The document discusses how climate change is increasing mosquito-borne illnesses like malaria in coastal areas. Rising temperatures allow mosquitos to survive longer and complete their lifecycles, enabling the spread of parasites. Models project malaria distribution expanding as temperatures rise above 17°C, threatening populations where preventative measures are not continued. Actions like limiting deforestation and improving water sanitation can help curb mosquito habitats and illness transmission.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution Class 9 Study Material pdf free download
michael1.pptx
1. Climate Change and the
Increase in Mosquito-
Borne Illnesses in
Coastal Areas
MICHAEL SCOGNOMILLO
2. Malaria
Mosquito-borne parasite that infects the
red blood cells of humans.
Caused by four Plasmodium parasites; P.
falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P.
malariae.
Malaria can cause flu-like symptoms,
fever, chills, sweats, headaches, Nausea
and vomiting, body aches, and malaise.
Severe cases of malaria can cause deadly
complications such as organ failure,
hemoglobinuria (hemoglobin in urine),
acute respiratory distress syndrome,
hyperparasitemia (more than 5% of red
blood cells are infected), etc.
CDC, 2018.
3.
4.
5. Infection Rates
1,700 cases diagnosed in the United States each year
◦ Primarily in return travelers and immigrant populations (“import” malaria)
212 million cases globally
429,000 deaths in 2015
In Africa, malaria costs around $12 billion a year in treatment, prevention, and premature death.
Preventative efforts and medical treatment from the CDC and WHO have saved around 6.8
million lives
CDC, 2018.
6. Vector
Malaria is spread by the bite of the female
Anopheles mosquito.
This species of mosquito is located world
wide including in the United States.
The mosquito becomes infected with the
Plasmodium parasite by feeding on the
blood of an infected human.
The mosquito ingests the gametocytes
(Sexually reproducing cells) of the parasite,
which will take between 10-18 days to grow
inside the mosquito.
CDC, 2018.
7. Life Cycle
Once the parasite mature into a motile
stage it migrates to the salivatory glands
of the mosquito. It gets injected into a
human when the mosquito goes for a
blood meal.
The parasite infects liver cells where it
further matures into a schizont (asexual
reproduction). This stage allows the
parasite to reproduce asexually. In two
weeks the parasite will multiply into
thousands of cells and will migrate to the
red blood cells. This is when symptoms
start to arise. The parasites then have the
ability to become gametocytes (sexual
reproduction) and spread to another
mosquito to infect more hosts.
CDC, 2018.
8.
9. Temperature and
Malaria
• Between the temperatures of 17◦C - 33◦C
adult Anopheles mosquitos can survive up to
35 days.
• Between the temperatures of 16◦C - 35◦C
allows for more juvenile mosquitos to
develop into adulthood.
• 30◦C is the optimal temperature for the
Plasmodium parasites to grow.
• Temperatures below 15◦C will not support
the growth of P. vivax.
• Temperatures below 20◦C will not support
the growth of P. falciparum.
Beck-Johnson, 2013.
10. Malaria Distribution Models
A. Malaria distribution prior to 1952
B. Current Malaria distribution
C – F. Malaria distribution if current
preventative measures continue
D. Malaria distribution based on
climate data for P. falciparum
E. Malaria distribution without
preventative measures
G. Malaria distribution focusing on
arid areas
Caminade et al, 2014.
14. What Can be Done?
The best method to prevent the spread of mosquito-borne illnesses would be to cut emissions
entirely.
Prevent the formation of wetlands and marshlands by cutting back on deforestation and dam
production.
Improve water purification systems and chlorinate pools and inevitable bodies of stagnant water.
Improvement on public health services and insurance coverage for low income and minority
communities.
Provide chemoprophylaxis and other medical preventative measures to people in high risk areas.
Public efforts to combat vectors through the use of pesticides and mosquito repellants.
◦ Currently, DDT is the most used pesticide against malaria carrying Anopheles. So the development of safer
pesticides is necessary.
Nabi & Qader, 2009.
15. Bibliography
Beck-Johnson LM, Nelson WA, Paaijmans KP, Read AF, Thomas MB, Bjørnstad. “The effect of temperature on Anopheles mosquito
population dynamics and the potential for malaria transmission.” PLoS One, 8(11). 2013 Nov 14.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3828393/
Caminade C, Kovats S, Rocklov J, et al. “Impact of climate change on global malaria distribution.” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 111(9):3286–
3291. 3 Feb, 2014. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3948226/
Center for Disease Control and Prevention, “Malaria Transmission in the United States.” U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, 23 July, 2018. www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/us_transmission.html
DeWeerdt Sarah, “With Half-Measure Against Climate Change, Millions of People could Feel the Bite.” Anthropocene, 2 Apr, 2019.
www.anthropocenemagazine.org/2019/04/with-half-measures-against-climate-change-millions-of-people-could-feel-the-bite/
Feldscher Karen, “Assessing the impact of Climate Change on Malaria.” Harvard School of Public Health, 25 Oct, 2017.
www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/features/climate-change-malaria/
Francis, D. J, “Deadly AIDS policy failure by the highest levels of the US government: A personal look back 30 years later for lessons to
respond better to future epidemics.” Journal of Public Health Policy, 33: 290. 16 Aug, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2012.14
Mali Sonja, et al, “Malaria Surveillance – United States, 2007.” Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 58(SS-2): 1-16. 17 Apr, 2009.
www.jstor.org/stable/42568298.
Nabi S, Qader S. “Is Global Warming likely to cause an increased incidence of Malaria?.” Libyan J Med, 4(1):18–22. 1 Mar 2009.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3066711/
Winston SE, Beckwith CG. “The impact of removing the immigration ban on HIV-infected persons.” AIDS Patient Care STDS 25(12):709–711.
25 Dec, 2011. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3263303/