Communication is a process by which information is exchanged among individuals which is primarily accomplished by verbally, but non-verbal gestures, pantomime and the processes of speaking, writing, reading, hearing, and understanding visible and oral symbols. Modalities used to express information are referred to as Expressive. Modalities used in understanding and interpretation of symbols are Receptive. Descriptive naturals science that deals with message transmission among speakers of any language is called Linguistics. A communication disorder caused by brain damage and characterized by an impairment of language comprehension, formulation and use, affecting the sounds, vocabulary both in speaking and understanding. Excludes disorders associated with visual or hearing deficits, mental deterioration or psychiatric aberrations. Diagnoses the level of speech impairment and treatment approaches for individual people. Increases participation and syllables. Finding alternative ways of communication. May use computer assisted programmes and various channels to induce speech Group sessions are often prioritized Hand and wrist exercises along with writing and language comprehensions are induced. Following of commands of therapist is the key. Facial exercises for better articulations Pronunciation of vowels and consonants with facial movements. Researches are keen on using transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS) and transcranial magnetic stimulations (TMS) for stimulating brain areas responsible for aphasia. Some studies have been using the various non invasive brain stimulation techniques and have prescribed their use along-with speech and language therapy. APHASIA is an alarming situation which needs to be addressed and depends on the patient's perspective the level of rehabilitation which needs to be delivered to such patients. Aphasia in general can be dealt with a common rehabilitation programme incorporating the Rehabilitation team consisting of Physiatrist, Physiotherapist, Speech Pathologist, Speech Therapist, etc. the function of a Physiotherapist respective to speech anomalies or aphasia is specific to the interventions like facial expressions teaching, training the facial patterns and pronunciation of vowels and consonants, re-educating the muscles of the face and then targeting the tongue movements and instigating normal patterns of muscle movements and facial muscles patterns. Some common terms which are encountered in treating such cases involve: Smallest unit of Speech- Phonemes Impairment of language comprehension- Aphasia Difficulty in reading- Dyslexia Difficulty in writing- Agraphia Difficulty in calculation abilities- Acalculia Defects in motor speech- Dysarthria Absence of sound- Aphonia Disorder in sound quality- Dysphonia. References: 1. S. Sunder; Textbook of Rehabilitation; Jaypee- 3rd edition. 2. S O Sullivan; Physical Rehabilitation; 6th edition. 3. https://my.clevelandclinic.org.. 4.health/diseases/5502-aphasia.

1. APHASIA AND ITS
REHABILITATION
By
Dr. Apoorva Srivastava
Assistant Professor
Faculty of Paramedical Sciences
Rama University

3. Definition
“ Communication is a process by which information is exchanged
among individuals which is primarily accomplished by verbally, but
non-verbal gestures, pantomime and the processes of speaking,
writing, reading, hearing, and understanding visible and oral
symbols.”
1. S. Sunder; Textbook of Rehabilitation; Jaypee- 3rd edition
2. S O Sullivan; Physical Rehabilitation; 6th edition

4. • Modalities used to express information are referred
to as Expressive.
• Modalities used in understanding and interpretation
of symbols are Receptive.
• Descriptive naturals science that deals with message
transmission among speakers of any language is
called Linguistics.
1. S. Sunder; Textbook of Rehabilitation; Jaypee- 3rd edition
2. S O Sullivan; Physical Rehabilitation; 6th edition

5. Types of Communication
1. S. Sunder; Textbook of Rehabilitation; Jaypee- 3rd edition
2. S O Sullivan; Physical Rehabilitation; 6th edition

6. Important terms
• Smallest unit of Speech- Phonemes
• Impairment of language comprehension- Aphasia
• Difficulty in reading- Dyslexia
• Difficulty in writing- Agraphia
• Difficulty in calculation abilities- Acalculia
• Defects in motor speech- Dysarthria
• Absence of sound- Aphonia
• Disorder in sound quality- Dysphonia
1. S. Sunder; Textbook of Rehabilitation; Jaypee- 3rd edition
2. S O Sullivan; Physical Rehabilitation; 6th edition

7. Aphasia
“ A communication disorder caused by brain damage
and characterized by an impairment of language
comprehension, formulation and use, affecting the
sounds, vocabulary both in speaking and
understanding.”
 Excludes disorders associated with visual or hearing deficits,
mental deterioration or psychiatric aberrations.
1. S. Sunder; Textbook of Rehabilitation; Jaypee- 3rd edition
2. S O Sullivan; Physical Rehabilitation; 6th edition

8. Brain and speech
1. S. Sunder; Textbook of Rehabilitation; Jaypee- 3rd edition
2. S O Sullivan; Physical Rehabilitation; 6th edition

9. Types of Aphasia
1. S. Sunder; Textbook of Rehabilitation; Jaypee- 3rd edition
2. S O Sullivan; Physical Rehabilitation; 6th edition

10. Management of Aphasia
• Speech- language therapy
• Non-invasive brain stimulation
1. S. Sunder; Textbook of Rehabilitation; Jaypee- 3rd edition
2. S O Sullivan; Physical Rehabilitation; 6th edition

11. Speech and Language Therapy
• Diagnoses the level of speech impairment and treatment approaches for
individual people.
• Increases participation and syllables.
• Finding alternative ways of communication.
• May use computer assisted programmes and various channels to induce
speech
• Group sessions are often prioritized
• Hand and wrist exercises along with writing and language comprehensions
are induced.
• Following of commands of therapist is the key.
• Facial exercises for better articulations
• Pronunciation of vowels and consonants with facial movements.
1. S. Sunder; Textbook of Rehabilitation; Jaypee- 3rd edition
2. S O Sullivan; Physical Rehabilitation; 6th edition
3. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/5502-aphasia
4. https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/aphasia
5. nhs.uk/conditions/aphasia/treatment/

12. 1. S. Sunder; Textbook of Rehabilitation; Jaypee- 3rd edition
2. S O Sullivan; Physical Rehabilitation; 6th edition
3. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/5502-aphasia
4. https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/aphasia
5. nhs.uk/conditions/aphasia/treatment/

13. Non- Invasive Brain stimulation
• Researches are keen on using
transcranial direct current stimulation
(TDCS) and transcranial magnetic
stimulations (TMS) for stimulating
brain areas responsible for aphasia.
• Some studies have been using the
various non invasive brain stimulation
techniques and have prescribed their
use along-with speech and language
therapy.
1. S. Sunder; Textbook of Rehabilitation; Jaypee- 3rd edition
2. S O Sullivan; Physical Rehabilitation; 6th edition
3. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/5502-aphasia
4. https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/aphasia
5. nhs.uk/conditions/aphasia/treatment/