This document discusses neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) and their impact. It defines NTDs as communicable diseases prevalent in tropical areas that affect neglected populations. NTDs cause significant morbidity through conditions like anemia and pain. They impair development and food security. When considered together, NTDs are the second leading cause of death after HIV. NTDs disproportionately impact vulnerable groups and represent a long-term disease burden if left untreated. The document examines specific NTDs and their transmission patterns and global distribution.
This article aims to present the real causes of pandemics based on expert opinion and show how to prevent them in the future. The dominant opinion of these experts is that humanity will have to make profound changes in its relationship with nature to prevent new pandemics from happening that threaten its very existence.
The coronavirus may not, in retrospect, prove to be the tipping point that upends human civilization as we know it, but it should serve as a warning that we will experience ever more such events in the future as the world heats up
Microbes and vectors swim in the evolutionary stream, and they swim faster than we do. Bacteria reproduce every 30 minutes. For them, a millennium is compressed into a fortnight. They are fleet afoot, and the pace of our research must keep up with them, or they will overtake us. Microbes were here on earth 2 billion years before humans arrived, learning every trick for survival, and it is likely that they will be here 2 billion years after we depart ......
El 6 de mayo de 2015, la Fundación Ramón Areces celebró una nueva conferencia del ciclo 'Guerras, catástrofes, crisis: lecciones de Historia económica'. En esta ocasión, el profesor Bruce M. S. Campbell, de la Queen’s University, habló sobre 'La Peste Negra del siglo XIV: una reinterpretación'. Este ciclo está organizado en colaboración con el Instituto Figuerola de Historia y Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.
This article aims to present the real causes of pandemics based on expert opinion and show how to prevent them in the future. The dominant opinion of these experts is that humanity will have to make profound changes in its relationship with nature to prevent new pandemics from happening that threaten its very existence.
The coronavirus may not, in retrospect, prove to be the tipping point that upends human civilization as we know it, but it should serve as a warning that we will experience ever more such events in the future as the world heats up
Microbes and vectors swim in the evolutionary stream, and they swim faster than we do. Bacteria reproduce every 30 minutes. For them, a millennium is compressed into a fortnight. They are fleet afoot, and the pace of our research must keep up with them, or they will overtake us. Microbes were here on earth 2 billion years before humans arrived, learning every trick for survival, and it is likely that they will be here 2 billion years after we depart ......
El 6 de mayo de 2015, la Fundación Ramón Areces celebró una nueva conferencia del ciclo 'Guerras, catástrofes, crisis: lecciones de Historia económica'. En esta ocasión, el profesor Bruce M. S. Campbell, de la Queen’s University, habló sobre 'La Peste Negra del siglo XIV: una reinterpretación'. Este ciclo está organizado en colaboración con el Instituto Figuerola de Historia y Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.
Lymphatic filaraisis as neglected tropical disease. The past and current efforts of Egypt in elimination. Egypt has now reached the elimination of lymphatic filaraisis as a public health problem. And joined 10 countries in that triumph around the world.
This resource pack supports the Spanish Flu simulator at http://resources.modelling4all.org/spanish-flu/teacher-guide-to-spanish-flu-simulation.
More people died from the 1918-1920 Spanish Influenza pandemic than there were casulties as a result of the First World War. This world-wide epidemic caused by influenza viruses led to between 50 and 100 million deaths in 1918 and 1919 (as much as 1 of every 18 people).
Many researchers have suggested that the conditions of the war significantly aided the spread of the disease. And others have argued that the course of the war (and subsequent peace treaty) was influenced by the pandemic.
Zoonoses pandemics and the Urgency of a “Zooimmunocament”ijtsrd
The recurrence of animal to man pathologies and its lethality has motivated our inquiry into a rethink of our relationship with fauna species. Mindful of the lethality of zoonoses, the duration to develop vaccines for the prevention of zoonoses, the inevitable interaction of fauna and humans, the fragile nature of the human immune system to fight zoonoses, this paper proposes a “zooimmunocament” which humanity needs to borrow the genetic and immunologic ingredients from the fauna species where they don’t develop a malady and used for his therapy. This therapy is far from vaccines. Humanity thanks to his evolutionary advancement in intelligence can control and make use of the fauna immune system for the fight against zoonotic zoonoses pathologies. Since those pathogens in fauna species do not cause harm, humanity can exploit the set up of their defense system for a possible therapy thus the appellation zooimmunocament. Ezekiel Kikoh | Ngai Roland Yinkfu "Zoonoses-pandemics and the Urgency of a “Zooimmunocament”" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38457.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/philosophy/38457/zoonosespandemics-and-the-urgency-of-a-“zooimmunocament”/ezekiel-kikoh
Chik-V & Jamaican Indigeneity: Reflections of the Accompong MaroonsAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The pursuit of this study was to establish how members of the Accompong maroon settlement in Jamaica survived the Chikungunya virus(Chik-v) with fewer reported cases as opposed to the rest of the country. The results of this research create heightened awareness on the Maroon culture in contemporary Jamaica, as well as how the virus was controlled from a disaster management cycle perspective. The disaster risk reduction strategies employed by the Maroons show that critical to their disaster epidemiology is indigenous knowledge forms, as it helps to address the prevention and spreading of vector-borne diseases, as well as situational awareness to generate information and construct mitigation strategies. This study showed that while indigenous knowledge forms do exist in this space, it is not purely indigenous, as residents had to depend on
Urbanization and Global Biosecurity: A Dangerously Neglected Dimension in DOD Doctrine and National Security Policy. Mad Scientist 2016: Megacities and Dense Urban Areas in 2025 and Beyond. Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (Apr 21 2016 - Apr 22 2016)
Lymphatic filaraisis as neglected tropical disease. The past and current efforts of Egypt in elimination. Egypt has now reached the elimination of lymphatic filaraisis as a public health problem. And joined 10 countries in that triumph around the world.
This resource pack supports the Spanish Flu simulator at http://resources.modelling4all.org/spanish-flu/teacher-guide-to-spanish-flu-simulation.
More people died from the 1918-1920 Spanish Influenza pandemic than there were casulties as a result of the First World War. This world-wide epidemic caused by influenza viruses led to between 50 and 100 million deaths in 1918 and 1919 (as much as 1 of every 18 people).
Many researchers have suggested that the conditions of the war significantly aided the spread of the disease. And others have argued that the course of the war (and subsequent peace treaty) was influenced by the pandemic.
Zoonoses pandemics and the Urgency of a “Zooimmunocament”ijtsrd
The recurrence of animal to man pathologies and its lethality has motivated our inquiry into a rethink of our relationship with fauna species. Mindful of the lethality of zoonoses, the duration to develop vaccines for the prevention of zoonoses, the inevitable interaction of fauna and humans, the fragile nature of the human immune system to fight zoonoses, this paper proposes a “zooimmunocament” which humanity needs to borrow the genetic and immunologic ingredients from the fauna species where they don’t develop a malady and used for his therapy. This therapy is far from vaccines. Humanity thanks to his evolutionary advancement in intelligence can control and make use of the fauna immune system for the fight against zoonotic zoonoses pathologies. Since those pathogens in fauna species do not cause harm, humanity can exploit the set up of their defense system for a possible therapy thus the appellation zooimmunocament. Ezekiel Kikoh | Ngai Roland Yinkfu "Zoonoses-pandemics and the Urgency of a “Zooimmunocament”" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38457.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/philosophy/38457/zoonosespandemics-and-the-urgency-of-a-“zooimmunocament”/ezekiel-kikoh
Chik-V & Jamaican Indigeneity: Reflections of the Accompong MaroonsAJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: The pursuit of this study was to establish how members of the Accompong maroon settlement in Jamaica survived the Chikungunya virus(Chik-v) with fewer reported cases as opposed to the rest of the country. The results of this research create heightened awareness on the Maroon culture in contemporary Jamaica, as well as how the virus was controlled from a disaster management cycle perspective. The disaster risk reduction strategies employed by the Maroons show that critical to their disaster epidemiology is indigenous knowledge forms, as it helps to address the prevention and spreading of vector-borne diseases, as well as situational awareness to generate information and construct mitigation strategies. This study showed that while indigenous knowledge forms do exist in this space, it is not purely indigenous, as residents had to depend on
Urbanization and Global Biosecurity: A Dangerously Neglected Dimension in DOD Doctrine and National Security Policy. Mad Scientist 2016: Megacities and Dense Urban Areas in 2025 and Beyond. Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona (Apr 21 2016 - Apr 22 2016)
1-What are the challenges in combating emerging and reemerging disease.docxKevinjrHWatsono
1.What are the challenges in combating emerging and reemerging diseases?
2.Discuss some of the examples given your book.
3.Some steps we can take to prevent an outbreak of the diseases.
Emerging Infectious Diseases LEARNING OBJECTIVE 14-19 List several probable reasons for emerging infectious diseases, and name one example for each reason. Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) are diseases that are new or changing, are showing an increase in incidence in the CHAPER 14 . Princlples of Disease and Epidemiologg 411. recem past, or show a potential to increase in the near future (see Chapter 1). An emerging disease can be caused by a virus. a bacterium, a fungus, a protonoan, or a helminth. About 75% of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, mainly of viral origin, and are likely to be vecton borne. Several criteria are used for identifyiog an HiD, For exam. ple, some diseases present symptoms that are cleady disinctive from all other diseases. Some are recogrized because improved diagnostic techniques allow the identification of a new parbogen. Others are identified when a local disease becoines widespread, a rare diskase becomes common, a mild diseas becomes more severe, or an increase in life span permits a alow. disease to develop. Examples of emerging infectious diseases are listed in Table 14.5 and described in the boses in Chapters 8 and 13 (pages 218 . and 367 ) . A variety of factoss contribute to the emerpence of nicw infectious diseases: - New srains, such as E. coli 0157417 and avian influcaza (H5N1). may result from genetic recoenbination between organisms. - A new serovar, sich as Videio dolerae O139, may resulh from changes in or the evolution of existing microorga niams. - The widespread, and sometimes unwarranted, use of antiblotics and pesticides encourages the growth of mote resistant populations of microbes and the vectors (mosquitoes, lice, and eicks) that carry then. - Clobal warming and changes in weather patterns mayy increase the distribution and survival of reervairs and vectors. resulting in the insrodaction and dissemination of diseases. such as malaria and Handavines palmonary syndrome. - Known diseases, such as Zika virus discase, chikungganya. dengue, and West Nile encephalitis, may spread to new geographic areas by modern transportation. This was less likely 100 years ago, when tavel took vo long that infected traveless either died or recovered during passage - Insect vectors transported to new areas can transmit infections brought by human traveles. The African yellow fever mosquito. Aedes aedppli came to the Anecicas with the first European explorers. Yellow ficver yinus was also. brought to the Americas with those first exploren, and A aegypti transmitted the disease to native populations and immigrants alike. The A sian eiger mosquito, A . allopitrie, was. inadvertently brought to Texas on a cargo ship from lapan in 1985. Both Ades ypecies are now estaklished throughout the southem and southwestern stares..
LIVING WITH THE EARTHCHAPTER 7EMERGING DISEASES.docxcroysierkathey
LIVING WITH THE EARTH
CHAPTER 7
EMERGING DISEASES
Esherichia coli on EMB plate
Objectives for this chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
1. Differentiate the emerging infectious diseases in the United States and those occurring worldwide.
2. List and recognize the 6 major reasons associated with the emergence of infectious diseases.
3. Explain the likely reasons for the emergence of specific infectious diseases.
Objectives for this chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
4. Identify, list, and explain the etiological agents, the epidemiology, and the disease characteristics of the major emerging infectious diseases including: influenza, hanta virus, dengue fever, ebola, AIDs, Cryptosporidiosis, Malaria, Lyme disease, Tuberculosis, Streptococcal infections, and E. coli infections.
Objectives for this chapter
A student reading this chapter will be able to:
5.Recognize and explain the practical approaches to limiting the emergence of infectious diseases.
EMERGING DISEASES
INTRODUCTION
Infectious diseases continue to be the foremost cause of death worldwide.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported a 58 percent rise in deaths from infectious diseases since 1980.
Emerging Diseases in the United States
Cryptosporidium
AIDS
Escherichia coli
Hanta Virus
Lyme Disease
Group A Strep
Emerging Diseases Worldwide
What is an Emerging Infectious Disease
The term "emerging infectious diseases" refers to diseases of infectious origin whose incidence in humans has either increased within the past two decades or threatens to increase in the near future.
REASONS FOR THE EMERGENCE OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE
There are a number of specific explanations responsible for disease emergence that can be identified in most all cases (Table 7-1a-d).
Table 7-1a
Viral
Viral diseases that have been identified since 1973
1977 Ebola, Marburg
Origin undetermined. (Importation of monkeys associated with outbreaks in these primates in Europe and the United States)
1980 HTLV Influenza (pandemic)
Pig-duck agriculture thought to contribute to reassortment of avian and mammalian influenza viruses
1983 HIV
Transmission by intimate contact as in sexual transmission, contaminated hypodermic needles, transfusions, organ transplants. Contributing condition that spread the disease include war or civil conflict, urban decay, migration to cities and travel
1989 Hepatitis C
Transmission in infected blood such as by transfusions, contaminated hypodermic needles, and sexual transmission
1993 Hantaviruses
Increased contact with rodent hosts because of ecological or environmental changes
Adapted from Morse.24
Table 7-1b
Viral Diseases that have re-emerged
Argentine, Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
Agricutural changes that promote growth of rodents
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (cattle)
Alterations in the rendering of meat products
Dengue, dengue hemorrhagic fever
...
this ppt is made by shrikrishna kesharwani , student of urban planning,4th year, Manit , Bhopal,
in this ppt, I have discussed how to do pandemic or epidemic management in detail.,
Historical Background on Genesis of Epidemics, Plant Quarantine & Phytosani...Mir G.
With the increasing international travel and trade globalization, the persistence of trans-boundary plant/animal/human diseases in the world poses a serious risk to world humans/animal/ agriculture/food security and jeopardizes international trade. See the timeline of pandemics/epidemics that, in ravaging human populations and changed history. Many destructive plant pathogens have emerged via human-assisted global migration movement from their native geographic range to a new environment. Examples of dangerous pathogens/diseases disseminated during the transboundary movement of seeds and other planting materials in international trade and exchange caused havoc and leading to profound political, economic, and social consequences. In this context, the awareness of quarantine & certification measures are compulsory in the present scenario.
3 best reasons that describe Will There Be a Next Pandemic? | The Lifescience...The Lifesciences Magazine
Here are 3 best reasons that describe Will There Be a Next Pandemic? ;
1. What role does climate change play in the next pandemic?
2. How do we monitor for the next outbreak?
3. How do we prepare for the next pandemic?
Similar to Reemergence of old neglected tropical diseases related to the Panama Canal (20)
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
3.
climate change - such as global
warming, phenomena of the child/of the
Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the girl
(AENOS),
population growth unprecedented in the
region and not always with an appropriate
health infrastructure (not controlled or
planned urbanization)),
5.
Last year, in Panama, the largest number of
deaths from dengue hemorrhagic fever since
the last reinfestation by Aedes mosquito
aegypti in 1985.
Around 2000 cases of classic dengue
7.
Two megaprojects of the time
1850 The Panamá railroad
discovery of gold in California in the latter
part of 1848
1914. the Panama Canal.
8. What happened two
centuries ago
FERDINAND DE LESSEPS
The French started to build the
canal in 1850 until they fell into
the historical financial disaster
that led into bankruptcy in 1885;
after a second attempt with
another French company started
in 1989, they decided to sell the
rights for the building of the
canal to the United States, for
40 million dollars in 1902.
9. but the health aspects were
especially important. Death
and suffering and disease
were the principal
characteristics in this period
of time
10.
The workers were
constantly attacked with
fever and
malaria, and, though the
whole working party was
changed every week, it
was necessary to keep
constantly importing
others to take the places
of those who fell sick or
died.
11.
12. It was the prospective home
of M. Jules Dingler directorgeneral of the first French
company
he never occupied it.
cost including the grounds
is said to have been about
$50,000.
one of the saddest incidents
in French canal history.
he is credited with having
said, "I am going to show
them, that only drunkards
and the dissipated contract
yellow fever and die."
Afterwards his son, daughter
and wife died of yellow
fever. Then he relinquished
his post and went back to
France
13. It was the era of the
megaconstruction of
the Panama canal
The great
transformation
faced deteriorated
due to rapid
immigration, the
But the process
concentration of
itself, also produced
this population in risk situations, such as
the cities. The
the proliferation of
excavations and large
response of the
ditches, which were
institutions of the
important under the
State were not at
epidemiological point
the same speed.
of view
15. But... the French
failed in its mission.
What happened
then?
But... the
hospitals are also
needed
16.
17.
When the United
States started into
build the Panama
Canal, the first duty
was the sanitation of
the area. Col.
William Gorgas was
in charge of it
18.
He was fresh from his successes in
Cuba, where he had, applied the lessons of
sanitation that had been learned by Dr.
Carlos Finlay in their remarkable series of
experiments with yellow fever, who found
out that a mosquito was the transmitter of
this disease.
19.
he was assisted by a number of
experienced surgeons, as well as by Major
Roland Ross, the man who had proven the
mosquito theory of the causation of
malaria
Gorgas bases his strategy on a mass
sanitation.
He proposes the construction of 10 clinics
(outpatient) along all the waterway, between
Panama and Colon
20.
21.
22. Distribution of the workers for 1913 :
Antillanos
29667
Chinos
15000
Españoles
8722
Italianos
1941
Colombianos
1403
Panameños
357
Ticos
244
Franceses
19
Armenios
14
No
Clasificados
69
23. WHEN IT MOVED FROM THIS…
AND GRADUALLY CAME TO
THIS…
25.
they are repeated, but magnified
tremendously, events of that first Republic.
We are living in an era with similar
characteristics
26.
27. The extension works, initiated since
September 2007, with a value of
5,250 million dollars of which 3.2
billion are aimed at the design and
construction of a third set of locks,
work that has advanced 22%
28.
29.
30. EL CONTEXTO GEOGRÁFICO
cuentan con la mayoría de los recursos naturales y
ambientales disponibles en el territorio nacional.
Climate Intertropical
Region
high rainy season
precipitation temperatures
Tropical diseases:
Malaria.
Dengue.
Leishmaniasis.
Enf. de Chagas
37. Is the main vector - trypanosoma cruzi
in Panama and the single triatomineo
transimisor Trypanosoma rangeli here
in Panama
It is a hematophagous insect of the
order diptera, family Reduviidae,
subfamily Triatominae
great ability to invade and
colonize human
habitation.
38. Main reservoirs are the
mammals (90%), mainly
zariguellas.
47% Collected triatomine
were positive by
trypanosomes of which
85% corresponded to T.
cruzi and the rest to T.
rangeli.
Héctor Paz
40. Leishmaniasis
The regions most
affected are
Colon, Bocas del
Toro, Coclé, Darie
n, Panama. East
and Western
Panama recorded
incidence
rates, during all
the period, rates
higher than the
national rate.
41. The presence of livestock in the
basin has left deep marks on its
natural resources. Firstly, it has
caused the Elimination of important
forest areas. The loss of plant cover,
in turn, increases levels of sediment
entering the Lakes of the channel,
influencing the quality of its waters.
Studies on water quality in different
points of the basin indicate that
direct animal contact with bodies of
water affects the concentration of
micro-organisms harmful to human
health.
44. Probably the first formal
discussion about ND was
held in 1977, with the
Rockefeller Foundation,
establishing the “Great
Neglected Diseases of
Man Kind Program”,
focusing in collaborative
researches on malaria in
poor countries.
One of the first
authors that
defined the criteria
for NTD was
Ehrenberg
(Ehrenberg & Ault
2005).
They pose a major challenge to the
fulfillment of the Millennium Development
Goals; hence, there is involved an ethical and
strategic component in the control of these
diseases.
In general
terms the so
called ND are
those related to
the also
called, neglecte
d population.
are
communicable
diseases from
the tropical
areas of the
world.
45.
a changing world where borders between countries
are disappearing
Global communication and technology make global
communities
migratory movements have increased
Typology of population movement according to the
characteristics of onset, cause, direction and
motivation. Lechat (1976); Shears (1991); and others
mega projects need the contribution of human
resources from many different part of the globe
new transport infrastructure allows parasites and
vectors to travel greater distances
population resettlement may introduce parasite
carriers to receptive areas or to those who are not
immune to pathogens transmitted by vectors.
46. There is a great variety of diseases
considered as NTD´s depending of the
region of the world, history and resources
(Weekly epidemiological record, No. 13, 25
march 2011)
47.
Dengue. A mosquito-borne viral
disease.
Rabies. A viral zoonotic disease.
Trachoma. A bacterial infection
of the eye caused by Chlamydia
trachomatis.
Buruli ulcer. A severe sken
disorder caused by the
bacterium Mycobacterium.
Endemic treponematoses.
(yaws, endemic syphilis and
pinta.
Leprosy. A chronic bacterial
infection caused by the bacillus
Mycobacterium.
Chagas disease (American
trypanosomiasis) .
Human African trypanosomiasis
(sleeping sickness).
Leismaniasis
Cysticercosis. A severe helmint
infection.
Dracunculiasis. (guinea-worm
disease) A helminth infection.
Food borne trematode
infections. A group of parasitic
worm infection.
Lymfatic filariasis.
Onchocerciasis. (river blindness)
Shistosomiasis (bilharziasis)
Soil transmited helminthiases.
48.
49. other author (N. Akritidis )
Although prions cannot strictly
considers Parasitic, fungal be considered to be infectious
and prion zoonoses as other agents, as they are not
less classic ND. a list that is pathogens as such, BSE
likely to expand in the future possesses all the typical
characteristics of a zoonotic
as novel human immune
infection. the disease induced in
compromised
humans, variant Creutzfeldt–
Jakob disease behave as a typical
zoonosis.
50.
51.
high financial burden to the individual, the
family, the community, the country and even
the region – impairing its development.
Since most are zoonosis, they represent a
serious menace to food security, and
adversely affect opportunities for income
generation.
long-lasting sequels' and cause persisting
symptoms if the infestation remains
untreated.
52.
causes significantly more accumulated
morbidity (anemia, chronic diarrhea and
pain, undernutrition from protein
loss, exercise intolerance, infertility, poor
school performance) than previously
thought (King CH, Dickman K, Tisch DJ
53.
affect the most vulnerable people (women,
children, eldest, migrant, inmuno supressed,
indigenous population, minority ethnic
groups, refugees. This confers the attention
of NTD an ethical component
When all the NTD are put together in a single
rate, these represent the second cause of
death after HIV.
54.
Are responsible of 27% of lost disabilityadjusted life years. According to WHO
(2006) ranked sixth among the ten leading
causes of Disability Adjusted Life Years
(DALYS) is the aggregated measure of 11 of
the NTDs
55.
56.
Hotez et.al(2010) consider that such diseases
are not confined to developing nations. He
estimates that millions of Americans living in
poverty also suffer from NTD-like infections.
Parasitic diseases such as
cysticercosis, Chagas
disease, trichomoniasis and toxocariasis
occur with high frequency in our inner
cities, post-Katrina Louisiana, other parts of
the Mississippi Delta, the border region with
Mexico, and Appalachia
57.
CHAGAS DISEASE afflicts an estimated
300,000 people in the U.S. Screening of
donated blood, started in 2007, finds that
cases are concentrated in areas with large
numbers of immigrants from Latin America
living in substandard housing.(Hotez et.al
2010)
58.
59.
It consists of a group of parasitic
diseases, caused by different species of
Leishmania
It is a zoonosis
Discovered by Brazilian scientists in 1909
In Panama the first indigenous case was
reported by Dr. S. T. Darling in 1910.
60. VISION TO SMEAR MICROSCOPY
In the host
vertebrate
intracellular
amastigotes
(aflagelado))
74.
Globalization has led to massive migratory
movements; unplanned urbanization and the fast
conexion between massive transport media have
made more dangerous these diseases since many of
them are zoonosis and vector transmitted diseases.
According to the International Organization for
Migration (IOM) (2009), more than 200 million people
are estimated to be international migrants; another 26
million are internally displaced in at least 52 countries
as a result of conflict. Overall migrants comprise 3% of
the world’s population (IOM 2009).
75.
Migration, poverty and disease is many times
a funest triangle that leads to more disease,
more poverty and more under develope.
For example, some authors found that
leismaniasis is four times more frequent
among people with protein-energy
malnutrition (Machado-Coelho et al. 2005)
76.
Since the focus is given to the international heath, then
the strategies derived from it suggest a strong
international cooperation.
Following the initative proposed in the first Universities
allied for esential medicines neglected diseases and
innovation symposium.
Finally, I consider that one of the main issues related to
the problem of NTDs in general and to leishmaniasis in
particular is the one related to vaccination and
medication.