMA UNIVERSITY
REFLEX- ARC, GRADING AND ASSESSMENT.pptx
The document discusses various types of reflexes and their classifications, including inborn and acquired reflexes, protective reflexes, and different categories based on clinical aspects. It details specific reflex responses, their stimuli, afferent and efferent nerves, spinal segments involved, and examples such as the corneal and biceps reflexes. Additionally, it addresses pathological reflexes and visceral reflexes, highlighting their significance in neurological assessments.
More Related Content
Similar to REFLEX- ARC, GRADING AND ASSESSMENT.pptx
REFLEX- ARC, GRADING AND ASSESSMENT.pptx
- 1. REFLEX ASSESSMENT BY DR. APOORVASRIVASTAVA ASSISTANT PROFESSOR RAMA UNIVERSITY
- 2. REFLEX • It isa response to a peripheral nervous stimulation that occurs without our consciousness.
- 3.
- 4. CLASSIFICATION OF REFLEXES REFLEX Basedon Acquiring Inborn: Secretion of saliva Acquired: Saliva secretion on sight of food Based on Purpose Protective Reflex: Withdrawa l or Flexor reflex Antigravity Reflex: Extensor or counter gravitational reflexes Based on Clinical Aspect Superficial Reflexes Deep Reflexes Visceral Reflexes Pathologica l Reflexes
- 5.
- 6. CORNEAL REFLEXES •Stimulus: Irritationof Cornea •Response: Blinking of eye •Afferent Nerve: 5th Cranial Nerve •Centre: Pons Varoli •Efferent Nerve: 7th Cranial Nerve
- 7. CONJUNCTIVAL REFLEXES •Stimulus: Irritationof Conjunctiva •Response: Blinking of eye •Afferent Nerve: 5th Cranial Nerve •Centre: Pons Varoli •Efferent Nerve: 7th Cranial Nerve
- 8. NASAL REFLEXES • Stimulus:Irritation of Nasal Mucous Membrane • Response: Sneezing • Afferent Nerve: 5th Cranial Nerve • Centre: Motor Nucleus of 5th Cranial Nerve • Efferent Nerve: 10th Cranial Nerve
- 9. PHARYNGEAL REFLEXES • Stimulus:Irritation of Pharyngeal Muscles • Response: Ratching/ Gag Reflex • Afferent Nerve: 9th Cranial Nerve • Centre: Nucleus of 10th Cranial Nerve • Efferent Nerve: 10th Cranial Nerve
- 10. UVULAR REFLEXES •Stimulus: Irritationof Uvula •Response: Raising of Uvula •Afferent Nerve: 9th Cranial Nerve •Centre: Motor Nucleus of 10th Cranial Nerve •Efferent Nerve: 10th Cranial Nerve
- 11. SCAPULAR REFLEXES •Stimulus: Irritationbetween skin of 2 scapula •Response: Contraction of Scapular Muscles •Spinal Segment: C5 to T1
- 12. UPPER ABDOMINAL REFLEXES •Stimulus: Stroking the abdominal wall below costal margin towards umblicus • Response: Ipsilateral abdominal muscle contraction and movement of umbilicus towards the site of stroke • Spinal Segment: T6 to T9
- 13. LOWER ABDOMINAL REFLEXES •Stimulus: Stroking abdominal wall below the level of umbilicus. • Response: Ipsilateral abdominal muscle contraction and movement of umbilicus towards the site of stroke • Spinal Segment: T10 to T12
- 14. CREMASTERIC REFLEXES •Stimulus: Strokingthe skin at the upper and inner aspect of thigh •Response: Elevation of the Testicles in Males/ Contraction of the Pubal Skin in Females •Spinal Segment: L1 to L3
- 15. GLUTEAL REFLEXES •Stimulus: Strokingthe skin over the gluteal muscles •Response: Gluteal Muscle Contraction •Spinal Segment: L4, L5, S1, S2
- 16. PLANTER REFLEXES •Stimulus: Strokingthe planter sole •Response: Planter-flexion of the toes •Spinal Segment: L5 to S2
- 17. BULBOCAVERNOUS REFLEXES •Stimulus: Strokingthe dorsum of Glans Penis •Response: Contraction of Bulbocavernous Muscle •Spinal Segment: S3 S4
- 18. ANAL REFLEXES •Stimulus: Strokingthe anal region •Response: Contraction of anal sphincter •Spinal Segment: S4 S5
- 19.
- 20. JAW JERK/ REFLEX •Stimulus:Tapping the middle of chin with slightly opened mouth •Response: Closure of Mouth •Spinal Segment: 5th Cranial Nerve
- 21. BICEPS JERK/ REFLEX •Stimulus:Percussion of the biceps tendon •Response: Flexion of the forearm •Spinal Segment: C5-C6 •Peripheral Nerve: Musculocutaneous Nerve
- 22. TRICEPS JERK/ REFLEX •Stimulus:Percussion of Triceps Tendon •Response: Extension of forearm •Spinal Segment: C6, C7, C8 •Peripheral Nerve: Radial Nerve
- 23. SUPINATOR JERK/ REFLEX •Stimulus:Percussion of Supinator tendon at the distal end of radius •Response: Supination and Flexion of Forearm •Spinal Segment: C5 C6 •Peripheral Nerve: Radial
- 24. PECTORAL JERK/ REFLEX •Stimulus: Percussion of Pectoralis Major tendon at the anterior fold of axilla • Response: Adduction of the arm and visible contraction of pectoralis major • Spinal Segment: C5 T1 • Peripheral Nerve: Lateral and Medial Pectoral
- 25. KNEE JERK/ PATELLARTENDON REFLEX •Stimulus: Percussion of Patellar Tendon •Response: Extension of Leg •Spinal Segment: L2, L3, L4 •Peripheral Nerve: Femoral
- 26. ANKLE JERK/ REFLEX •Stimulus:Percussion of Achilles Tendon •Response: Planter- flexion of foot •Spinal Segment: L5 to S2 •Peripheral Nerve: Medial Popliteal
- 27.
- 28. BABINSKI’S SIGN • Abnormalplanter reflex • In normal planter reflex the gentle scratch over the outer edge of the sole causes planter flexion and adduction of the toes and dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot • When Babinski’s sign is positive there is dorsiflexion of great toe and fanning of the other toes • Usually positive when an individual sleep or in case of new born babies
- 30. Clonus • Clonus isa series of rapid and repeated jerky movements which occur while eliciting a deep reflex. • It may be of two types: ankle clonus and patellar clonus • Ankle Clonus: knee is slightly flexed and a sudden dorsiflexion of foot causes rhythmic contraction of calf muscles. Results in rhythmic planter- flexion at ankle joint • Patellar Clonus: In this condition, patient’s leg is extended and patella is suddenly pushed down towards the foot. Results in rhythmic contraction of quadriceps muscle.
- 32. WARTENBERG’S SIGN • Patientsupinates his hand, slightly flexing the fingers • Examiner pronates his hand and links fingers along with patient’s flexed fingers • Both then flex the fingers against each other’s resistance • Normally the thumb extends, though the terminal phalanx may flex slightly • In pyramidal lesion, thumb adducts and flexes strongly • Also depicts ulnar nerve entrapment
- 35. VISCERAL REFLEXES • PupillaryReflex: Direct Light reflex which causes constriction of the pupil • Accommodation Reflex: which causes the constriction of pupil according to light sensation
- 36.
- 37.
- 38. USE OF STRETCHRELFEX
- 39.
- 40. LESSIONS • In UpperMotor Neuron lesion the superficial reflexes are lost and deep tendon reflexes are exaggerated