reflections on British Indian Army recruitment as discussed by family elders
July 2020
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.21931.26408
Project: MILITARY HISTORY
Agha H Amin
The Royal Pavilion as a Vision of Empirefauxtoegrafik
The Royal Pavilion in Brighton served as a military hospital for Indian soldiers during World War 1. This provided an opportunity to promote a vision of the British Empire to audiences in Britain and India. The hospital was portrayed as a place of royal benevolence where Indian soldiers received excellent care, helping to justify and legitimize continued British rule in India during a vulnerable time. Though not originally intended as a hospital, the Pavilion was chosen to emphasize Britain's royal patronage of Indian troops through its former use as a royal residence. The hospital experience was carefully stage-managed to portray an idyllic "Virtual India" for propaganda purposes while also sequestering influences that could undermine British authority such as Christianity or women.
Michigan soldiers of the american civil warkathryn benard
This document provides brief biographies of several Michigan soldiers who fought in the American Civil War, including their hometowns, military service histories, key battles and accomplishments. It highlights soldiers such as Col. Norman Hall of Monroe County who fought at Gettysburg, Alden C. Bayley of Battle Creek who wrote letters home describing camp life, and George W. Clute of Mount Morris who captured Confederate flags and was awarded the Medal of Honor. The document also discusses several soldiers from the Flint area and their contributions before, during and after the war, such as Col. William McCreery who later became Flint's mayor.
Rani Lakshmibai was the queen of Jhansi, India during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. She was born in 1828 and trained in martial arts from a young age. After her husband's death, the British annexed Jhansi under the Doctrine of Lapse. Rani Lakshmibai rebelled against the British and emerged as a leader of the Indian rebellion. She fought bravely against the British forces but was killed in June 1858 during a battle near Gwalior. She is remembered as one of the leading figures of the rebellion who fought courageously for Indian independence.
Cecil Beaton was a famous British photographer born in 1904. He launched his career in 1926 with an exhibition in London that won him a contract with Vogue magazine, where he worked for 30 years photographing fashion. In 1937 he became the royal family's official photographer. Beaton was also a successful theatre designer, working on productions like My Fair Lady. He photographed many famous people including the Queen, Marilyn Monroe, and Audrey Hepburn. Beaton focused on glamorous vintage fashion portraits throughout his five decades as one of the world's most renowned portrait and fashion photographers.
The American Civil War ended in April 1865 with the surrender of Confederate General Robert E. Lee to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia. After a series of defeats in 1863-1864, Lee's Army of Northern Virginia was pursued relentlessly by Grant and forced to abandon Richmond in April 1865. Facing encirclement and the possibility of more bloodshed, Lee surrendered what remained of his army to Grant, who offered generous surrender terms in hopes of reuniting the country. The Civil War was officially over after over four years of conflict between the Union and Confederate states.
1) The document discusses the experiences of Kazuko Kuramoto, a woman born and raised in Manchuria during the Japanese colonization in the early 20th century. She struggled to adapt to life back in Japan after being repatriated following World War II.
2) It also covers Aisin Gioro Xianyu, a Manchu princess who worked as a spy for the Japanese during the war. After the war, she was tried for treason against China rather than as a war criminal. There was debate around her shifting national identities during the trial.
3) Key issues discussed include the relationship between gender and nationalism during the war and colonial period, as well as the fluid and negotiated nature of ethnicity
The document summarizes several decisive battles of the American Civil War that turned the tide in favor of the Union. The Battle of Gettysburg in 1863 was a major turning point, resulting in heavy casualties on both sides and leading to Lee's retreat. Along with Union victories at Vicksburg and Port Hudson in July 1863, this established the Union's momentum. Later in the war, General Sherman's March to the Sea and capture of Atlanta in 1864 boosted the North. Finally, Grant's siege of Petersburg and Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House in April 1865 brought the war to an end.
The Royal Pavilion as a Vision of Empirefauxtoegrafik
The Royal Pavilion in Brighton served as a military hospital for Indian soldiers during World War 1. This provided an opportunity to promote a vision of the British Empire to audiences in Britain and India. The hospital was portrayed as a place of royal benevolence where Indian soldiers received excellent care, helping to justify and legitimize continued British rule in India during a vulnerable time. Though not originally intended as a hospital, the Pavilion was chosen to emphasize Britain's royal patronage of Indian troops through its former use as a royal residence. The hospital experience was carefully stage-managed to portray an idyllic "Virtual India" for propaganda purposes while also sequestering influences that could undermine British authority such as Christianity or women.
Michigan soldiers of the american civil warkathryn benard
This document provides brief biographies of several Michigan soldiers who fought in the American Civil War, including their hometowns, military service histories, key battles and accomplishments. It highlights soldiers such as Col. Norman Hall of Monroe County who fought at Gettysburg, Alden C. Bayley of Battle Creek who wrote letters home describing camp life, and George W. Clute of Mount Morris who captured Confederate flags and was awarded the Medal of Honor. The document also discusses several soldiers from the Flint area and their contributions before, during and after the war, such as Col. William McCreery who later became Flint's mayor.
Rani Lakshmibai was the queen of Jhansi, India during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. She was born in 1828 and trained in martial arts from a young age. After her husband's death, the British annexed Jhansi under the Doctrine of Lapse. Rani Lakshmibai rebelled against the British and emerged as a leader of the Indian rebellion. She fought bravely against the British forces but was killed in June 1858 during a battle near Gwalior. She is remembered as one of the leading figures of the rebellion who fought courageously for Indian independence.
Cecil Beaton was a famous British photographer born in 1904. He launched his career in 1926 with an exhibition in London that won him a contract with Vogue magazine, where he worked for 30 years photographing fashion. In 1937 he became the royal family's official photographer. Beaton was also a successful theatre designer, working on productions like My Fair Lady. He photographed many famous people including the Queen, Marilyn Monroe, and Audrey Hepburn. Beaton focused on glamorous vintage fashion portraits throughout his five decades as one of the world's most renowned portrait and fashion photographers.
The American Civil War ended in April 1865 with the surrender of Confederate General Robert E. Lee to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House in Virginia. After a series of defeats in 1863-1864, Lee's Army of Northern Virginia was pursued relentlessly by Grant and forced to abandon Richmond in April 1865. Facing encirclement and the possibility of more bloodshed, Lee surrendered what remained of his army to Grant, who offered generous surrender terms in hopes of reuniting the country. The Civil War was officially over after over four years of conflict between the Union and Confederate states.
1) The document discusses the experiences of Kazuko Kuramoto, a woman born and raised in Manchuria during the Japanese colonization in the early 20th century. She struggled to adapt to life back in Japan after being repatriated following World War II.
2) It also covers Aisin Gioro Xianyu, a Manchu princess who worked as a spy for the Japanese during the war. After the war, she was tried for treason against China rather than as a war criminal. There was debate around her shifting national identities during the trial.
3) Key issues discussed include the relationship between gender and nationalism during the war and colonial period, as well as the fluid and negotiated nature of ethnicity
The document summarizes several decisive battles of the American Civil War that turned the tide in favor of the Union. The Battle of Gettysburg in 1863 was a major turning point, resulting in heavy casualties on both sides and leading to Lee's retreat. Along with Union victories at Vicksburg and Port Hudson in July 1863, this established the Union's momentum. Later in the war, General Sherman's March to the Sea and capture of Atlanta in 1864 boosted the North. Finally, Grant's siege of Petersburg and Lee's surrender at Appomattox Court House in April 1865 brought the war to an end.
The Battle of the Wilderness from May 4-7, 1864 was the first major battle between Union General Ulysses S. Grant and Confederate General Robert E. Lee since Grant took command of the Union army. The battle occurred in a densely forested area called the Wilderness that made tactics difficult. Over the two days of fighting, there were around 25,000 total casualties as the armies battled through the woods, often resorting to hand-to-hand combat. Neither side gained a decisive victory, but Grant continued his strategy of applying pressure on Lee's army by maneuvering south rather than retreating north as other Union generals had typically done.
The Battle of Shiloh in April 1862 in Tennessee was a surprise Confederate attack on Union troops that initially pushed them back. However, Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston was killed and additional Union reinforcements arrived. The second day of fighting resulted in a Union victory that halted the Confederate advance and shifted momentum in the war. Over 23,000 casualties were suffered between the two sides in this devastating battle.
The soldier writes to his wife Amanda from Nashville, Tennessee to let her know he survived a recent raid into Mississippi where they captured prisoners and fought Union troops at Cape Girardeau, though he was sick for a few days; he expresses his longing to see Amanda and their children again but does not know when that will be possible given his duties; he promises to write whenever he can and asks Amanda to write often.
The document summarizes the key battles between Grant and Lee in Virginia from March to October 1864. Grant was put in charge of all Union armies and launched a campaign against Lee to capture Richmond. They fought intense battles at the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and Cold Harbor, though Grant suffered heavy losses he kept pressing the offensive. This led to a lengthy siege of Petersburg, cutting off Confederate supply lines, which lasted 10 months and ultimately weakened Lee's forces ahead of the war's end in 1865.
The document summarizes the end of the American Civil War. It describes how Union troops under the leadership of Grant and Sherman defeated Confederate forces in 1863-1865. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia was pursued by Grant and surrendered at Appomattox Court House in April 1865, effectively ending the war. The terms of surrender allowed Confederate soldiers to keep their private property and return home without punishment.
The Battle of the Wilderness took place from May 5-7, 1864 in Spotsylvania and Orange Counties, Virginia. Confederate General Robert E. Lee hoped to push the Union forces back to prevent further advancement, while Union General Ulysses S. Grant planned to make the Confederates fall back. Though the Confederates were outnumbered, they fought using guerrilla tactics. The battle resulted in around 30,000 casualties total and was inconclusive, but Grant continued his march forward in a sign that his strategy was to destroy Confederate forces.
The Battle of Spotsylvania from May 8-19, 1864 was a stalemate between Union General Ulysses S. Grant and Confederate General Robert E. Lee near Spotsylvania Court House, Virginia. Grant attempted to pressure Lee's right flank by moving southeast from the Wilderness towards Richmond, but Lee sent troops under Richard Anderson to stall the Union at Spotsylvania. Over the following two weeks, there were several bloody assaults by Grant against Lee's entrenched positions, including at the "Bloody Angle", but neither side gained a decisive advantage before Grant eventually withdrew.
The Mud March campaign launched by General Ambrose Burnside in January 1863 as a winter offensive to revive the Army of the Potomac ended in disaster. Burnside planned feints and a cavalry raid to surprise the Confederates, but two of his staff officers betrayed the plans to political leaders in Washington. When heavy rains fell, turning the ground to mud, Burnside's army became stuck and had to retreat without engaging the enemy. The failed campaign destroyed the troops' confidence in Burnside, prompting his resignation as commander of the Army of the Potomac.
Jackie Robinson was born in 1919 in Georgia and moved to California as a child. He excelled in multiple sports including baseball, basketball, and football. After serving in the military during WWII, Robinson played in the Negro American League before joining the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1945, breaking the color barrier as the first African American player in Major League Baseball. Throughout his career and after retirement, Robinson helped advance racial equality and supported charitable causes, leaving a significant and lasting impact on both baseball and society.
The document summarizes major battles and events of the American Civil War from 1863 to 1865, including Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Vicksburg, Chickamauga, Sherman's March to the Sea, Petersburg/Richmond, and finally Appomattox Courthouse where organized fighting ended and reconstruction began. It highlights the impacts of key Union victories like Gettysburg, Vicksburg, and Sherman's March in turning the tide against the Confederacy by cutting their territories and devastating resources.
The document provides an overview of important battles and events during the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865. It discusses several early battles including Fort Sumter, Bull Run, and the use of ironclads. Major battles like Shiloh, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Vicksburg, Chickamauga, and Petersburg are also summarized along with key generals and their campaigns. Dates are provided to give context to the progression of major military engagements over the four year period of the Civil War.
The document summarizes key events and battles of the American Civil War, beginning with Lincoln's inaugural address which stated the Union would not attack first in response to southern secession. It then discusses Fort Sumter, Bull Run, Shiloh, Antietam, Gettysburg, the Wilderness Campaign, Cold Harbor, the fall of Richmond and the Confederacy, and Lee's surrender at Appomattox, concluding with Lincoln's assassination and the ratification of the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery.
The Maryland Campaign was launched 150 years ago by Robert E. Lee to relieve pressure on Virginia and supply his army. At Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, MD on September 17th, 1862, the bloodiest day in American history occurred as the Union and Confederate armies engaged in a series of assaults and counterattacks across Miller's Cornfield and Bloody Lane, resulting in over 23,000 casualties in a single day with no clear victor. Although outnumbered, Lee was able to withdraw his army across the Potomac while McClellan failed to renew the offensive, ending the campaign.
After the Battle of Antietam, Ambrose Burnside replaced George McClellan as the new commander of the Union forces. At the Battle of Fredericksburg in December 1862, Burnside's plan to cross the Rappahannock River via pontoon bridges and attack Robert E. Lee was defeated, resulting in heavy Union casualties. In May 1863 at Chancellorsville, Stonewall Jackson led a flanking maneuver through the Wilderness that routed the Union troops, but Jackson was accidentally shot by his own men and died of complications. Despite outnumbering the Confederates, the Union was again defeated at Chancellorsville due to overconfidence and failure to coordinate attacks.
4th Grade Biography Project Timelines - created in PPT by students to demonstrate mastery of technology skills applied to research projects. Students created videos and QR codes for their videos as well. All images are cited.
This document provides a summary of the plotlines and characters in the 2005 political thriller film Syriana. The main plotlines follow an energy analyst, a CIA operative, and a Pakistani migrant worker as their stories intersect around the politics of the oil industry in the Middle East. The film explores how the oil interests of American companies influence both U.S. foreign policy and societies in the Middle East. It received critical acclaim and an Oscar for George Clooney's supporting performance.
The Battle of Gettysburg was a major turning point in the Civil War that took place from July 1-3, 1863. Over 165,000 soldiers fought in the battle, resulting in over 46,000 casualties. On the first day, Confederate forces pushed Union troops back through the town of Gettysburg. On the second day, the Union was able to hold strong defensive positions on Cemetery Ridge. On the third day, Pickett's Charge, a massive Confederate assault on the Union center, was repelled at great cost to the Confederates. The battle was a crushing defeat for the Confederacy and ended Robert E. Lee's campaign to invade the North.
Martial races theory and its consequences myths and misconceptions of indo p...Agha A
Major Agha H Amin is a retired Pakistani Army tank corps major who has written extensively on military history and strategy. This document provides biographical information about Major Amin and summarizes his views on the British colonial concept of "Martial Races" and its negative consequences in Pakistan. It notes that the theory originated from Lord Roberts and was not actually based on comparative war performance. However, it influenced recruitment policies in a way that increased ethnic divides in Pakistan. The reliance on Punjabi recruits contributed to political issues and the army's actions in East Pakistan in 1971.
The Battle of the Wilderness from May 4-7, 1864 was the first major battle between Union General Ulysses S. Grant and Confederate General Robert E. Lee since Grant took command of the Union army. The battle occurred in a densely forested area called the Wilderness that made tactics difficult. Over the two days of fighting, there were around 25,000 total casualties as the armies battled through the woods, often resorting to hand-to-hand combat. Neither side gained a decisive victory, but Grant continued his strategy of applying pressure on Lee's army by maneuvering south rather than retreating north as other Union generals had typically done.
The Battle of Shiloh in April 1862 in Tennessee was a surprise Confederate attack on Union troops that initially pushed them back. However, Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston was killed and additional Union reinforcements arrived. The second day of fighting resulted in a Union victory that halted the Confederate advance and shifted momentum in the war. Over 23,000 casualties were suffered between the two sides in this devastating battle.
The soldier writes to his wife Amanda from Nashville, Tennessee to let her know he survived a recent raid into Mississippi where they captured prisoners and fought Union troops at Cape Girardeau, though he was sick for a few days; he expresses his longing to see Amanda and their children again but does not know when that will be possible given his duties; he promises to write whenever he can and asks Amanda to write often.
The document summarizes the key battles between Grant and Lee in Virginia from March to October 1864. Grant was put in charge of all Union armies and launched a campaign against Lee to capture Richmond. They fought intense battles at the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, and Cold Harbor, though Grant suffered heavy losses he kept pressing the offensive. This led to a lengthy siege of Petersburg, cutting off Confederate supply lines, which lasted 10 months and ultimately weakened Lee's forces ahead of the war's end in 1865.
The document summarizes the end of the American Civil War. It describes how Union troops under the leadership of Grant and Sherman defeated Confederate forces in 1863-1865. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia was pursued by Grant and surrendered at Appomattox Court House in April 1865, effectively ending the war. The terms of surrender allowed Confederate soldiers to keep their private property and return home without punishment.
The Battle of the Wilderness took place from May 5-7, 1864 in Spotsylvania and Orange Counties, Virginia. Confederate General Robert E. Lee hoped to push the Union forces back to prevent further advancement, while Union General Ulysses S. Grant planned to make the Confederates fall back. Though the Confederates were outnumbered, they fought using guerrilla tactics. The battle resulted in around 30,000 casualties total and was inconclusive, but Grant continued his march forward in a sign that his strategy was to destroy Confederate forces.
The Battle of Spotsylvania from May 8-19, 1864 was a stalemate between Union General Ulysses S. Grant and Confederate General Robert E. Lee near Spotsylvania Court House, Virginia. Grant attempted to pressure Lee's right flank by moving southeast from the Wilderness towards Richmond, but Lee sent troops under Richard Anderson to stall the Union at Spotsylvania. Over the following two weeks, there were several bloody assaults by Grant against Lee's entrenched positions, including at the "Bloody Angle", but neither side gained a decisive advantage before Grant eventually withdrew.
The Mud March campaign launched by General Ambrose Burnside in January 1863 as a winter offensive to revive the Army of the Potomac ended in disaster. Burnside planned feints and a cavalry raid to surprise the Confederates, but two of his staff officers betrayed the plans to political leaders in Washington. When heavy rains fell, turning the ground to mud, Burnside's army became stuck and had to retreat without engaging the enemy. The failed campaign destroyed the troops' confidence in Burnside, prompting his resignation as commander of the Army of the Potomac.
Jackie Robinson was born in 1919 in Georgia and moved to California as a child. He excelled in multiple sports including baseball, basketball, and football. After serving in the military during WWII, Robinson played in the Negro American League before joining the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1945, breaking the color barrier as the first African American player in Major League Baseball. Throughout his career and after retirement, Robinson helped advance racial equality and supported charitable causes, leaving a significant and lasting impact on both baseball and society.
The document summarizes major battles and events of the American Civil War from 1863 to 1865, including Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Vicksburg, Chickamauga, Sherman's March to the Sea, Petersburg/Richmond, and finally Appomattox Courthouse where organized fighting ended and reconstruction began. It highlights the impacts of key Union victories like Gettysburg, Vicksburg, and Sherman's March in turning the tide against the Confederacy by cutting their territories and devastating resources.
The document provides an overview of important battles and events during the American Civil War from 1861 to 1865. It discusses several early battles including Fort Sumter, Bull Run, and the use of ironclads. Major battles like Shiloh, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Vicksburg, Chickamauga, and Petersburg are also summarized along with key generals and their campaigns. Dates are provided to give context to the progression of major military engagements over the four year period of the Civil War.
The document summarizes key events and battles of the American Civil War, beginning with Lincoln's inaugural address which stated the Union would not attack first in response to southern secession. It then discusses Fort Sumter, Bull Run, Shiloh, Antietam, Gettysburg, the Wilderness Campaign, Cold Harbor, the fall of Richmond and the Confederacy, and Lee's surrender at Appomattox, concluding with Lincoln's assassination and the ratification of the 13th Amendment abolishing slavery.
The Maryland Campaign was launched 150 years ago by Robert E. Lee to relieve pressure on Virginia and supply his army. At Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, MD on September 17th, 1862, the bloodiest day in American history occurred as the Union and Confederate armies engaged in a series of assaults and counterattacks across Miller's Cornfield and Bloody Lane, resulting in over 23,000 casualties in a single day with no clear victor. Although outnumbered, Lee was able to withdraw his army across the Potomac while McClellan failed to renew the offensive, ending the campaign.
After the Battle of Antietam, Ambrose Burnside replaced George McClellan as the new commander of the Union forces. At the Battle of Fredericksburg in December 1862, Burnside's plan to cross the Rappahannock River via pontoon bridges and attack Robert E. Lee was defeated, resulting in heavy Union casualties. In May 1863 at Chancellorsville, Stonewall Jackson led a flanking maneuver through the Wilderness that routed the Union troops, but Jackson was accidentally shot by his own men and died of complications. Despite outnumbering the Confederates, the Union was again defeated at Chancellorsville due to overconfidence and failure to coordinate attacks.
4th Grade Biography Project Timelines - created in PPT by students to demonstrate mastery of technology skills applied to research projects. Students created videos and QR codes for their videos as well. All images are cited.
This document provides a summary of the plotlines and characters in the 2005 political thriller film Syriana. The main plotlines follow an energy analyst, a CIA operative, and a Pakistani migrant worker as their stories intersect around the politics of the oil industry in the Middle East. The film explores how the oil interests of American companies influence both U.S. foreign policy and societies in the Middle East. It received critical acclaim and an Oscar for George Clooney's supporting performance.
The Battle of Gettysburg was a major turning point in the Civil War that took place from July 1-3, 1863. Over 165,000 soldiers fought in the battle, resulting in over 46,000 casualties. On the first day, Confederate forces pushed Union troops back through the town of Gettysburg. On the second day, the Union was able to hold strong defensive positions on Cemetery Ridge. On the third day, Pickett's Charge, a massive Confederate assault on the Union center, was repelled at great cost to the Confederates. The battle was a crushing defeat for the Confederacy and ended Robert E. Lee's campaign to invade the North.
Martial races theory and its consequences myths and misconceptions of indo p...Agha A
Major Agha H Amin is a retired Pakistani Army tank corps major who has written extensively on military history and strategy. This document provides biographical information about Major Amin and summarizes his views on the British colonial concept of "Martial Races" and its negative consequences in Pakistan. It notes that the theory originated from Lord Roberts and was not actually based on comparative war performance. However, it influenced recruitment policies in a way that increased ethnic divides in Pakistan. The reliance on Punjabi recruits contributed to political issues and the army's actions in East Pakistan in 1971.
This document provides a firsthand account of British Army operations in Afghanistan from 2004-2014 as seen by the author, a consultant who worked in Afghanistan during that time. It describes how the British operations lacked clear strategy and purpose, with troops sent into Helmand province in small, vulnerable groups ("penny packets") without sufficient consideration for the local conditions and threat of the Taliban. This approach directly played into the hands of the Taliban and resulted in needless British casualties. Political leaders like Tony Blair sent the troops to Afghanistan without a coherent strategic aim, simply to appease the US, while ignoring local dynamics and making the soldiers targets.
This document provides a summary of the British Army's operations in Afghanistan during the Fourth Afghan War from the perspective of the author, who worked as a consultant in Afghanistan from 2004-present. Some key points:
- The author witnessed British Army operations firsthand and argues they lacked clear strategy, with troops sent into Helmand province in small groups without adequate consideration of risks.
- Political motivations like currying favor with the US and opportunities for career advancement led to poor military decisions by British leaders.
- Troops were vulnerable to ambush walking into traps set by the Taliban, who stepped up operations in Helmand in response to the British presence.
- Without proper strategy or understanding of local dynamics,
British Imperial gimmick-Martial Races Theory-Military Recruitment PolicyAgha A
This document discusses British recruitment policy in the Indian army from 1757 to 1947. It covers six major periods of changing policies:
1) 1757-1849, when there was no precise policy and the army was dominated by Hindustani Hindus.
2) 1849-1858, when Sikhs, Muslims, and Pathans from Punjab were first introduced following mutinies.
3) 1858-1885, when Hindustani Hindus remained dominant but Punjabis increased in number.
4) 1885-1914, when the army became increasingly "Punjabized" and other groups declined.
5) 1914-1939, when the army favored Punjabi Muslims over Sikhs.
Reversing the Gaze: Amar Singh's Diary: A Colonial Subject's Narrative of Im...Agha A
Major A.H. Amin provides a short review of the book "Reversing the Gaze: Amar Singh's Diary: A Colonial Subject's Narrative of Imperial India". The following key points are made:
- The book examines the diaries of Amar Singh, the son of a Jaipur state minister, who served in the Imperial Military Corps from 1898 to 1905.
- Amar Singh felt that tremendous British arrogance and snobbery was a major cause of Indian alienation. He described experiencing mistreatment and being treated like a "coolie" by his British superiors.
- The book describes British failure to adequately integrate the Indian aristocracy into officer roles in the army. It gives insight
Myths and misconceptions of indo pak history part 8Agha A
Yet in 1857 the Indians or at least a part of them both Hindus and Muslims combined and made one very desperate yet valiant effort to oust the British. Till this time the Hindus acknowledged the Muslim political supremacy since we see the Bengal Army which was predominantly Hindu, fighting for Muslim sovereigns at Delhi and in Oudh!
But when this great rebellion failed there was the parting of the ways! The Muslims of the post-1857 had no choice but to please the British to avoid Hindu domination!
The Hindu’s problems had completely ended!
All they had to do was to play a waiting game.
They knew that one day the British will have to go and then they, the ones who had been ruled and subjugated by a minority from the 12th century till almost the 18th century would dominate the Indo-Pak sub- continent, just like they were about to do around 1799 and till 1803 when the EEIC challenged the Hindu Mahratta rule!
The Muslim post-1857 problems were more complex, they had to escape Hindu domination and they also had to face the British.
The policy they adopted after 1857 was “Loyalty to the British”.
1. The document discusses the British colonial legacy's influence on the Pakistan Army, specifically examining its impact on the army's performance in the 1965 war.
2. It notes that both the Indian and Pakistan Armies inherited organizational structures, tactics, and traditions from nearly 190 years under British rule in India.
3. The British Indian Army was deliberately kept outdated compared to European armies, with outdated equipment, training focused on fighting tribes rather than modern warfare, and slow introduction of Indian officers, resulting in both armies lacking modern military doctrines and traditions after independence.
LETTERS TO STAFF COLLEGE QUETTA AND WHAT IS WRONG WITH PAKISTAN ARMY SYSTEMSAgha A
1. The document discusses the British colonial legacy and its influence on the Pakistan Army's performance and conduct in the 1965 war with India. It argues that both the pre-1947 Indian Army and post-1947 Pakistani and Indian armies were products of 190 years of British rule in India and were influenced by British military traditions and systems.
2. Specifically, it notes that the British Indian Army that the Pakistan and Indian armies descended from was deliberately kept outdated by the British compared to European armies. It also lacked strong indigenous leadership traditions due to the British policy of not allowing native Indians to become commissioned officers until late. These British colonial legacies continued to influence the armies' conduct negatively.
The document discusses the negative influence of the British colonial legacy on the Pakistan Army. Some key influences included:
1) The British Indian Army that the Pakistan Army descended from was deliberately kept outdated, focusing more on imperial policing than combat effectiveness. It lacked modern equipment, training, and reforms.
2) There was no strong leadership tradition in the Indian/Pakistani armies, as British policy prevented Indians from becoming officers for many years. This created officers who saw the army only as a career.
3) British military doctrine was extremely conservative. The British Indian Army focused on outdated tactics and saw little need for reform even as other armies modernized. Staff work and combined arms coordination were weak areas that continued in
LETTERS TO STAFF COLLEGE QUETTA AND WHAT IS WRONG WITH PAKISTAN ARMYAgha A
1. The document discusses the British colonial legacy and its influence on the Pakistan Army's performance and conduct in the 1965 war with India. It argues that both the pre-1947 Indian Army and post-1947 Pakistani and Indian armies were products of the 190-year British rule in India and were influenced by British military traditions and systems.
2. Specifically, it notes that the British Indian Army that the Pakistan and Indian armies descended from was deliberately kept outdated by the British in terms of equipment, training, and modernization compared to British and other armies. It also lacked strong indigenous leadership traditions due to British policies of excluding Indians from becoming commissioned officers.
3. These British colonial legacies, including inter-arm rivalry and compartment
Myths ,Distortions and Misconceptions of India Pakistan HistoryAgha A
1) The document provides instructions for reviewing a digital proof of a book, focusing on formatting, grammar, design issues, and content.
2) It recommends reviewing the proof three times, focusing on different aspects each time, before approving it to move forward in the publishing process.
3) Additional details are provided on how to print the proof and what to check such as headers, page numbers, images, and grammar.
National defence university of pakistan and other pakistani military mattersAgha A
This document provides a lengthy critique of Aqil Shah's book "The Army and Democracy" which analyzes the relationship between the Pakistani military and democracy. The critique argues that Shah's analysis is overly simplistic and makes numerous factual inaccuracies. It disagrees with many of Shah's arguments, such as his views on Jinnah and the inevitability of military coups in Pakistan. The critique takes issue with Shah overlooking the destabilizing impact of the 1916 Lucknow Pact and argues the military was not the sole factor influencing Pakistan's political development.
Myths and misconceptions exclusion an important cause etc-part 4Agha A
Major Agha H Amin is a retired Pakistani Army tank corps major who has written extensively on military and political issues in Pakistan and Afghanistan. He has authored several books and served as editor for several journals. He currently heads the think tank Centre for Study of Intelligence Operations.
The document discusses various causes and impacts of the 1857 Sepoy Mutiny in India against British colonial rule. It argues that exclusion of Indians from higher ranks and government positions was a main cause of resentment. After the rebellion, the British took steps to include more Indians in government to prevent further unrest. However, the British also adopted policies favoring feudal landowners over taxing the agricultural classes more heavily, shifting taxation burdens to urban professional classes instead
Dr hamid hussain corrects william dalrymple's distortionsAgha A
This document discusses the Sepoy Rebellion of 1857-59 from the perspective of analyzing Sepoy perceptions of the military effectiveness of the East India Company (EEIC). It argues that over time from 1804 to 1857, the Sepoys' absolute faith in the invincibility of the EEIC military began to change as they witnessed some key military defeats and retreats, such as against the Mahrattas in 1804, failure to capture the Bhurtpore fort in 1805, reversals in the Nepal War of 1814-16, and the retreat from Kabul in the first Afghan War in 1842. These events shook the Sepoys' confidence in the military prowess and leadership abilities of the British
This document provides a book review of Major General Rafiuddin Ahmad's two volume history of the Baloch Regiment from 1820 to 1956. The reviewer, A.H. Amin, summarizes the contents and scope of the books. He acknowledges both the difficulty of writing such a comprehensive regimental history spanning 180 years as well as constraints imposed by official sponsorship. While praising many aspects of the work, Amin also points out several factual errors in the first volume that could have been avoided by consulting standard historical references.
sepoy perceptions about military effectiveness of english east india companyAgha A
Sepoy Perceptions about EEIC Military Effectiveness
The Bengal Army was the brain child of Lord Clive's military genius. The Bengal sepoys related to each other by blood relationship and caste bonds had served the EEIC for some 100 years when they rebelled in 1857. These men had a very close contact with the British and had observed them from very close quarters. Any neutral and unbiased account of the events of 1857 clearly proves that the Britisher as an officer was never disliked by the sepoys. As an officer who served in Pakistan Army I can state with conviction that the British provided excellent leadership to the Indians. They definitely knew how to lead and inspire the Indian, leading them from the forefront which I am afraid few of at least our native post 1947. Generals did either in Burma or in 1965 or in 1971. The sepoy admired and revered the British officer. In 1857 he was rebelling against the system instituted by the EEIC. Against policies formulated by men constituting a board of directors in far off England. The greasing of cartridges with pig or cow fat similarly was also an administrative decision. The sepoy perceived the British officer as a fair and brave leader and many British officers reciprocated these feelings. One of the British commanding officer committed suicide when his native infantry regiment was disbanded. Many others resisted disbandment of their units. One troop of 3rd Light Cavalry the most crucial unit of Bengal Army Sepoys as a matter of fact loyally fought for the British in 1857.
Similar to reflections on British Indian Army recruitment as discussed by family elders (20)
The document discusses the roles of Punjab and Baluch regiments in the 1971 war. It was published on September 2023 with a DOI number and was written by Agha H Amin.
Major Agha H. Amin was commissioned in the old PAVO Cavalry in 1983. He served in various command, staff, research, logistics and instructional positions over his military career. In his civilian career, he performed projects in infrastructure and transmission lines in Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan. He has authored over 120 books and journals on military topics. The document goes on to describe a battle of Pandu fought by the 4/10 Baluch battalion against India in the 1947-48 Kashmir war, and criticizes the omission of accurate accounts of the battle from official Pakistani military histories.
Battles of Najafgarh , Gangiri and Delhi RidgeAgha A
- The 6th Dragoon Guards regiment arrived in Bengal, India from England in November 1856 and was stationed in Meerut at the time of the 1857 rebellion.
- During the rebellion, the regiment saw action at Ghaziabad, Badli Ki Serai, Delhi, and helped destroy a rebel battery at Eidgah with no reported casualties.
- It lost a few men at the battles of Ghaziabad, Badli Ki Serai, and in minor actions in July 1857 but overall emerged from the rebellion relatively lightly compared to other British units.
- However, the limited historical sources available in Pakistan make it difficult for researchers there to find all details on the regiment's role and casualties during
The battalion was part of an infantry brigade deployed at Sulaimanke Headworks during the 1965 war with India. It saw little serious action as it primarily engaged Indian border police posts that were no match for regular Pakistani army battalions. The battalion suffered only 3 fatal casualties for the entire war, showing it faced little militarily credible opposition. While the battalion performed well, it must be remembered that it faced inferior Indian border police rather than other army units.
This document summarizes the performance of the 9 Punjab battalion during the 1965 war with India. The battalion was part of the 12th Division of the Pakistan Army and was tasked with capturing the town of Chhamb. Despite having significant superiority in tanks and artillery, the 12th Division failed to cross the Tawi River on the first day. The 9th Punjab battalion suffered 15 killed and 31 wounded but managed to form a bridgehead across the Tawi. After the war, the battalion was praised for its performance and received several awards, though its strategic impact was limited due to the overall failure of Operation Grand Slam.
The battalion was deployed as a guard battalion but parts saw action in 1965 war including C Company commanded by Major Anis. C Company withdrew from its position exposing the rear of 16 Punjab to Indian attack, effectively sealing 16 Punjab's fate. C Company's withdrawal doomed 16 Punjab and was described as cowardly and the cause of 16 Punjab's debacle. While most of 8 Punjab saw no action, C Company under Major Anis performed poorly and was to blame for 16 Punjab's defeat.
1) The battalion was deployed as part of 11 Division along the Ravi-Sutlej Corridor according to maps.
2) The battalion faced a brigade-level attack from the Indian army using three infantry battalions and a tank squadron.
3) A captain from the Pakistani artillery played a crucial role by engaging the attacking forces with 60 medium shells, repulsing the Indian attack.
The battalion was deployed in September 1965 as part of Operation Grand Slam, relieving the 13th Punjab battalion near Dalpat-Chak Kirpal. According to Brigadier Rizvi, the battalion attacked towards Fatwal along with 13 Lancers, advancing up to 6 miles near Kasur and suffering 9 killed and 21 wounded. However, records list the battalion as losing either 9, 11, or 10 killed. The battalion had little impact as it joined the war late when the focus had shifted, and did not receive any awards despite actions in the Rann of Kutch prior to the war.
NORTH LINCOLNSHIRE REGIMENT OF FOOT IN 1857-59 BATTLESAgha A
This document provides biographical and career details of Major Agha.H.Amin, who was commissioned in the old PAVO Cavalry in March 1983. It discusses his education, various military and civilian positions held over his career, publications authored, and contact information. The document also briefly describes a study aid about British infantry battalions that participated in the battles of 1857-59 in India, including their roles, operations, casualties, and contributions to the outcome of the war.
The 2nd Battalion of the Punjab Regiment fought in the 1965 war against India. While it received several gallantry awards, the document argues that its role was exaggerated and it did not actually face most of the major Indian attacks. Only one company saw direct fighting on the first day, and it dispersed against heavy odds. The battalion was deployed away from the main sites of battle and did not face significant enemy forces apart from this initial engagement. Its impact on the decisive Battle of Chawinda was marginal.
This document provides information about Major Agha.H.Amin, including his military and civilian career experiences. It notes that he was commissioned in the old PAVO Cavalry in March 1983, attended Saint Marys Academy Lalazar and Forman Christian College Lahore, and served in various command, staff, research, logistics and instructional positions in the military. It also lists some of his civilian career projects and publications. The document provides his contact email addresses.
1ST BATTALION WARWICKSHIRE REGIMENT IN 1857-59 BATTLES.pdfAgha A
- 1st Battalion HM 8th Foot was stationed in India when the 1857 rebellion broke out. It was involved in securing areas around Delhi.
- At the siege of Delhi in September 1857, it suffered 46 of its total 57 fatal casualties and played a marginal role in the assault.
- Overall it saw minor action in other battles, with limited casualties. The majority of its casualties occurred at the decisive battle of Delhi.
Northumberland Fusiliers in 1857-59 Battles.pdfAgha A
The 1st Battalion of the 5th Regiment of Foot (Northumberland Fusiliers) was stationed in Mauritius when it was called to reinforce British forces in India during the 1857 uprising. The battalion arrived in Calcutta in July and August 1857. It participated in key battles including relieving Arrah where it suffered two casualties, the first relief of Lucknow where it suffered heavy losses and helped ensure the relief's success, the defense of the Lucknow garrison, and operations through 1858. The battalion performed outstandingly and suffered high casualties of 62 men, including five officers killed in action, primarily during the relief of Lucknow. Its role was pivotal in some of the major battles, but relatively minor in others
43 BALUCH IN 1971 AND INDIAN OFFICER WHO SAW THEMAgha A
1) The document analyzes the performance of the 43rd Baluch battalion in the 1971 war, which suffered heavy casualties after being poorly employed by incompetent commanders in the 88th Brigade.
2) When the 5th East Bengal battalion defected to the Indian side, the 43rd Baluch battalion was brought in to replace it, even though they were inexperienced and unprepared for the situation.
3) In an attack by Indian forces guided by defectors, the 43rd Baluch battalion suffered the highest fatalities of any battalion on the western front due to being put into a vulnerable position by the failed leadership of the 88th Brigade commander and 10th Division commander.
Battle of Gangiri-Heavy Price paid by HM 6 Dragoon Guards for Gallantry Agha A
Battle of Gangiri-Heavy Price paid by HM 6 Dragoon Guards for Gallantry https://www.academia.edu/52632772/Battle_of_Gangiri_Heavy_Price_paid_by_HM_6_Dragoon_Guards_for_Gallantry via @academia
4th Punjab Infantry now 9 FF Pakistan Army and 42 Highlanders led the Final ...Agha A
The 4th Punjab Infantry battalion arrived in Calcutta in November 1857, meaning it missed the decisive battles of the war, including the siege of Delhi and the relief and evacuation of Lucknow. The battalion's participation in the battle of Cawnpore was minimal and it suffered no casualties. The battalion played a significant role in the final assault on Lucknow in March 1858, leading the assault on Martiniere with the 4th Punjab Infantry while the 42nd Highlanders and 90th Foot attacked frontally. The British enjoyed overwhelming artillery superiority, evidenced by the 42nd Highlanders suffering only 10 fatal casualties over 10 days of operations culminating in the final capture of Lucknow.
WHY PAKISTAN ARMY OR INDIAN ARMY CAN NEVER PRODUCE A MUSTAFA KAMAL- SOMETHING...Agha A
WHY PAKISTAN ARMY OR INDIAN ARMY CAN NEVER PRODUCE A MUSTAFA KAMAL- SOMETHING SERIOUSLY WRONG IN THE GENES
April 2020
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.20723.27689
Project: MILITARY HISTORY
Agha H Amin
Codeless Generative AI Pipelines
(GenAI with Milvus)
https://ml.dssconf.pl/user.html#!/lecture/DSSML24-041a/rate
Discover the potential of real-time streaming in the context of GenAI as we delve into the intricacies of Apache NiFi and its capabilities. Learn how this tool can significantly simplify the data engineering workflow for GenAI applications, allowing you to focus on the creative aspects rather than the technical complexities. I will guide you through practical examples and use cases, showing the impact of automation on prompt building. From data ingestion to transformation and delivery, witness how Apache NiFi streamlines the entire pipeline, ensuring a smooth and hassle-free experience.
Timothy Spann
https://www.youtube.com/@FLaNK-Stack
https://medium.com/@tspann
https://www.datainmotion.dev/
milvus, unstructured data, vector database, zilliz, cloud, vectors, python, deep learning, generative ai, genai, nifi, kafka, flink, streaming, iot, edge
STATATHON: Unleashing the Power of Statistics in a 48-Hour Knowledge Extravag...sameer shah
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Open Source Contributions to Postgres: The Basics POSETTE 2024ElizabethGarrettChri
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Build applications with generative AI on Google CloudMárton Kodok
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Predictably Improve Your B2B Tech Company's Performance by Leveraging DataKiwi Creative
Harness the power of AI-backed reports, benchmarking and data analysis to predict trends and detect anomalies in your marketing efforts.
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This is the webinar recording from the June 2024 HubSpot User Group (HUG) for B2B Technology USA.
Watch the video recording at https://youtu.be/5vjwGfPN9lw
Sign up for future HUG events at https://events.hubspot.com/b2b-technology-usa/
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In my journey as the Senior Engineering Director and a pivotal member of Apache Airflow's Project Management Committee (PMC), I've witnessed Airflow transform data handling, making agility and insight the norm in an ever-evolving digital space. At Astronomer, our collaboration with leading AI & ML teams worldwide has not only tested but also proven Airflow's mettle in delivering data reliably and efficiently—data that now powers not just insights but core business functions.
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The ever-growing demands of AI and ML applications have ushered in an era where sophisticated data management isn't a luxury—it's a necessity. Airflow's innate flexibility and scalability are what makes it indispensable in managing the intricate workflows of today, especially those involving Large Language Models (LLMs).
This talk isn't just a rundown of Airflow's features; it's about harnessing these capabilities to turn your data workflows into a strategic asset. Together, we'll explore how Airflow remains at the cutting edge of data orchestration, ensuring your organization is not just keeping pace but setting the pace in a data-driven future.
Session in https://budapestdata.hu/2024/04/kaxil-naik-astronomer-io/ | https://dataml24.sessionize.com/session/667627
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Dynamic policy enforcement is becoming an increasingly important topic in today’s world where data privacy and compliance is a top priority for companies, individuals, and regulators alike. In these slides, we discuss how LinkedIn implements a powerful dynamic policy enforcement engine, called ViewShift, and integrates it within its data lake. We show the query engine architecture and how catalog implementations can automatically route table resolutions to compliance-enforcing SQL views. Such views have a set of very interesting properties: (1) They are auto-generated from declarative data annotations. (2) They respect user-level consent and preferences (3) They are context-aware, encoding a different set of transformations for different use cases (4) They are portable; while the SQL logic is only implemented in one SQL dialect, it is accessible in all engines.
#SQL #Views #Privacy #Compliance #DataLake
2. reflections on British Indian
Army recruitment as
discussed by family elders
July 2020
DOI:
10.13140/RG.2.2.21931.26408
Project:
MILITARY HISTORY
Agha H Amin
Discussed in detail in this scribes
book :--
4. Composition and myths about class
composition Paperback – December
5, 2019
https://www.amazon.com/Political-Consequences-British-Composition-
composition/dp/1091628475/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=political+consequence
s+%2C+agha+h+amin&qid=1595054788&s=books&sr=1-1
5. Product details
Paperback: 167 pages
Publisher: Independently published (December 5, 2019)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 1091628475
ISBN-13: 978-1091628472
Product Dimensions: 6 x 0.4 x 9 inches
Shipping Weight: 11 ounces
This short book deals with political consequences of soldiers from various
ethnicities on the recruitment policy of the British in India.This scribe is of the
view that political loyalty was the ultimate factor in British recruitment policy in
India starting from 1858.This book deals with First World War in particular.We will
start by examining each infantry unit of the British Army in 1914 and post first
world war.Firstly there are nonsense myths that have been repeated and
persist.Major General Fazal Muqeem Khan of Pakistan Army fallaciously claimed
that there were no all Muslim units in British Indian Army.This was totally false.
There were many all Muslim units between 1890 and 1914 and some till
1947.What Fazal Muqeem was trying to imply was that Muslims were regarded
as most dangerous and untrustworthy by the British.Interestingly the opposite is
true. For example Sikhs dominated fighting arms like infantry as late as end of
first world war but were reduced after 1918 as they exhibited politically defiant
anti British behavior in some units in first world war.On the other hand Punjabi
Muslim were most loyal in first world war and thus Punjabi Muslims quota in
infantry was increased and exceeded Sikh quota only after first world war
ended.This was not due to any fighting qualities but pure political loyalty.Such
was British mistrust of Sikhs that all Sikh units were mixed with Punjabi Muslim
companies.Two Pakistani origin authors are in lead in holding Guinness book
records of making false claims .Thus Major General Shaukat Riza on page-101
of Pakistan Army-1947-1949 published in 1989 makes an absolutely false and
unsubstantiated claim that “In 1939 about 70 % of the rank and file of Indian
Army was from Muslim tribes” . Shuja Nawaz on page-3 of his book “Crossed
Swords” falsely claims that Punjabi Muslims dominated British Indian Army.Thus
makes the factually false claim that “Punjabi Mussulmans dominated recruitment
during British period”.The correct position was from 1757 till 1885 the British
Indian Army was Hindustani majority.From 1885 till 1921 Sikhs were in the
highest numbers in infantry , the main fighting arm of the British Indian
Army.Kaushik Roy in an article in Journal of Military History of USA makes a
6. false and unsubstantiated assertion that Muslims were 45 % of the Bengal Army
that rebelled in 1857.
Political Consequences of First World War on British
Indian Armys Class Composition and myths about
class composition
by Agha H Amin | Dec 5, 2019
Paperback
$29.99$29.99
Ships to Pakistan
7. reflections on British Indian Army
recruitment as discussed by family
elders
Questioning is crucial form of
research and learning and here is
what this scribe learnt from questions
asked by one Mr Shahzad in our
whatsapp group.
A.H Amin bottomline is that british after 1857
had decided to trust only punjabis and pathans --
this followed following course (1) Hindustani
8. majority in Bengal army reduced to minority
between 1885 and 1914 (2) Punjabis and pathans
introduced in bombay and madras army -1880 to
1903 (3) Sikhs most preferred in INFANTRY and
CAVALRY from 1858 to 1922 (4) Sikhs lose to
Punjabi muslims in WW 1 as punjabi muslims more
loyal and punjabi muslims readch position 1 in
infantry and posn 2 in cavalry after 1922 (5)
Pashtuns also slightly reduced and TRIBALS reduced
substantially and replaced by khattak yusufzai
bangash orakzai etc (6) Hazaras eliminated due to
persian expedition defections by 1932 (7) baloch
also eliminated due to ww 1 defiance of baloch
sardars and almost nil by 1930
A.H Amin bottom line was reliability as a
britisher summed up in ireland in 1998-you dont
want a servant who f___s you or your wife
A.H Amin cause not analysed and put forward
by my maternal grandfather seventh generation
cavalry was EXTENSIVE use of local liquor and Bhang
9. in UP and Bihar which had made soldiers
erratic,Decadent and unreliable--In punjabs barani
area and NWFP this was less likely to happen
A.H Amin there are charge sheets of risaldars
abusing british adjutant as late as 1880s in front of
whole cavalry units-mostly hindustani and ranghar
A.H Amin if you study charge sheets in india
office library london between 1800 and 1900 you
have clear idea @ SHAHZAD UK
A.H Amin recruitment was complicated process
and my XXXXXXXX elder and relative from CID and
police served as recruitment officer in pindi from
1910 to 1925 and died in 1982. he explained to me
in great detail.
A.H Amin for recruitment officer read " police
officer doing clearances"
A.H Amin and main man who SCR_________D
SIKH recruitment was RM Hissamuddin in 23 Cavalry
10. later part of PAVO after 1922 in lahore in 1915
when he BUSTED 23 Cavalry mutiny and was
rewarded with commission
A.H Amin Effendi failed to discuss this most
important part of PAVO Cavalry history in his book
A.H Amin sikhs cursed him for ages--but now
knownj in pakistan
these are priceless NUGGETS i am sharing with you
and these come by word of mouth from family
elders @ SHAHZAD UK