1) The study examined the use of mupirocin nasal ointment to reduce conjunctival bacterial flora prior to cataract surgery or vitreoretinal procedures. 2) Patients were randomized to either a control group receiving no treatment or a treatment group applying mupirocin ointment to their nostrils daily for 5 days before surgery. 3) Conjunctival cultures showed significantly lower bacterial growth in the treatment group both before and after povidone-iodine application, suggesting mupirocin helps reduce conjunctival contamination and may lower postoperative endophthalmitis risk.