Rani Lakshmibai was the queen of Jhansi, India during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. She was born in 1828 and trained in martial arts from a young age. After her husband's death, the British annexed Jhansi under the Doctrine of Lapse. Rani Lakshmibai rebelled against the British and emerged as a leader of the Indian rebellion. She fought bravely against the British forces but was killed in June 1858 during a battle near Gwalior. She is remembered as one of the leading figures of the rebellion who fought courageously for Indian independence.
Rani Lakshmibai was the queen of Jhansi in northern India during the 1857 Indian Rebellion against British rule. She was known for her bravery and military leadership during the rebellion. After the British annexed Jhansi under the Doctrine of Lapse, Lakshmibai raised an army of women warriors to defend the city. She led Jhansi's resistance against the British siege and fought several battles after being forced to flee. Lakshmibai demonstrated exceptional courage and fighting skills until she died from injuries sustained in her final battle at Gwalior at the young age of 29, becoming a iconic figure of Indian nationalism and women's empowerment.
The document discusses Brajabuli, a literary language popularized by the poet Vidyapati that was used by medieval Bengali poets such as Narottama Dasa. It also mentions the dum-dum bullet invented in 1896 and plays staged at the Jorasanko Natyashala, including Julius Caesar and Krishnakumari. Finally, it provides background information on the village of Barisha and identifies individuals such as Kangal Harinath, Saurav Ghoshal, Mrinal Sen and Bansi Chandragupta.
The document provides a detailed overview of the Rebellion of 1857 in India. It covers the origins, timeline, suppression, interpretations, patterns, and leadership of the rebellion. It also discusses the roles of sepoys, peasants, artisans, and the state of Awadh in the revolt. The document outlines the end of Mughal rule, grievances against British colonialism, the search for alternative power structures, and images/depictions of the rebellion in paintings, prints and films. It concludes with the administrative changes the British implemented in response like new laws, policies of repression, and portraying the rebellion as a mutiny to consolidate imperial power.
1) Abdul Ghaffar Khan founded the Khudai Khidmatgar movement in 1929, organizing Pashtuns in the Northwest Frontier Province to nonviolently oppose British rule through civil resistance.
2) Known as the "Red Shirts," members of the movement took a solemn oath to serve humanity nonviolently and help with social work for at least two hours daily.
3) The Khudai Khidmatgar movement saw some success in gaining concessions from the British and electing Ghaffar Khan's brother to lead the provincial government, but ultimately fell short of full independence for the region.
An informal quiz on scandals/affairs/controversies Rithwik K
The document discusses two famous couples:
1. Grace Kelly, who met Prince Rainier of Monaco when the director of Paris Match arranged for them to meet in 1955. They later married, making Kelly Princess of Monaco.
2. References to letters exchanged between a married woman and the man she fell in love with while her husband lived in Delhi and he in Lahore. They built a romantic relationship through their letters.
Major william alexander brown,mbe,sitara e pakistan british scot leader of gi...Agha A
This document provides a biography and obituary of Major William Alexander Brown, who played a key role in leading the Gilgit Rebellion in 1947 that resulted in Northern Areas and Baltistan being captured by Gilgit Scouts and acceding to Pakistan. Some key details:
- Brown was a British officer born in Scotland who joined the British Indian Army and was posted to Gilgit Scouts as Commandant in 1947.
- On October 31, 1947, Brown led the Gilgit Rebellion when the Gilgit Scouts planned to revolt as the Maharaja of Kashmir wanted to disband them. This resulted in the area becoming part of Pakistan.
- Brown received an MBE from the British government for his
The document summarizes the causes and events of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. It discusses how the British gradually undermined local rulers and imposed their authority, angering both royalty and peasants. Tensions increased as British policies interfered with religious customs and rights of sepoys. The rebellion began when sepoys in Meerut mutinied in May 1857, then marched to Delhi and declared the Mughal emperor their leader. The rebellion rapidly spread across North India as many rulers, peasants, and religious leaders joined to oppose British rule. Key leaders and centers of revolt are mentioned. The British fought back fiercely over two years to regain control, punishing many of the rebels and making major changes to secure their governance of India.
Rani Lakshmibai was the queen of Jhansi in northern India during the 1857 Indian Rebellion against British rule. She was known for her bravery and military leadership during the rebellion. After the British annexed Jhansi under the Doctrine of Lapse, Lakshmibai raised an army of women warriors to defend the city. She led Jhansi's resistance against the British siege and fought several battles after being forced to flee. Lakshmibai demonstrated exceptional courage and fighting skills until she died from injuries sustained in her final battle at Gwalior at the young age of 29, becoming a iconic figure of Indian nationalism and women's empowerment.
The document discusses Brajabuli, a literary language popularized by the poet Vidyapati that was used by medieval Bengali poets such as Narottama Dasa. It also mentions the dum-dum bullet invented in 1896 and plays staged at the Jorasanko Natyashala, including Julius Caesar and Krishnakumari. Finally, it provides background information on the village of Barisha and identifies individuals such as Kangal Harinath, Saurav Ghoshal, Mrinal Sen and Bansi Chandragupta.
The document provides a detailed overview of the Rebellion of 1857 in India. It covers the origins, timeline, suppression, interpretations, patterns, and leadership of the rebellion. It also discusses the roles of sepoys, peasants, artisans, and the state of Awadh in the revolt. The document outlines the end of Mughal rule, grievances against British colonialism, the search for alternative power structures, and images/depictions of the rebellion in paintings, prints and films. It concludes with the administrative changes the British implemented in response like new laws, policies of repression, and portraying the rebellion as a mutiny to consolidate imperial power.
1) Abdul Ghaffar Khan founded the Khudai Khidmatgar movement in 1929, organizing Pashtuns in the Northwest Frontier Province to nonviolently oppose British rule through civil resistance.
2) Known as the "Red Shirts," members of the movement took a solemn oath to serve humanity nonviolently and help with social work for at least two hours daily.
3) The Khudai Khidmatgar movement saw some success in gaining concessions from the British and electing Ghaffar Khan's brother to lead the provincial government, but ultimately fell short of full independence for the region.
An informal quiz on scandals/affairs/controversies Rithwik K
The document discusses two famous couples:
1. Grace Kelly, who met Prince Rainier of Monaco when the director of Paris Match arranged for them to meet in 1955. They later married, making Kelly Princess of Monaco.
2. References to letters exchanged between a married woman and the man she fell in love with while her husband lived in Delhi and he in Lahore. They built a romantic relationship through their letters.
Major william alexander brown,mbe,sitara e pakistan british scot leader of gi...Agha A
This document provides a biography and obituary of Major William Alexander Brown, who played a key role in leading the Gilgit Rebellion in 1947 that resulted in Northern Areas and Baltistan being captured by Gilgit Scouts and acceding to Pakistan. Some key details:
- Brown was a British officer born in Scotland who joined the British Indian Army and was posted to Gilgit Scouts as Commandant in 1947.
- On October 31, 1947, Brown led the Gilgit Rebellion when the Gilgit Scouts planned to revolt as the Maharaja of Kashmir wanted to disband them. This resulted in the area becoming part of Pakistan.
- Brown received an MBE from the British government for his
The document summarizes the causes and events of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. It discusses how the British gradually undermined local rulers and imposed their authority, angering both royalty and peasants. Tensions increased as British policies interfered with religious customs and rights of sepoys. The rebellion began when sepoys in Meerut mutinied in May 1857, then marched to Delhi and declared the Mughal emperor their leader. The rebellion rapidly spread across North India as many rulers, peasants, and religious leaders joined to oppose British rule. Key leaders and centers of revolt are mentioned. The British fought back fiercely over two years to regain control, punishing many of the rebels and making major changes to secure their governance of India.
Nana Sahib was a Maratha leader during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. He was adopted by Peshwa Baji Rao II and was set to inherit the throne. However, after Baji Rao's death in 1851, the British East India Company stopped Nana Sahib's pension. During the rebellion in 1857, Nana Sahib led forces of rebels in Kanpur. After capturing Kanpur, he declared himself Peshwa and called for the end of British rule. However, British forces later recaptured Kanpur and Nana Sahib fled, with his ultimate fate unknown.
The relationship between Queen Victoria and her Indian attendant Abdul Karim was deemed so controversial by Victoria's family that after her death in 1901 they tried to erase all evidence of Karim from royal history. Victoria had become very close with Karim, promoting him to a high position and trusting him as a close confidant. However, Victoria's family and staff disapproved due to racial prejudice and jealousy. After Victoria's death, her son Edward had all letters between Victoria and Karim burned and deported Karim back to India. It was not until a journalist discovered portraits of Karim in 2003 that the full story of Victoria's close relationship with Karim was uncovered through Victoria's Hindustani journals and information from Karim's
This document provides biographical details about Abdul Karim, who served as Queen Victoria's Indian attendant and secretary. Some key points:
- Karim was born in India and selected in 1887 to serve Victoria during her Golden Jubilee, gaining her affection.
- Over time, he was promoted to "Munshi" or secretary and taught Victoria Hindi, causing friction with the royal household who were uncomfortable with his rising influence and status.
- Victoria insisted on Karim's presence and honored him with a land grant in India, worrying about his future after her death due to hostility from relatives and staff.
- The close relationship between Victoria and Karim exacerbated tensions, though she dismissed complaints about
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers in the town of Meerut over new gunpowder cartridges greased with animal fat. It soon spread to other areas, led by figures such as Mangal Pandey, Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, Nana Sahib of Kanpur, and Begum Hazrat Mahal of Lucknow. Although the rebellion was eventually suppressed by the British, it marked the end of East India Company rule in India and the direct governance of India by the British Crown.
The 1857 uprising in India marked an important turning point in the country's struggle for independence from British rule. It was caused by many political, social, economic, religious and administrative factors that had led to growing resentment among Indian rulers, nobility, and soldiers. The introduction of new gunpowder cartridges greased with animal fat sparked the initial mutiny by Indian soldiers in Meerut, which then spread rapidly to other areas. While the revolt was suppressed due to lack of coordination and support, it ended Company rule in India and increased nationalist sentiments, paving the way for India's future independence movement.
This document provides an overview of India's freedom struggle presented by a student. It discusses the major religions in India, key figures and events in the independence movement, and the roles of important freedom fighters like Bhagat Singh, Mangal Pande, Tatya Tope, Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi, Sarojini Naidu, and Kasturba Gandhi. It also mentions Rabindranath Tagore, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Madan Mohan Malaviya as prominent leaders who contributed to the freedom struggle through non-violent means such as education reform. The document concludes with a photo gallery of freedom fighters.
The document discusses the Revolt of 1857 in India, also known as the First War of Indian Independence. It provides background on earlier rebellions and uprisings. The Revolt of 1857 began as a mutiny of Indian sepoys in the East India Company's army but eventually garnered mass participation. Political, social, religious, economic and military grievances all contributed to causes of the revolt. Key events included the capture and brief occupation of Delhi by rebel sepoys, and centers of revolt in Kanpur, Lucknow, and Jhansi led by Nana Saheb, Begum Hazrat Mahal, and Rani Laxmi Bai respectively. The revolt was suppressed by the British with
The 1857 revolt was a major uprising against British rule in India that involved many disgruntled groups. It was sparked by both long-standing political, economic, social and religious grievances as well as more immediate triggers. Key causes included the annexation of states, the doctrine of lapse, high taxation, loss of jobs and status for Indians, introduction of new firearms, and activities of Christian missionaries. The revolt began with mutiny by sepoys in Meerut and spread to Delhi and other regions, but lacked strong centralized leadership and coordination. It was eventually suppressed by the British through superior weapons and communication, though it highlighted weaknesses in colonial control and had important impacts like transferring power to the British government.
The Royal Pavilion as a Vision of Empirefauxtoegrafik
The Royal Pavilion in Brighton served as a military hospital for Indian soldiers during World War 1. This provided an opportunity to promote a vision of the British Empire to audiences in Britain and India. The hospital was portrayed as a place of royal benevolence where Indian soldiers received excellent care, helping to justify and legitimize continued British rule in India during a vulnerable time. Though not originally intended as a hospital, the Pavilion was chosen to emphasize Britain's royal patronage of Indian troops through its former use as a royal residence. The hospital experience was carefully stage-managed to portray an idyllic "Virtual India" for propaganda purposes while also sequestering influences that could undermine British authority such as Christianity or women.
This ppt is a short note on chapter the revolt of 1857. The revolt of 1857 also known as the first war of independence fought between east india company and the indian peasents,soilders and all people who were affected by the policies of east india company.
The document discusses an autobiography published in 1946 about the life of an Indian spiritual leader born in 1893 in India. The autobiography introduces the reader to his childhood, his encounters with spiritual figures from both the East and West, including accepting an invitation to speak in Boston in 1920. It provides an introduction to methods of attaining spiritual realization and Eastern spiritual thought, which was not widely available in 1946. The autobiography's writing was reportedly prophesied by a 19th century master.
The document summarizes the Revolt of 1857 in India, also known as India's First War of Independence. It began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers (sepoys) in the British East India Company's army in Meerut in May 1857 and soon escalated into a widespread rebellion across northern and central India. The rebellion challenged British rule in India and was finally suppressed by June 1858. The document outlines the various causes of the revolt as well as its key leaders and centers. It concludes by describing how the British regained control of India by 1859 through military campaigns, new laws, and some policy changes.
The document summarizes key events of the 1857 Indian Mutiny in Delhi, with a focus on the roles of the 60th Rifles and 2nd Gurkha Rifles. It describes the British artillery position at Bara Hindu Rao defended by these regiments. It provides details of attacks on the position in June and the defenses mounted by Major Reid of the 2nd Gurkha Rifles. It also outlines the final assault on Delhi led by General Wilson on September 14th, in which the 60th Rifles and 2nd Gurkha Rifles participated before helping occupy the city palace.
The document summarizes the key events and causes of the 1857 Indian rebellion against the British East India Company. It describes how the rebellion began with Indian soldiers refusing to use new cartridges due to religious reasons. This led to their arrest and sparked further unrest. The rebellion then spread to several major cities, with leaders like Nana Sahib and the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah II supporting the rebels. However, the rebellion ultimately failed due to lack of coordination, inferior resources compared to the British, and other native princes not joining. The British regained control of major cities by July 1858, crushing the rebellion.
Henry E. Day was born in 1824 in Maine and moved to Bridgeton, Maine as a child. In 1841, he left Maine to work clearing land for a plantation in Mississippi. He later moved to Cincinnati, Ohio where he was introduced to Mormonism. Day moved to Nauvoo, Illinois in 1842 where he worked for Joseph Smith and witnessed his leadership. In 1850, Day traveled by wagon train to Salt Lake City, arriving in July. He settled in Draper, Utah where he helped build fortifications and served in the Mormon militia. Day held leadership positions in the LDS church and had multiple wives and children before passing away in 1898.
The 1857 revolt was a major uprising against British rule in India. It began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers (sepoys) in the town of Meerut in May 1857 and erupted into wider rebellions across northern and central India. The rebellion posed a serious threat to British power but was eventually contained after the defeat of rebel forces in Gwalior in June 1858. Key leaders of the revolt included the Rani of Jhansi, Nana Sahib of Kanpur, Kunwar Singh, and Maulvi Ahmadullah. The revolt marked the end of East India Company rule and the direct governance of India by the British crown.
Revolt of 1857: India's first War of IndependenceRahul Singh
The document provides details about the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as India's First War of Independence or the Sepoy Mutiny. It began as a mutiny of sepoys (Indian soldiers) of the British East India Company's army on May 10, 1857 in Meerut, India. The rebellion soon spread to other areas and erupted into widespread civilian rebellions against British rule across northern and central India. Major hostilities were concentrated in the modern-day state of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and Delhi. The rebellion posed a major threat to British Company power in the region and was only contained after the fall of Gwalior on June 20, 1858.
The document summarizes the causes and key events of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. It discusses:
- Political, social, religious, economic, administrative, and military causes of the rebellion.
- Key starting points of the rebellion in Meerut and Delhi in May 1857. Rebel sepoys took control of Delhi and persuaded Bahadur Shah II to support them.
- Spread of the rebellion to other regions including Lucknow, Kanpur, Jhansi, and others. Key leaders included Nana Sahib, Begum Hazrat Mahal, and Rani Laxmibai.
- British suppression of the rebellion, with Delhi and other cities retaken by mid-1858. Key
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys in the town of Meerut on May 10, 1857 and escalated into widespread rebellions across northern and central India. The rebellion posed a major threat to British East India Company rule in the region. Key leaders of the rebellion included Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal emperor, Mangal Pandey, Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi, Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh, Nana Sahib of Kanpur, and others. The rebellion was ultimately suppressed by 1859, marking the end of Company rule and beginning of direct British rule over India.
Rani Lakshmi Bai was the queen of Jhansi who fought bravely against the British during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. She was born as Manikarnika Tambe in Varanasi and trained in martial arts from a young age. As queen of Jhansi, she refused to surrender her kingdom to the British and assembled an army including women to fight against them. After fierce battles where she fought while carrying her adopted son, she died fighting bravely against the British forces on June 17, 1858, becoming a symbol of Indian independence.
Rani Lakshmi Bai was a brave queen of Jhansi who fought against the British rule in India. She was born as Manikarnika in 1828 and was called Manu during her childhood. After her marriage to the king of Jhansi, she became known as Lakshmi Bai. When the British seized control of Jhansi after her husband's death, she began fighting to protect her kingdom. She led her forces in several battles including at Kalpi and Gwalior, where she was fatally wounded in June 1858 at the young age of 29. Her bravery and sacrifice fighting the British made her a symbol of Indian independence.
Nana Sahib was a Maratha leader during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. He was adopted by Peshwa Baji Rao II and was set to inherit the throne. However, after Baji Rao's death in 1851, the British East India Company stopped Nana Sahib's pension. During the rebellion in 1857, Nana Sahib led forces of rebels in Kanpur. After capturing Kanpur, he declared himself Peshwa and called for the end of British rule. However, British forces later recaptured Kanpur and Nana Sahib fled, with his ultimate fate unknown.
The relationship between Queen Victoria and her Indian attendant Abdul Karim was deemed so controversial by Victoria's family that after her death in 1901 they tried to erase all evidence of Karim from royal history. Victoria had become very close with Karim, promoting him to a high position and trusting him as a close confidant. However, Victoria's family and staff disapproved due to racial prejudice and jealousy. After Victoria's death, her son Edward had all letters between Victoria and Karim burned and deported Karim back to India. It was not until a journalist discovered portraits of Karim in 2003 that the full story of Victoria's close relationship with Karim was uncovered through Victoria's Hindustani journals and information from Karim's
This document provides biographical details about Abdul Karim, who served as Queen Victoria's Indian attendant and secretary. Some key points:
- Karim was born in India and selected in 1887 to serve Victoria during her Golden Jubilee, gaining her affection.
- Over time, he was promoted to "Munshi" or secretary and taught Victoria Hindi, causing friction with the royal household who were uncomfortable with his rising influence and status.
- Victoria insisted on Karim's presence and honored him with a land grant in India, worrying about his future after her death due to hostility from relatives and staff.
- The close relationship between Victoria and Karim exacerbated tensions, though she dismissed complaints about
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers in the town of Meerut over new gunpowder cartridges greased with animal fat. It soon spread to other areas, led by figures such as Mangal Pandey, Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, Nana Sahib of Kanpur, and Begum Hazrat Mahal of Lucknow. Although the rebellion was eventually suppressed by the British, it marked the end of East India Company rule in India and the direct governance of India by the British Crown.
The 1857 uprising in India marked an important turning point in the country's struggle for independence from British rule. It was caused by many political, social, economic, religious and administrative factors that had led to growing resentment among Indian rulers, nobility, and soldiers. The introduction of new gunpowder cartridges greased with animal fat sparked the initial mutiny by Indian soldiers in Meerut, which then spread rapidly to other areas. While the revolt was suppressed due to lack of coordination and support, it ended Company rule in India and increased nationalist sentiments, paving the way for India's future independence movement.
This document provides an overview of India's freedom struggle presented by a student. It discusses the major religions in India, key figures and events in the independence movement, and the roles of important freedom fighters like Bhagat Singh, Mangal Pande, Tatya Tope, Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi, Sarojini Naidu, and Kasturba Gandhi. It also mentions Rabindranath Tagore, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Madan Mohan Malaviya as prominent leaders who contributed to the freedom struggle through non-violent means such as education reform. The document concludes with a photo gallery of freedom fighters.
The document discusses the Revolt of 1857 in India, also known as the First War of Indian Independence. It provides background on earlier rebellions and uprisings. The Revolt of 1857 began as a mutiny of Indian sepoys in the East India Company's army but eventually garnered mass participation. Political, social, religious, economic and military grievances all contributed to causes of the revolt. Key events included the capture and brief occupation of Delhi by rebel sepoys, and centers of revolt in Kanpur, Lucknow, and Jhansi led by Nana Saheb, Begum Hazrat Mahal, and Rani Laxmi Bai respectively. The revolt was suppressed by the British with
The 1857 revolt was a major uprising against British rule in India that involved many disgruntled groups. It was sparked by both long-standing political, economic, social and religious grievances as well as more immediate triggers. Key causes included the annexation of states, the doctrine of lapse, high taxation, loss of jobs and status for Indians, introduction of new firearms, and activities of Christian missionaries. The revolt began with mutiny by sepoys in Meerut and spread to Delhi and other regions, but lacked strong centralized leadership and coordination. It was eventually suppressed by the British through superior weapons and communication, though it highlighted weaknesses in colonial control and had important impacts like transferring power to the British government.
The Royal Pavilion as a Vision of Empirefauxtoegrafik
The Royal Pavilion in Brighton served as a military hospital for Indian soldiers during World War 1. This provided an opportunity to promote a vision of the British Empire to audiences in Britain and India. The hospital was portrayed as a place of royal benevolence where Indian soldiers received excellent care, helping to justify and legitimize continued British rule in India during a vulnerable time. Though not originally intended as a hospital, the Pavilion was chosen to emphasize Britain's royal patronage of Indian troops through its former use as a royal residence. The hospital experience was carefully stage-managed to portray an idyllic "Virtual India" for propaganda purposes while also sequestering influences that could undermine British authority such as Christianity or women.
This ppt is a short note on chapter the revolt of 1857. The revolt of 1857 also known as the first war of independence fought between east india company and the indian peasents,soilders and all people who were affected by the policies of east india company.
The document discusses an autobiography published in 1946 about the life of an Indian spiritual leader born in 1893 in India. The autobiography introduces the reader to his childhood, his encounters with spiritual figures from both the East and West, including accepting an invitation to speak in Boston in 1920. It provides an introduction to methods of attaining spiritual realization and Eastern spiritual thought, which was not widely available in 1946. The autobiography's writing was reportedly prophesied by a 19th century master.
The document summarizes the Revolt of 1857 in India, also known as India's First War of Independence. It began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers (sepoys) in the British East India Company's army in Meerut in May 1857 and soon escalated into a widespread rebellion across northern and central India. The rebellion challenged British rule in India and was finally suppressed by June 1858. The document outlines the various causes of the revolt as well as its key leaders and centers. It concludes by describing how the British regained control of India by 1859 through military campaigns, new laws, and some policy changes.
The document summarizes key events of the 1857 Indian Mutiny in Delhi, with a focus on the roles of the 60th Rifles and 2nd Gurkha Rifles. It describes the British artillery position at Bara Hindu Rao defended by these regiments. It provides details of attacks on the position in June and the defenses mounted by Major Reid of the 2nd Gurkha Rifles. It also outlines the final assault on Delhi led by General Wilson on September 14th, in which the 60th Rifles and 2nd Gurkha Rifles participated before helping occupy the city palace.
The document summarizes the key events and causes of the 1857 Indian rebellion against the British East India Company. It describes how the rebellion began with Indian soldiers refusing to use new cartridges due to religious reasons. This led to their arrest and sparked further unrest. The rebellion then spread to several major cities, with leaders like Nana Sahib and the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah II supporting the rebels. However, the rebellion ultimately failed due to lack of coordination, inferior resources compared to the British, and other native princes not joining. The British regained control of major cities by July 1858, crushing the rebellion.
Henry E. Day was born in 1824 in Maine and moved to Bridgeton, Maine as a child. In 1841, he left Maine to work clearing land for a plantation in Mississippi. He later moved to Cincinnati, Ohio where he was introduced to Mormonism. Day moved to Nauvoo, Illinois in 1842 where he worked for Joseph Smith and witnessed his leadership. In 1850, Day traveled by wagon train to Salt Lake City, arriving in July. He settled in Draper, Utah where he helped build fortifications and served in the Mormon militia. Day held leadership positions in the LDS church and had multiple wives and children before passing away in 1898.
The 1857 revolt was a major uprising against British rule in India. It began as a mutiny of Indian soldiers (sepoys) in the town of Meerut in May 1857 and erupted into wider rebellions across northern and central India. The rebellion posed a serious threat to British power but was eventually contained after the defeat of rebel forces in Gwalior in June 1858. Key leaders of the revolt included the Rani of Jhansi, Nana Sahib of Kanpur, Kunwar Singh, and Maulvi Ahmadullah. The revolt marked the end of East India Company rule and the direct governance of India by the British crown.
Revolt of 1857: India's first War of IndependenceRahul Singh
The document provides details about the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as India's First War of Independence or the Sepoy Mutiny. It began as a mutiny of sepoys (Indian soldiers) of the British East India Company's army on May 10, 1857 in Meerut, India. The rebellion soon spread to other areas and erupted into widespread civilian rebellions against British rule across northern and central India. Major hostilities were concentrated in the modern-day state of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, northern Madhya Pradesh, and Delhi. The rebellion posed a major threat to British Company power in the region and was only contained after the fall of Gwalior on June 20, 1858.
The document summarizes the causes and key events of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. It discusses:
- Political, social, religious, economic, administrative, and military causes of the rebellion.
- Key starting points of the rebellion in Meerut and Delhi in May 1857. Rebel sepoys took control of Delhi and persuaded Bahadur Shah II to support them.
- Spread of the rebellion to other regions including Lucknow, Kanpur, Jhansi, and others. Key leaders included Nana Sahib, Begum Hazrat Mahal, and Rani Laxmibai.
- British suppression of the rebellion, with Delhi and other cities retaken by mid-1858. Key
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 began as a mutiny of sepoys in the town of Meerut on May 10, 1857 and escalated into widespread rebellions across northern and central India. The rebellion posed a major threat to British East India Company rule in the region. Key leaders of the rebellion included Bahadur Shah Zafar, the last Mughal emperor, Mangal Pandey, Rani Laxmibai of Jhansi, Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh, Nana Sahib of Kanpur, and others. The rebellion was ultimately suppressed by 1859, marking the end of Company rule and beginning of direct British rule over India.
Rani Lakshmi Bai was the queen of Jhansi who fought bravely against the British during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. She was born as Manikarnika Tambe in Varanasi and trained in martial arts from a young age. As queen of Jhansi, she refused to surrender her kingdom to the British and assembled an army including women to fight against them. After fierce battles where she fought while carrying her adopted son, she died fighting bravely against the British forces on June 17, 1858, becoming a symbol of Indian independence.
Rani Lakshmi Bai was a brave queen of Jhansi who fought against the British rule in India. She was born as Manikarnika in 1828 and was called Manu during her childhood. After her marriage to the king of Jhansi, she became known as Lakshmi Bai. When the British seized control of Jhansi after her husband's death, she began fighting to protect her kingdom. She led her forces in several battles including at Kalpi and Gwalior, where she was fatally wounded in June 1858 at the young age of 29. Her bravery and sacrifice fighting the British made her a symbol of Indian independence.
Rani Laxmibai was a pivotal figure in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. She was born in 1828 in Varanasi and educated at home in activities like shooting, horsemanship, and fencing. She married the Maharaja of Jhansi in 1842. After his death in 1853, the British annexed Jhansi under the Doctrine of Lapse. During the Rebellion of 1857, Rani Laxmibai led forces against the British to defend Jhansi. Though Jhansi fell, she escaped and continued fighting with Tatya Tope and other rebels. She died fighting the British at Gwalior in 1858 at age 29. She became a symbol of resistance against
The document provides biographical information about the Rani of Jhansi, Lakshmibai. It details that she was born in 1828 as Manikarnika Tambe and later renamed Lakshmibai after marrying the Maharaja of Jhansi. After her husband's death, the British East India Company annexed Jhansi under the Doctrine of Lapse. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against the British, Lakshmibai led the defense of Jhansi and emerged as a symbol of Indian resistance. She was killed in June 1858 while fighting British forces at Gwalior.
The 1857 revolt was sparked by various British policies that disrespected Indian traditions and rulers. The Doctrine of Lapse and other social changes angered both Hindus and Muslims. Key figures like Mangal Pandey, Rani Lakshmi Bai, and Bahadur Shah II led uprisings in many major cities across northern India. Although the revolt ultimately failed, it marked the beginning of the Indian independence movement and led the British to transfer power over India from the East India Company to the British Crown.
Rani Lakshmibai was the queen of Jhansi, a princely state in North India. After the death of her husband, the king, the British East India Company annexed Jhansi under the Doctrine of Lapse and forced Lakshmibai to leave the palace. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857, she emerged as a leading rebel leader, determined to regain control of Jhansi. She scored several victories against the British but was eventually killed in battle in June 1858. Her defiance and military skills made her a symbol of resistance against British colonial rule.
Rani Lakshmibai was the queen of Jhansi who led the Indian rebellion against the British in 1857. She was born in 1828 in Varanasi as Manikarnika Tambe and was later given the name Lakshmibai after marrying the king of Jhansi. After her husband's death, the British annexed Jhansi under the Doctrine of Lapse, sparking her rebellion against their rule. She defended Jhansi from British attack and later joined other rebel leaders, but was killed in battle near Gwalior in 1858 fighting bravely until the end.
Rani Laxmibai was a pivotal figure in the Indian Rebellion of 1857. She was born in 1828 in Varanasi and educated at home in activities like shooting and horseback riding. At age 14 she married the Maharaja of Jhansi. After his death in 1853, the British annexed Jhansi under the Doctrine of Lapse. When the Rebellion broke out in 1857, Rani Laxmibai refused British demands to surrender Jhansi. She led her forces in battle against the British for two weeks before escaping. She continued fighting alongside other rebels until she died in battle at Gwalior in 1858 at age 29, becoming a symbol of resistance against British rule.
Indian Freedom Fighter: Rani Laxmi Bai, the Rani of Jhansi (November 1835 – 17 June 1858) was the queen of the Maratha-ruled princely state of Jhansi, situated in the northern part of India. She was one of the leading figures of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and a symbol of resistance to the rule of the British East India Company in the subcontinent.
Get more information about Rani Laxmi Bai, Queen of Jhansi, visit: http://mocomi.com/rani-laxmi-bai/
The document summarizes the life and contributions of several important leaders of the Indian independence movement. It discusses Mahatma Gandhi's use of non-violence and truth to fight for independence. It also describes Bhagat Singh's revolutionary actions against the British including throwing a bomb in the legislative assembly. Bal Gangadhar Tilak is discussed as the "Father of Indian Unrest" who launched the Swadeshi movement and believed independence was India's birthright. Subhash Chandra Bose is mentioned for founding the Indian National Army to overthrow British rule in India. Finally, it provides details on Rani of Jhansi and her brave resistance against the British as a young widow.
Bahadur Shah, the Mughal emperor, was asked to lead the Indian rebellion against the British in 1857. On May 11th, rebel regiments from Meerut reached Delhi and asked for an audience with Bahadur Shah, which was granted the next day. Although dismayed by the disorder, Bahadur Shah publicly supported the rebellion. However, on May 16th British prisoners held in the palace were killed in front of Bahadur Shah to implicate him in the killings and prevent any compromise with the British. Bahadur Shah then issued a decree on May 12th urging all Indians to join the revolt and fight the British.
The document summarizes the partition of India in 1947 when the country was divided along religious lines into the secular state of India and the Islamic state of Pakistan. It describes the events leading up to partition, including the formation of the All India Muslim League and growing demands for a separate Muslim state. Key events during the partition process are outlined such as the Radcliffe Line that divided the provinces of Bengal and Punjab between India and Pakistan and sparked violence, and the massive population exchanges that occurred as millions of Hindus and Muslims crossed the new borders. The human costs of partition are also discussed.
Birsa Munda was a tribal leader in British-controlled India who led a revolt against colonial oppression in the late 1800s. As a young boy, Birsa experienced the hardships faced by tribal communities under British rule. He began spreading awareness of the injustices and organizing protests against the British. Birsa emerged as a successful leader, rallying tribal peoples and staging numerous demonstrations demanding their land rights be restored. Though his movement faded after his death in 1900 in a Ranchi jail at age 25, Birsa's efforts helped establish new laws protecting tribal land ownership and symbolized the strength and courage of tribal resistance to the British Raj.
Birsa Munda was a tribal leader in British-controlled India who led a revolt against colonial oppression in the late 1800s. As a young boy, Birsa experienced the hardships faced by tribal communities under British rule. He began spreading awareness of the injustices and organizing protests against the British. Birsa emerged as a successful leader, rallying tribal peoples and staging numerous demonstrations demanding their land rights be restored. Though his movement faded after his death in 1900 in a Ranchi jail at age 25, Birsa is remembered as a visionary who courageously fought for his community's liberation from British exploitation.
The document summarizes the impact of British rule in India in the mid-19th century, including the loss of power and authority experienced by Indian kings and rulers. It describes how various groups like peasants, sepoys, and religious communities grew unhappy with British policies. This led to a major rebellion in 1857 starting in Meerut, and spreading across northern and central India. Though the British eventually suppressed the rebellion by 1859, it changed their approach to ruling India going forward.
Rani Laxmibai was born in 1835 and became the Rani of Jhansi after marrying the Maharaja of Jhansi in 1842. When her son died as an infant and her adopted son was denied the throne by the British, she led the defense of Jhansi against the British for two weeks before escaping dressed as a man with her baby and weapons when the city fell. Rani Laxmibai fought bravely for Indian independence but ultimately lost her life at the age of 22 while battling the British on June 18, 1858.
Nana Saheb was adopted by the exiled Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao II and was heir to the throne. However, when Baji Rao died, the British East India Company stopped Nana's pension and took over the kingdom using the Doctrine of Lapse. During the 1857 revolt, Nana gained the trust of the British in Cawnpore but then joined the rebellion. He laid siege to the British forces and agreed to let them leave safely, but they were massacred at the Satichaura Ghat. Nana then disappeared and his fate remains unknown, though he came to symbolize the resistance against the British.
A city well known due to a woman - JhansiAnand Tomar
Jhansi is a city in Uttar Pradesh, India known for being the kingdom of Rani Lakshmibai. She was the queen of Jhansi who bravely fought against the British during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. As a woman, she led her soldiers into battle despite the British annexing Jhansi under the Doctrine of Lapse after her husband's death. On June 18, 1858 she died fighting British forces near Gwalior at the age of 29, becoming a symbol of Indian resistance. Today Jhansi is famous for its glass bangles and handicrafts, and the Rani Mahal palace has been converted into a museum housing artifacts from the 9th to 12th centuries
The document provides information on the causes and leaders of the 1857 revolt in India against British rule. It discusses religious, political, socio-economic and military causes for the revolt, including issues related to new Enfield rifle cartridges, land policies, taxation, and status of Indian soldiers. Key leaders who led revolt forces in different regions included Mangal Pandey, Nana Sahib, Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, Tatya Tope, Kunwar Singh, and Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh. The revolt ultimately failed due to lack of coordination, planning, weapons, and full popular support across India.
Project Serenity is an innovative initiative aimed at transforming urban environments into sustainable, self-sufficient communities. By integrating green architecture, renewable energy, smart technology, sustainable transportation, and urban farming, Project Serenity seeks to minimize the ecological footprint of cities while enhancing residents' quality of life. Key components include energy-efficient buildings, IoT-enabled resource management, electric and autonomous transportation options, green spaces, and robust waste management systems. Emphasizing community engagement and social equity, Project Serenity aspires to serve as a global model for creating eco-friendly, livable urban spaces that harmonize modern conveniences with environmental stewardship.
The Evolution of SEO: Insights from a Leading Digital Marketing AgencyDigital Marketing Lab
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This tutorial presentation offers a beginner-friendly guide to using THREADS, Instagram's messaging app. It covers the basics of account setup, privacy settings, and explores the core features such as close friends lists, photo and video sharing, creative tools, and status updates. With practical tips and instructions, this tutorial will empower you to use THREADS effectively and stay connected with your close friends on Instagram in a private and engaging way.
EASY TUTORIAL OF HOW TO USE REMINI BY: FEBLESS HERNANEFebless Hernane
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EASY TUTORIAL OF HOW TO USE G-TEAMS BY: FEBLESS HERNANEFebless Hernane
Using Google Teams (G-Teams) is simple. Start by opening the Google Teams app on your phone or visiting the G-Teams website on your computer. Sign in with your Google account. To join a meeting, click on the link shared by the organizer or enter the meeting code in the "Join a Meeting" section. To start a meeting, click on "New Meeting" and share the link with others. You can use the chat feature to send messages and the video button to turn your camera on or off. G-Teams makes it easy to connect and collaborate with others!
Lifecycle of a GME Trader: From Newbie to Diamond Handsmediavestfzllc
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2. BHAGATH SINGH
The great legend BHAGATH SINGH was born on 1907 In the city of
BANGA, PUNJAB, BRITISH INDIA (PREASENT DAY KNOWN AS PUNJAB
PAKISTHAN. He was born to KISHAN SINGH AND VIDYAVATI. At chalk no
He was a patriotic person against his country he loved his 105 GB Bangla
village, Jaron Wala tehsil in the LAYALLPUR DISTRICT of PUNJAB
PROVIENCE of BRITISH INDIA. He Had two uncles and two aunts. His
family was to active in Indian politics they also supported him in
patriotism. His both the uncles were left out from the prison when bhagat
Singh was born. They all were active in Indian independence movement.
His grand father was a follower of swami Dayanand Saraswathi's Hindu
reformist and his both the uncles were the members of the ghadar party.
Led by karat Singh surbahar and har dayal alit Singh was forced into the
the excite because there were to many court cases on him and swaran
singh died due to the release of prison and his ashamedness of going to
prison
3. IN HIS YOUNG AGE
In his young age of twelve he visited the Jallianwalahbagh Massacre this is the place
were the innocent people were killed by the BRITISHERS because of the people of
India were enforcing the BRITISHERS constituency and were daring to fight with the
BRITISHERS which was not profitable or expectable to the BRITISHERS officials and at
the age of fourteen he joined the protesters party of the people who were killed at the
GURUDWARA NANKANA SAHEB
IN HIS MOSTACHE AGE
At the date of 20 February 1921 Singh the follower of the father of the nation
Mahatma Gandhi became dishonest with him because he did not like the non-
violence movement of Mahatma Gandhi after that bhagat Singh led to a great
movement called the non-co-operation movement
4. QUEEN OF JHANSI:RANI LAKSHMI BAI
Early life
Rani Lakshmibai was born on 19 November 1828 in the town of Varanasi into
a Marathi Karhade Brahmin family. She was named Manikarnika Tambe and was
nicknamed Manu. Her father was Moropant Tambe and her mother Bhagirathi Sapre
(Bhagirathi Bai). Her parents came from Maharashtra.[10] Her mother died when she was
four years old. Her father was the Commander of the war of Kalyanpranth. Her father
worked for Peshwa Baji Rao II of Bithoor district ] The Peshwa called her "Chhabili", which
means "playful". She was educated at home, able to read and write, and was more
independent in her childhood than others of her age; her studies included shooting,
horsemanship, fencing[12][13] and mallakhamba with her childhood friends Nana
Sahib and Tatya Tope Rani Lakshmibai contrasted many of the patriarchal cultural
expectations for women in India's society at this time.[16]
Rani Lakshmibai was accustomed to riding on horseback accompanied by a small escort
between the palace and the temple although sometimes she was carried by palanquin.
Her horses included Sarangi, Pavan and Baadal; according to historians she rode Baadal
when escaping from the fort in 1858. The Rani Mahal, the palace of Rani Lakshmibai, has
now been converted into a museum. It houses a collection of archaeological remains of
the period between the 9th and 12th centuries AD.
5. HISTORY OF JHANSI
Manikarnika was married to the Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao Newalkar, in May 1842
and was afterwards called Lakshmibai (or Laxmibai) in honour of the Hindu goddess Lakshmi
and according to the Maharashtrian tradition of women being given a new name after
marriage. In 1851, she gave birth to a boy, later named Damodar Rao, who died four months
after birth. The Maharaja adopted a child called Anand Rao, the son of Gangadhar Rao's
cousin, who was renamed Damodar Rao, on the day before the Maharaja died. The adoption
was in the presence of the British political officer who was given a letter from the Maharaja
instructing that the child be treated with respect and that the government of Jhansi should be
given to his widow for her lifetime.
After the death of the Maharaja in November 1853, because Damodar Rao (born Anand Rao)
was an adopted son, the British East India Company, under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie,
applied the Doctrine of Lapse, rejecting Damodar Rao's claim to the throne and annexing the
state to its territories. When she was informed of this she cried out "Main apni Jhansi nahi
doongi" (I shall not surrender my Jhansi). In March 1854, Rani Lakshmibai was given an annual
pension of Rs. 60,000 and ordered to leave the palace and the fort..
According to Vishnu Bhatt Godse the Rani would exercise at weightlifting, wrestling and
steeplechasing before breakfast. An intelligent and simply-dressed woman, she ruled in a
business-like manner.
6. THE REBELION OF 1857
• On 19 May 1857 the Indian Rebellion started in Meerut. When news of the fighting reached Jhansi, the Rani asked the
British political officer, Captain Alexander Skene, for permission to raise a body of armed men for her own protection; Skene
agreed to this.[The city was relatively calm in the midst of the regional unrest, but the Rani conducted a Haldi Kumkum
ceremony with pomp in front of all the women of Jhansi to provide assurance to her subjects, in the summer of 1857 and to
convince them that the British were cowards and not to be afraid of them.
• Until this point, Lakshmibai was reluctant to rebel against the British. In June 1857, rebels of the 12th Bengal Native Infantry
seized the Star Fort of Jhansi containing the treasure and magazine,and after persuading the British to lay down their arms
by promising them no harm, broke their word and massacred 40 to 60 European officers of the garrison along with their
wives and children. The Rani's involvement in this massacre is still a subject of debate. An army doctor, Thomas Lowe, wrote
after the rebellion characterising her as the "Jezebel of India ... the young rani upon whose head rested the blood of the
slain".
• Four days after the massacre the sepoys left Jhansi, having obtained a large sum of money from the Rani, and having
threatened to blow up the palace where she lived. Following this, as the only source of authority in the city the Rani felt
obliged to assume the administration and wrote to Major Erskine, commissioner of the Saugor division explaining the
events which had led her to do so.2 July, Erskine wrote in reply, requesting her to "manage the District for the British
Government" until the arrival of a British Superintendent. The Rani's forces defeated an attempt by the mutineers to assert
the claim to the throne of a rival prince Sadashiv Rao (nephew of Maharaja Gangadhar Rao) who was captured and
imprisoned.
• There was then an invasion of Jhansi by the forces of Company allies Orchha and Datia; their intention however was to
divide Jhansi between themselves. The Rani appealed to the British for aid but it was now believed by the governor-general
that she was responsible for the massacre and no reply was received. She set up a foundry to cast cannon to be used on the
walls of the fort and assembled forces including some from former feudatories of Jhansi and elements of the mutineers
which were able to defeat the invaders in August 1857. Her intention at this time was still to hold Jhansi on behalf of the
British.
7. DEATH
• On 17 June in Kotah-ki-Serai near the Phool Bagh of Gwalior, a squadron of the 8th (King's Royal Irish) Hussars, under Captain Heneage,
fought the large Indian force commanded by Rani Lakshmibai, who was trying to leave the area. The 8th Hussars charged into the Indian
force, slaughtering 5,000 Indian soldiers, including any Indian "over the age of 16" They took two guns and continued the charge right
through the Phool Bagh encampment. In this engagement, according to an eyewitness account, Rani Lakshmibai put on a sowar's uniform
and attacked one of the hussars; she was unhorsed and also wounded, probably by his sabre. Shortly afterwards, as she sat bleeding by the
roadside, she recognised the soldier and fired at him with a pistol, whereupon he "dispatched the young lady with his carbine". According to
another tradition Rani Lakshmibai, the Queen of Jhansi, dressed as a cavalry leader, was badly wounded; not wishing the British to capture
her body, she told a hermit to burn it. After her death a few local people cremated her body.
• The British captured the city of Gwalior after three days. In the British report of this battle, Hugh Rose commented that Rani Lakshmibai is
"personable, clever and beautiful" and she is "the most dangerous of all Indian leaders". Rose reported that she had been buried "with great
ceremony under a tamarind tree under the Rock of Gwalior, where I saw her bones and ashes".
• Her tomb is in the Phool Bagh area of Gwalior. Twenty years after her death Colonel Malleson wrote in the History of the Indian Mutiny; vol.
3; London, 1878 'Whatever her faults in British eyes may have been, her countrymen will ever remember that she was driven by ill-treatment
into rebellion, and that she lived and died for her country, We cannot forget her contribution for India.'
• Descendant
• According to a memoir purporting to be by Damodar Rao, the young prince was among his mother's troops and household at the battle of
Gwalior. Together with others who had survived the battle (some 60 retainers with 60 camels and 22 horses) he fled from the camp of Rao
Sahib of Bithur and as the village people of Bundelkhand dared not aid them for fear of reprisals from the British, they were forced to live in
the forest and suffer many privations. After two years there were about 12 survivors and these, together with another group of 24 they
encountered, sought the city of Jhalrapatan where there were yet more refugees from Jhansi. Damodar Rao of Jhansi surrendered himself to
a British official and his memoir ends in May 1860. He was then allowed a pension of Rs. 10,000, seven retainers, and was in the
guardianship of Munshi Dharmanarayan.
8. DEATH CONTINUES
• Descendant
• According to a memoir purporting to be by Damodar Rao, the young prince was among his
mother's troops and household at the battle of Gwalior. Together with others who had survived
the battle (some 60 retainers with 60 camels and 22 horses) he fled from the camp of Rao Sahib
of Bithur and as the village people of Bundelkhand dared not aid them for fear of reprisals from
the British, they were forced to live in the forest and suffer many privations. After two years
there were about 12 survivors and these, together with another group of 24 they encountered,
sought the city of Jhalrapatan where there were yet more refugees from Jhansi. Damodar Rao
of Jhansi surrendered himself to a British official and his memoir ends in May 1860. He was
then allowed a pension of Rs. 10,000, seven retainers, and was in the guardianship of Munshi
Dharmanarayan.
9. KITTUR RANI CHANNAMA
EARLY LIFE
Kittul Rani Chinampa was born on 23 October 1778, in
Kakati, a small village in the present Belagavi District of
Karnataka, India. She belonged to the Lingayat
community and received training in horse riding, sword
fighting and archery from a young age.
She married Raja Milleara of the Desai family at the age
of 14.
10. FIGHT TO RETRIVE SUPREMACY OF KITTUR FROM
BRITISH
• Chinampa's husband died in 1824, leaving her with a son and a state full of volatility. This was
followed by her son’s death in 1824. Rani Chinampa was left with the state of Kittul and an
uphill task to save it from the British. Following the death of her husband and son, Rani
Chinampa adopted Shivalinga in the year 1824 and made him the heir to the throne. This irked
the East India Company, who ordered Shivalinga’s expulsion, on the pretext of the Doctrine of
Lapse. This doctrine was based on the idea that in case the ruler of an independent state died
childless, the right of ruling the State reverted or ‘lapsed’ to the sovereign. The state of Kittul
came under the administration of Dharwad collectorate in charge of St John Thackeray of which
Mr. Chaplin was the commissioner, both of whom did not recognize the new ruler and regent
and notified Kittul to accruing Chinampa sent a letter to Mountstuart Elphinstone, Lieutenant-
Governor of the Bombay Presidency pleading her cause, but the request was turned down, and
war broke out. The British tried to confiscate the treasure and jewels of Kittul, valued at around
1.5 million rupees. They attacked with a force of 20,797 men and 437 guns, mainly from the
third troop of Madras Native Horse Artillery the British regime.
11. CONTINUES
• In the first round of war, during October 1824, British forces lost heavily and St John Thackeray,
collector and political agent, was killed in the war. Amateur Palapa, a lieutenant of Chinampa,
was mainly responsible for his killing and losses to British forces. Two British officers, Sir Walter
Elliot and Mr. Stevenson were also taken as hostages. Ani Chinampa released them with an
understanding with Chaplin that the war would be terminated but Chaplin continued the war
with more forces. During the second assault, Sub collector of Solapur, Mr. Munro, nephew of
Thomas Munro was killed. Rani Chinampa fought fiercely with the aid of her lieutenant,
Sangallo Aryanna, but was ultimately captured and imprisoned at Bilingual Fort, where she died
on 21 February 1829. Chinampa was also helped by her lieutenant Guru Siddappa in the war
against British.
12. CONTINUES AGAIN
• Sangallo Aryanna, the army chief of Kittul Kingdom, continued the guerrilla war to 1829, in vain,
until his capture. He wanted to install the adopted boy Shivalinga as the ruler of Kittul, and
Sangallo Aryanna gave a valiant fight using Guerrilla war fare for the first time. Britishers could
not catch Aryanna in straight fights. Finally Aryanna's own uncle helped Britishers to capture
him and he was caught and hanged. Shivalinga was arrested by the British. Chinampa's legacy
and first victory are still commemorated in Kittul, during the Kittul Utseya that is held between
22nd–24th of October every year. The three-day festivities include sports, cultural programs,
and lectures by notable historians on the kingdom of Rani Chinampa.
13. SANGULI RAYANNA
Sangallo Aryanna (15 August 1796– 26 January
1831)[citation needed] was an Indian Military
Shetland (Saini) and warrior in the Kittul prince
state of the Karnataka. He was the Shetland of
the Kingdom of Kittul ruled at the time by Rani
Chinampa and fought the British East India
Company till his death. His life was the subject of
the 2012 Kannada film Sangallo Aryanna.
14. ACTIVITIES
• Sangallo Aryanna participated in the 1824 rebellion and was arrested by the British, who
released him later. He belongs to Kurumba Gowda community . He continued to fight the
British and wanted to install the adopted son of King Milleara and Rani Chinampa, namely
Shivalinga as the ruler of Kittul. He mobilized local people and started a guerilla type war
against the British. He and his guerrilla army moved from place to place, burnt government
offices, waylaid British troops and plundered treasuries. Most of his land was confiscated and
what remained of it was heavily taxed. He taxed the landlords and built up an army from the
masses. The British troops could not defeat him in open battle. Hence, by treachery, he was
caught in April 1830 and tried by the British; and sentenced to death. Shivalinga, the boy who
was supposed to be the new ruler, was also arrested by the British.
15. CONTINUES
• Aryanna was executed by hanging unto death from a Banyan tree about 4 kilometres from
Bandaged in Belagavi district on 26 January 1831.
• Aryanna was helped by Calavera, a Sidi warrior, in his revolt against the British in 1829–
30.buried near Bandaged. Legend says that a close associate Sangallo Bicaudate Bicaudate of
Aryanna planted a (banayan) sapling on his grave.The tree is fully grown and stands to this day.
An Ashoka Stambha was installed near the tree. A small temple in the name of Sangallo
Aryanna was constructed at Sangallo village, in which stands a statue of Aryanna flanked by
two wooden weights used for body building. Two wooden weights are original, those are was
used by Aryanna himself for body building. A community hall built in commemoration of
Aryanna at Sangallo serves the villagers of Sangallo.[citation needed] Karnataka Government
recently established Krantiveer Sangallo Aryanna authority it's work progress of Krantiveer
Sangallo Aryanna Saini school,"Shouryabhoomi" Krantiveer Sangallo Aryanna rock garden and
in "Veetabhoomi" Krantiveer Sangallo Aryanna musium.
16. RANIABAKKA
EARLY LIFE
The Chowtas followed the system of matrilineal inheritance (Aliyasantana) of
Digambara Jain Bunt community by which Tirumala Raya, Abbakka's uncle, crowned
her the queen of Ullal. He also forged a matrimonial alliance for Abbakka with
Lakshmappa Arasa Bangaraja II, king of Banga principality in Mangalore.This alliance
was to later prove a source of worry for the Portuguese. Tirumala Raya also trained
Abbakka in the different aspects of warfare and military strategy. The marriage,
however, was short-lived and Abbakka returned to Ullal. Her husband thus longed for
revenge against Abbakka and was to later join the Portuguese in their fight against
Abbakka.
17. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
• After overrunning Goa and taking control of it, the Portuguese turned their attention
southwards and along the coast. They first attacked the South Kanara coast in 1525 and
destroyed the Mangalore port. Ullal was a prosperous port and a hub of the spice trade to
Arabia and other countries in the west. Being the profitable trading center that it was, the
Portuguese, the Dutch and the British vied with one another for control of the region as well as
the trade routes. They, however, had not been able to make much headway as the resistance
from the local chieftains was very strong. The local rulers even forged alliances cutting across
castAbbakka's administration was well represented by Jains, Hindus as well as Muslims.
Historical research also reveals that during her rule in the 16th century, Beary men had served
as seamen in the naval force. Rani Abbakka had personally supervised the construction of dam
at Malali; she had appointed Bearys for boulder work. Her army too consisted of people of all
sects and castes. She even forged alliances with the Zamorin of Calicut. Together, they kept the
Portuguese at bay. The marital ties with the neighbouring Banga dynasty added further
strength to the alliance of the local rulers. She also gained support from powerful king
Venkatappanayaka of Bidnur and ignored the threat of Portuguese forcese and religious lines.
18. BATTLE AGAINST PORTUGESE
• The Portuguese, clearly upset by Abbakka's tactics, demanded that she pay them tribute but
Abbakka refused to yield. In 1555, the Portuguese sent Admiral Dom Álvaro da Silveira to fight
her after she refused to pay them tribute. In the battle that followed, Rani Abbakka once again
managed to hold her own and repulsed the attack successfully.In 1557, the Portuguese
plundered Mangalore and laid waste to it. In 1568, they turned their attention to Ullal but
Abbakka Rani resisted them yet again. João Peixoto, a Portuguese general and a fleet of
soldiers were sent by the Portuguese Viceroy António Noronha. They managed to capture the
city of Ullal and also entered the royal court. Abbakka Rani, however, escaped and took refuge
in a mosque. The same night, she gathered around 200 of her soldiers and mounted an attack
on the Portuguese. In the battle that ensued, General Peixoto was killed,seventy Portuguese
soldiers were taken prisoners and many of the Portuguese retreated. In further attacks,
Abbakka Rani and her supporters killed Admiral Mascarenhas and the Portuguese were also
forced to vacate the Mangalore fort.
19. CONTINUES
• The Portuguese not only regained the Mangalore fort but also captured Kundapur (Basrur).
Despite these gains, Abbakka Rani continued to remain a source of threat. With the help of the
queen's estranged husband, they mounted attacks on Ullal. Furious battles followed but
Abbakka Rani held her own. In 1570, she formed an alliance with the Bijapur Sultan of Ahmed
Nagar and the Zamorine of Calicut, who were also opposing the Portuguese. Kutty Pokar
Markar, the Zamorine's general fought on behalf of Abbakka and destroyed the Portuguese
fort at Mangalore but while returning he was killed by the Portuguese. Following these losses
and her husband's treachery, Abbakka lost the war, was arrested and jailed. However, even in
prison she revolted and died fighting.
20. FOLKLORE AND LEGEND
• According to traditional accounts, she was an immensely popular queen and this is also
attested by the fact that she is even today a part of folklore. The queen's story has been retold
from generation to generation through folk songs and Yakshagana, a popular folk theatre in
Coastal Karnataka. In Daiva Kola, a local ritual dance, the persona in trance recounts the great
deeds of Abbakka Mahadevi. Abbakka is portrayed as dark and good looking, always dressed in
simple clothes like a commoner. She is portrayed as a caring queen who worked late into the
night dispensing justice. Legends also claim that Abbakka was the last known person to have
used the Agnivana (fire-arrow) in her fight against the Portuguese. Some accounts also claim
that she had two equally valiant daughters who fought alongside her in her wars against the
Portuguese.
21. SUBHASH CHANDRA BOSE
BIOGRAPHY
Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23 January 1897 in Cuttack,
Orissa Division, Bengal Province, to Prabhavati Dutt Bose and
Janakinath Bose, an advocate belonging to a Bengali Kayastha
family.He was the ninth in a family of 14 children. His family was well
to do.
He was admitted to the Protestant European School (presently
Stewart High School) in Cuttack, like his brothers and sisters, in
January 1902. He continued his studies at this school which was run
by the Baptist Mission up to 1909 and then shifted to the
Ravenshaw Collegiate School. After securing the second position in
the matriculation examination in 1913, he was admitted to the
Presidency College where he studied briefly. He was influenced by
the teachings of Swami Vivekananda and Ramakrishna after reading
their works at the age of 16. He felt that his religion was more
important than his studies.
22. CONTINUES
• In those days, the British in Calcutta often made offensive remarks to the Indians in public
places and insulted them openly. This behavior of the British as well as the outbreak of World
War I began to influence his thinking.
• His nationalistic temperament came to light when he was expelled for assaulting Professor
Oaten (who had manhandled some Indian students for the latter's anti-India comments. He
was expelled although he appealed that he only witnessed the assault and did not actually
participate in it.He later joined the Scottish Church College at the University of Calcutta and
passed his B.A. in 1918 in philosophy.
23. THE INC: INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
• He started the newspaper Swaraj and took charge of publicity for the Bengal Provincial
Congress Committee. His mentor was Chittaranjan Das who was a spokesman for aggressive
nationalism in Bengal. In the year 1923, Bose was elected the President of All India Youth
Congress and also the Secretary of Bengal State Congress. He was also the editor of the
newspaper "Forward", founded by Chittaranjan Das.Bose worked as the CEO of the Calcutta
Municipal Corporation for Das when the latter was elected mayor of Calcutta in 1924. In a
roundup of nationalists in 1925, Bose was arrested and sent to prison in Mandalay, where he
contracted tuberculosis.
• In 1927, after being released from prison, Bose became general secretary of the Congress party
and worked with Jawaharlal Nehru for independence. In late December 1928, Bose organised
the Annual Meeting of the Indian National Congress in Calcutta. His most memorable role was
as General Officer Commanding (GOC) Congress Volunteer Corps.Author Nirad Chaudhuri
wrote about the meeting:
24. CONTINUES
• Bose organized a volunteer corps in uniform, its officers were even provided with steel-cut
epaulettes ... his uniform was made by a firm of British tailors in Calcutta, Harman's. A telegram
addressed to him as GOC was delivered to the British General in Fort William and was the
subject of a good deal of malicious gossip in the (British Indian) press. Mahatma Gandhi as a
sincere pacifist vowed to non-violence, did not like the strutting, clicking of boots, and saluting,
and he afterward described the Calcutta session of the Congress as a Bertram Mills circus,
which caused a great deal of indignation among the Bengalis.
• A little later, Bose was again arrested and jailed for civil disobedience; this time he emerged to
become Mayor of Calcutta in 1930.
25.
26. NAZI GERMAN
• Bose's arrest and subsequent release set the scene for his escape to Germany, via Afghanistan
and the Soviet Union. A few days before his escape, he sought solitude and, on this pretext,
avoided meeting British guards and grew a beard. Late night 16 January 1941, the night of his
escape, he dressed as a Pathan (brown long coat, a black fez-type coat and broad pyjamas) to
avoid being identified. Bose escaped from under British surveillance from his Elgin Road house
in Calcutta on the night of 17 January 1941, accompanied by his nephew Sisir Kumar Bose, later
reaching Gomoh Railway Station in the then state of Bihar, India. He journeyed to Peshawar
with the help of the Abwehr, where he was met by Akbar Shah, Mohammed Shah and Bhagat
Ram Talwar. Bose was taken to the home of Abad Khan, a trusted friend of Akbar Shah's. On 26
January 1941, Bose began his journey to reach Russia through British India's North West
frontier with Afghanistan. For this reason, he enlisted the help of Mian Akbar Shah, then a
Forward Bloc leader in the North-West Frontier Province. Shah had been out of India en route
to the Soviet Union, and suggested a novel disguise for Bose to assume. Since Bose could not
speak one word of Pashto, it would make him an easy target of Pashto speakers working for
the British. For this reason, Shah suggested that Bose act deaf and dumb, and let his beard
grow to mimic those of the tribesmen. Bose's guide Bhagat Ram Talwar, unknown to him, was a
Soviet agent.
27. DEATH
• In the consensus of scholarly opinion, Subhas Chandra Bose's death occurred from
third-degree burns on 18 August 1945 after his overloaded Japanese plane crashed
in Japanese-ruled Formosa (now Taiwan). However, many among his supporters,
especially in Bengal, refused at the time, and have refused since, to believe either
the fact or the circumstances of his death.Conspiracy theories appeared within hours
of his death and have thereofter had a long shelf life, keeping alive various martial
myths about Bose.
28. CONTINUES
• In Taihoku, at around 2:30 pm as the bomber with Bose on board was leaving the standard path taken
by aircraft during take-off, the passengers inside heard a loud sound, similar to an engine backfiring.The
mechanics on the tarmac saw something fall out of the plane. It was the portside engine, or a part of it,
and the propeller. The plane swung wildly to the right and plummeted, crashing, breaking into two, and
exploding into flames. Inside, the chief pilot, copilot and Lieutenant-General Tsunamasa Shidei, the Vice
Chief of Staff of the Japanese Kwantung Army, who was to have made the negotiations for Bose with the
Soviet army in Manchuria, were instantly killed. Bose's assistant Habibur Rahman was stunned, passing
out briefly, and Bose, although conscious and not fatally hurt, was soaked in gasoline.When Rahman
came to, he and Bose attempted to leave by the rear door, but found it blocked by the luggage. They
then decided to run through the flames and exit from the front.The ground staff, now approaching the
plane, saw two people staggering towards them, one of whom had become a human torch. The human
torch turned out to be Bose, whose gasoline-soaked clothes had instantly ignited. Rahman and a few
others managed to smother the flames, but also noticed that Bose's face and head appeared badly
burned. According to Joyce Chapman Lebra, "A truck which served as ambulance rushed Bose and the
other passengers to the Nanmon Military Hospital south of Taihoku." The airport personnel called Dr.
Taneyoshi Yoshimi, the surgeon-in-charge at the hospital at around 3 pm. Bose was conscious and
mostly coherent when they reached the hospital, and for some time thereafter.Bose was naked, except
for a blanket wrapped around him, and Dr.Yoshimi immediately saw evidence of third-degree
29. CONTINUES
• burns on many parts of the body, especially on his chest, doubting very much that he would
live. Dr. Yoshimi promptly began to treat Bose and was assisted by Dr. Tsuruta. According to
historian Leonard A. Gordon, who interviewed all the hospital personnel later,
• A disinfectant, Rivamol, was put over most of his body and then a white ointment was applied
and he was bandaged over most of his body. Dr. Yoshimi gave Bose four injections of Vita
Camphor and two of Digitamine for his weakened heart. These were given about every 30
minutes. Since his body had lost fluids quickly upon being burnt, he was also given Ringer
solution intravenously. A third doctor, Dr. Ishii gave him a blood transfusion. An orderly, Kazuo
Mitsui, an army private, was in the room and several nurses were also assisting. Bose still had a
clear head which Dr.Yoshimi found remarkable for someone with such severe injuries.
• Soon, in spite of the treatment, Bose went into a coma. A few hours later, between 9 and 10 pm
(local time) on Saturday 18 August 1945, Bose died aged 48.
30. DEATH
• Bose's body was cremated in the main Taihoku crematorium two days later, 20 August 1945. On 23
August 1945, the Japanese news agency Do Trzei announced the death of Bose and Shidea. On 7
September a Japanese officer, Lieutenant Tatsuo Hayashida, carried Bose's ashes to Tokyo, and the
following morning they were handed to the president of the Tokyo Indian Independence League, Rama
Murti. On 14 September a memorial service was held for Bose in Tokyo and a few days later the ashes
were turned over to the priest of the Renkōji Temple of Nichiren Buddhism in Tokyo. There they have
remained ever since.
• Among the INA personnel, there was widespread disbelief, shock, and trauma. Most affected were the
young Tamil Indians from Malaya and Singapore, both men and women, who comprised the bulk of the
civilians who had enlisted in the INA.The professional soldiers in the INA, most of whom were Punjabis,
faced an uncertain future, with many fatalistically expecting reprisals from the British. In India the Indian
National Congress's official line was succinctly expressed in a letter Mohandas Karamchand (Mahatma)
Gandhi wrote to Rajkumari Amrit Kaur. Said Gandhi, "Subhas Bose has died well. He was undoubtedly a
patriot, though misguided."Many congressmen had not forgiven Bose for quarrelling with Gandhi and
for collaborating with what they considered was Japanese fascism. The Indian soldiers in the British
Indian army, some two and a half million of whom had fought during the Second World War, were
conflicted about the INA. Some saw the INA as traitors and wanted them punished; others felt more
sympathetic. The British Raj, though never seriously threatened by the INA, tried 300 INA officers for
treason in the INA trials, but eventually backtracked.