This document summarizes information from a presentation on reducing greenhouse gas emissions in Hawaii. It discusses Hawaii's reliance on imported fossil fuels, goals to reduce emissions through renewable energy and efficiency. It also outlines threats from climate change through sea level rise, ocean acidification, and ecosystem impacts. The presentation examines Hawaii's efforts through the Global Warming Solutions Act and the modeling work of the University of Hawaii Economic Research Organization's Energy and Greenhouse Gas Solutions group to analyze policy options and impacts.
Boom or bust – the future prospects for biofuels and oilseed growersNNFCC
This presentation was given by NNFCC’s Policy and Strategy Manager David Turley at the United Oilseeds and HGCA oilseeds update meeting in February 2013.
Presentation given by Abigail Gonzalez Diaz of the University of Edinburgh on "Gas CCUS in Mexico" at the UKCCSRC Gas CCS Meeting, University of Sussex, 25 June 2014
Boom or bust – the future prospects for biofuels and oilseed growersNNFCC
This presentation was given by NNFCC’s Policy and Strategy Manager David Turley at the United Oilseeds and HGCA oilseeds update meeting in February 2013.
Presentation given by Abigail Gonzalez Diaz of the University of Edinburgh on "Gas CCUS in Mexico" at the UKCCSRC Gas CCS Meeting, University of Sussex, 25 June 2014
The presentation describes the complete energy scenario of World and India as of 2020. It also describes the prime energy sources that the entire world depends on.
Whether it is to reduce CO2 emissions and mitigate climate change, because the reserves of easy accessible fossil fuels are shrinking, or for geopolitical reasons, it looks like the world economy will have to move away from fossil fuels in the coming decades. Given the massive role of fossil fuels today, this is an enormous challenge. Ensuring our future energy supply without fossil fuels will need a radical reorientation.
In which technologies should governments, companies and institutions invest? That is the question. This paper contains some initial thought exercises that could lead to an answer.
Design and testing of a vertical axis turbine drivenby automotive drag as an ...Jomar Basto
Undergraduate thesis submitted by B.S Mechanical Engineering Students of University of Perpetual Help System Laguna (2016-2017). For reference purpose only.
The absence of electricity in rural areas is one of the major challenges faced by many developing countries like Algeria. This work has been devoted to the design of an off-grid renewable hybrid power system for a rural village in the region of Tindouf located in south Algeria. The main objective of this study is to determine the optimum size of the hybrid power system able to fulfill the requirements of 709 kWh/day primary load with 66 kW peak load for a remote area of 230 households. This study is based on simulation and optimization of a (PV-Diesel) and (PV-GPL) hybrid system with a technical-economic analysis. Simulation results showed that electrifying using a PV/GPL generator hybrid system is more advantageous when compared to the PV/diesel generator hybrid system as it has lower operating costs and emissions. The comparison is based on per unit cost of electrical energy production, operating cost of conventional fossil fuel-based energy sources and pollutants gases reduction.
TiE Bangalore UNDP Energy programme and EnterpreneurshipTiE Bangalore
A Talk by Dr. S.N. Srinivas on on some of the project initiatives at UNDP, their implications to policy making, opportunities it has created/ can create for entrepreneurs.
Challenges & opportunities for renewable energy in indiaSoumyadeep Bhunia
This is a Report describes the overview of the renewable energy sources in India and potentiality of power generation and also includes the rules and regulations for the non conventional energy.
Could Photovoltaic Parks be More Profitable as an Investment Compared to Tree...Scientific Review SR
Food security and access to electricity are considered core elements forthedevelopment of modern societies. In some cases, energy supplies are prioritized and therefore may compete with food resources. Since 2009, the sudden increase of photovoltaic system investments in Greece and particularly in Crete, as an effort to comply with the European directives on sustainable energy sources, led tothe replacement of many fieldsof traditional agricultural cultivations (such as olive and orange trees) with photovoltaic parks.The aim of this paper is to estimate the economic benefit of the investment of photovoltaic parks on farmlands compared to the cultivation of olive and citrus crops.To this end, two different scenarios were investigated. In the first scenario, the replacement of a 1000 m2 olive grove area,located in highly productive land, witha small photovoltaic park of 25 kW was investigated. The second scenarioconsidersa much larger photovoltaic park of 100 kW which replaces an orange grove of 3500 m2 at highly productive land. It was found that in both cases,the profitability of the investment, for a time span of 20 yrs, was highly dependent on the time when the power purchase agreement was signed. As a general rule, investments made before 2013 can be characterized as profitable. After 2013, the situation became more complex and the financial success of the investments is not guaranteed.
John Cusick, Assistant Specialist at the UHM Environmental Center, discusses the current unsustainability of Hawaii tourism, and presents examples from Hawaii and abroad of how that might be changed. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-10-29.
The presentation describes the complete energy scenario of World and India as of 2020. It also describes the prime energy sources that the entire world depends on.
Whether it is to reduce CO2 emissions and mitigate climate change, because the reserves of easy accessible fossil fuels are shrinking, or for geopolitical reasons, it looks like the world economy will have to move away from fossil fuels in the coming decades. Given the massive role of fossil fuels today, this is an enormous challenge. Ensuring our future energy supply without fossil fuels will need a radical reorientation.
In which technologies should governments, companies and institutions invest? That is the question. This paper contains some initial thought exercises that could lead to an answer.
Design and testing of a vertical axis turbine drivenby automotive drag as an ...Jomar Basto
Undergraduate thesis submitted by B.S Mechanical Engineering Students of University of Perpetual Help System Laguna (2016-2017). For reference purpose only.
The absence of electricity in rural areas is one of the major challenges faced by many developing countries like Algeria. This work has been devoted to the design of an off-grid renewable hybrid power system for a rural village in the region of Tindouf located in south Algeria. The main objective of this study is to determine the optimum size of the hybrid power system able to fulfill the requirements of 709 kWh/day primary load with 66 kW peak load for a remote area of 230 households. This study is based on simulation and optimization of a (PV-Diesel) and (PV-GPL) hybrid system with a technical-economic analysis. Simulation results showed that electrifying using a PV/GPL generator hybrid system is more advantageous when compared to the PV/diesel generator hybrid system as it has lower operating costs and emissions. The comparison is based on per unit cost of electrical energy production, operating cost of conventional fossil fuel-based energy sources and pollutants gases reduction.
TiE Bangalore UNDP Energy programme and EnterpreneurshipTiE Bangalore
A Talk by Dr. S.N. Srinivas on on some of the project initiatives at UNDP, their implications to policy making, opportunities it has created/ can create for entrepreneurs.
Challenges & opportunities for renewable energy in indiaSoumyadeep Bhunia
This is a Report describes the overview of the renewable energy sources in India and potentiality of power generation and also includes the rules and regulations for the non conventional energy.
Could Photovoltaic Parks be More Profitable as an Investment Compared to Tree...Scientific Review SR
Food security and access to electricity are considered core elements forthedevelopment of modern societies. In some cases, energy supplies are prioritized and therefore may compete with food resources. Since 2009, the sudden increase of photovoltaic system investments in Greece and particularly in Crete, as an effort to comply with the European directives on sustainable energy sources, led tothe replacement of many fieldsof traditional agricultural cultivations (such as olive and orange trees) with photovoltaic parks.The aim of this paper is to estimate the economic benefit of the investment of photovoltaic parks on farmlands compared to the cultivation of olive and citrus crops.To this end, two different scenarios were investigated. In the first scenario, the replacement of a 1000 m2 olive grove area,located in highly productive land, witha small photovoltaic park of 25 kW was investigated. The second scenarioconsidersa much larger photovoltaic park of 100 kW which replaces an orange grove of 3500 m2 at highly productive land. It was found that in both cases,the profitability of the investment, for a time span of 20 yrs, was highly dependent on the time when the power purchase agreement was signed. As a general rule, investments made before 2013 can be characterized as profitable. After 2013, the situation became more complex and the financial success of the investments is not guaranteed.
John Cusick, Assistant Specialist at the UHM Environmental Center, discusses the current unsustainability of Hawaii tourism, and presents examples from Hawaii and abroad of how that might be changed. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-10-29.
This presentation covers (1) Social impact of tourism; (2) Effects of globalization on tourism development; (3) Sex tourism and exploitation of women; and (4) Trends and issues shaping tourism and hospitality development.
Gastronomy: A source of inspiration for user experience designPeter Bogaards
Presentation for the EuroIA 2010 conference in Europe's culinary capital Paris by Peter Bogaards (with support of Ruud Ruissaard) of INFORMAAT Experience Design. Designers will find lots of inspiration in the field of gastronomy as a conceptual metaphor for user experience design. Besides prior art, eight similarities, analogies and parallels between the fields are identified.
See also: FoodUX.org
16 things that Panhandlers can teach us about Content MarketingBrad Farris
Successful panhandling is a lot like content marketing; it's reaching a jaded audience in a saturated market by finding a message that jumps out and moves you to action. This presentation looks at tactics and quotes taken from interviews with panhandlers and street performers and see what we can learn to make our content as effective as their cardboard signs.
This presentation was given at Content Jam 2013 http://www.http://contentjam.com/
My presentation to the World Nuclear Association Symposium 2015. In this presentation I discussed updated findings of my review of 100 % renewable energy system literature.
Optimizing Renewable Energy and Efficiency ProjectsMDV-SEIA
Scott Sklar, President of the Stella Group, Ltd., gives an overview of how the renewable energy and energy efficiency industry is broken down.
Prior to founding the Stella Group, Scott served as Executive Director for 15 years of the Solar Energy Industries Association and the National BioEnergy Industries Association. He also cofounded and ran for three years the US export consortium of all the renewable energy trade associations, the US Export Council for Renewable Energy, and cofounded its sister energy efficiency entity where he served on its Board of the US Export Council for Energy Efficiency.
This presentation was given December 4, 2009 at the Solar Energy Focus Conference: Fall 2009 hosted by the Maryland, DC, Virginia Solar Energy Industries Association (MDV-SEIA) in Gaithersburg, MD.
To learn more please visit:
www.mdvseia.camp7.org
Sesti project: Global Sustainable Energy optionsVictor Van Rij
This presentation gives the result of the emerging issues analysis of the SESTI project on the energy domain in 2010. It provides the questions around 5 of the less well known future sustainable options/risks that were discussed in the project. The topics that were addressed are still worth while to review today.
These topics were :
1. Enhancement of the photosynthetic cycle on global scale to provide all food, energy and maintain biodiversity (briefly biomimics)
2. Use of desert areas for gaining solar energy (the DESERTEC scheme)
3. Hybrid nuclear fission-fusion to speed up nuclear fusion
4. The unknown risks of going deeper and further for energy mining
5. The unknown risks of and hydrogen leaking economy
Feasibility Study of Standalone Hybrid Power System Modeled With Photovoltaic...inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Presentation prepared for "Alt Energy / Clean Tech" hedge fund; presented in early September 2009. Includes global energy overview, investment approach, and select long/short ideas (as of September 2009).
Paul Norton of NREL spoke about the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, the Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative, and the challenges of renewable energy and conservation in Hawaii. Slides from the REIS seminar given at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-09-03.
Presentation of a mock environmental impact statement (EIS) written as a student semester project. The EIS was written by the fictional company Pacific Environmental Assessment Coalition regarding placement of a wind farm on Kauai Island, HI.
UHM's Team Hawaii talks about their design for a net-zero home that will be built and entered into the international Solar Decathlon. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2010-10-21.
Prof. Philip Johnson from the UHM Information and Computer Sciences department talks about problems with the deployment of the Smart Grid, and how creating Smart Consumers can overcome those problems. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2010-10-14.
HECO describes the challenges in integrating wind and solar energy into the electric grid in the real world. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2010-09-02.
Melek Yalcintas from AMEL Technologies describes the LEED certification process, focusing on existing building operations and maintainance, using case studies from Hawaii. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-11-19.
Dora Nakafuji from HECO describes plans to meet the renewable electricity generation goals set forth by the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) and Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative (HCEI). Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-11-12.
Andrew Keith, Senior Environmental Scientist at HECO, discusses the current state of residential photovoltaics in Hawaii, drawing on 15 years of using PV on his home. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-11-05.
Samir Khanal, Professor of Biological Engineering Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering at UHM, describes an integrated approach in converting biomass into biofuel and biobased products. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-10-22.
Shari Ishikawa from HECO describes what the term Smart Grid means, and the Smart Grid-related projects HECO is working on. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-10-15.
Luis Vega from the National Marine Renewable Energy Center describes the technical and economic aspects of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC). Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-10-01.
Art Seki from HECO describes HECO's experiences with wind energy installations in the State, starting as early as the 1970's. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-09-24.
Dora Nakafuji from HECO describes her experiences on planning and integrating renewable energy into the California grid, and how Hawaii will deal with those same challenges. Slides from the REIS seminar series at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-09-17.
Peter Rosegg of Hawaiian Electric Company spoke about HECO, the Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative, and the challenges HECO faces in integrating renewable energy into the grid. Slides from the REIS seminar given at the University of Hawaii at Manoa on 2009-09-10.
Prof. Tony Kuh from Electrical Engineering provides an introduction to the Renewable Energy and Island Sustainability (REIS) project at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Slides from the REIS seminar series on 2009-08-27.
More from REIS Project at University of Hawaii at Manoa (13)
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
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This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
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Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
1. Reducing Greenhouse
Gas Emissions in Hawai‘i
Denise Eby Konan, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Economics
Director, Center for Sustainable Coastal Tourism
Fellow, UHERO and REIS
Renewable Energy andwww.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs
October 8, 2009
Island Society October 8, 2009 1
2. Energy in the USA
Source: EIA Annual Energy Outlook (2009)
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 2
3. Renewable Energy in the
USA
Source: EIA Annual Energy Outlook (2009)
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 3
4. Energy Risks
Source: EIA Annual Energy Outlook (2009)
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 4
5. Vulnerable energy security:
Energy consumption by source
(2007)
Hawaii USA Average
Source: EIA State Energy Data System (2008)
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 5
6. Figure designed and created by UHERO EGGS
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 6
8. Climate change threat for
Hawaii: Sea-Level Rise
Land within 1 ft of high tide
Image from Chip Fletcher, Hawaii Mapping Group, SOEST
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 8
9. Climate change threat to
Hawaii: Ocean acidification
CO2 going up above the ocean
and in the ocean
pH going down in the upper
ocean - becoming more acidic
Observational results from Station Aloha
(Dore et al., 2009)
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 9
10. Climate change threat to
Hawaii: Ecosystem collapse
A Pteropod after 48 hours of living low pH ocean conditions (e is a
control)
Pteropods contribute to the diet of diverse carnivorous zooplankton,
myctophid and nototheniid fishes, North Pacific salmon, mackerel,
herring, cod and baleen whales.
Source: Orr et al (Nature, 2005)
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 10
11. Hawaii addressing climate change:
ACT 234 - Hawaii’s Global Warming
Solutions Act
Second state in the country to
enact GHG regulations – June
2007
10 member task force
developing plan to meet 1990
GHG levels by 2020
Report GHG work plan to
Legislature by end of 2010
Department of Health is in
charge
On January 1, 2012: Rules and
regulatory scheme go into effe
ct
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 11
13. Energy & Greenhouse Gas
Solutions: Mission
To analyze and tailor energy and climate
change policy by assessing technology
options and the associated environmental
and economic impacts.
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 13
14. EGGS: Core Goals
1. Engage in rigorous analysis and establish a global
research reputation.
2. Develop and maintain data and models on Hawai’i
energy, economy, and resulting greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions.
3. Showcase Hawai’i solutions that demonstrate a
sustainable alternative for others.
4. Develop solution-based education and outreach
programs on energy and GHG solutions for a variety of
levels (legislators, business community, and K-12).
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 14
15. Hawaii GHG Profile: 1990 and 2005
(report available on our website)
Amount of GHG Emission (MMTCO2E) 1990 2005
Energy 23.232 24.161
Stationary Energy Sources 10.163 10.854
Electric Power Sector 6.804 8.362
Residential Energy Sector 0.350 0.330
Commercial Energy Sector 0.762 0.287
Industrial Energy Sector 2.246 1.874
Mobile Energy Sources 13.069 13.307
Air Transportation Sector 7.487 5.991
Ground Transportation Sector 3.666 5.601
Marine Transportation Sector 1.916 1.715
Non-Energy Sources 1.456 2.269
Industrial Processes Sector 0.197 0.844
Agriculture Sector 0.634 0.453
Waste 0.625 0.972
Grand Total 24.687 26.430
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 15
16. Hawaii GHG Profile:
Biggest changes since 1990
% GHG emissions change contribu3on by sector
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 16
17. Ground Transportation GHG Emissions:
Total, and Per Capita
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 17
18. Greenhouse Gas Emissions (MT CO2E Per Capita)
MTCO2E per Capita
24
1.3
20 1.7 1.8
1.4
3.3
16 Non-Energy Sources
4.4
Marine Transportation Sector
Ground Transportation Sector
6.7
12 Air Transportation Sector
4.7 Industrial Energy Sector
Commercial Energy Sector
8 2.0 1.5 Residential Energy Sector
0.2
0.7 0.3 Electric Power Sector
0.3
4
6.6
6.1
0
1990 2005
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 18
19. GHG Emissions Accounting:
An example equation
CO2 emissions = Af,h * Fc,h * Fox* (44/12)
Af,h : heat content of fuel consumed (GJ converted from
therms or million BTU)
Fc,h : Carbon content of fuel on a heating value basis (15.3
kg C/GJ)
Fox : Oxidation factor to account for fraction of carbon in
fuel that remains as soot or ash
(44/12) : Ratio of the molecular weight of CO2 to that of
carbon
Source: WRI GHG Protocol
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 19
20. Hawaii GHG Profile
Conclusions
Act 234 emissions have increased by about 23
% from 1990 to 2005
Per dollar output, Hawai‘i is more GHG intensive
in 2005 than in 1990 although per capita is down
Power and transport account for about 70% of
all GHG emissions
Ground transportation contributes about 20
percent and is growing rapidly
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 20
22. Rationale:
Tourism’s Role in Hawaii’s Economy
$11.4 billion, in 2008
$1,700 per person, per
trip spending
18% of Gross State
Product, current dollars
10% of all civilian jobs
Statewide in 2003
6.8 million visitor arrivals
64 million visitor days
High stakes for Hawaii
economy
DBEDT 2008 Hawaii Data Book
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 22
27. Economic output and
expenditures ($ million)
Household Visitor's
Industry Output expenditures expenditures
Accommodations 12,496.2 5,424.1 3,892.2
Restaurants 2,274.7 1,036.5 1,126.2
Trade 6,311.9 2,979.9 1,464.8
Entertainment 844.2 234.7 569.4
Golf 229.8 108.4 141.3
Air Transportation 2,044.1 337.5 1,555.6
Transportation 1,464.8 408.9 545.2
Agriculture 823.5 131.5 18.4
Construction 3,524.3 - -
Manufacturing 3,416.4 685.8 101.4
Services 15,181.0 8,018.4 573.4
Utilities 1,691.0 595.3 -
Government 8,565.8 264.9 45.6
Total 58,867.6 20,225.9 10,033.5
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 27
28. Industry output in Hawaii
Output Compensation of
Industry ($ million) Output employees
Accommodations 12,496.2 21.2% 7.8%
Restaurants 2,274.7 3.9% 3.7%
Trade 6,311.9 10.7% 11.1%
Entertainment 844.2 1.4% 1.4%
Golf 229.8 0.4% 0.4%
Air Transportation 2,044.1 3.5% 2.4%
Transportation 1,464.8 2.5% 1.7%
Agriculture 823.5 1.4% 1.3%
Construction 3,524.3 6.0% 5.8%
Manufacturing 3,416.4 5.8% 2.4%
Services 15,181.0 25.8% 27.2%
Utilities 1,691.0 2.9% 1.6%
Government 8,565.8 14.6% 33.2%
Total 58,867.6 100.0% 100.0%
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 28
29. Methods:
Calculating GHGs from direct
and indirect demand
Total demand vector (X) is function of intermediate and final
demand (Y), A is matrix of technical coefficients
X = ( I - A)-1 Y
Fuel requirements matrix (F X) defined as gallons by fuel type
associated with final demand Y
F X = F ( I - A)-1 Y
Energy intensity matrix total fuel required to produce one
dollars worth of final demand in each sector (Yi = 1)
Emissions intensity matrix total GHG emissions associated
with one dollars worth of final demand
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 29
30. The top ten economic sectors’
direct GHG emission - metric
tons CO2E
Industry Carbon Dioxide Methane Nitrous Oxide
Electricity 6,806,708.60 4,351.14 3,519.44
Air transportation 3,636,808.12 2,561.97 287.12
Utility gas 242,704.95 101.66 52,356.48
Construction 229,037.92 261.28 1,142.56
Hotels 184,796.88 175.03 11,647.60
Other services 152,312.61 105.57 204.24
Petroleum manuf. 147,339.04 256.68 2.96
Restaurants 135,693.90 124.66 9,620.00
Health services 134,887.81 145.59 2,148.96
Finance business 123,613.35 138.69 139.12
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 30
31. Ranking Carbon Intensity:
metric tons CO2E / $ million
Electricity 7,179.7 Chemical manufacturing 232.9
Utility gas 2,680.2 Parking lots 226.7
Air transportation 1,771.8 Automobile rental 225.8
Commercial fishing 1,484.3 Waste management 225.3
Petroleum manufacturing 765.2 Construction and mining 224.6
Sightseeing transport 443.2 Crops 214.3
Transit 405.3 Other manufacturing 209.4
Ground transportation 400.6 Animal 202.0
Recreation 378.3 Clothing manufacturing 182.9
Food processing 378.1 Health services 178.6
Golf courses 363.0 Travel reservations 165.4
Laundry 345.0 Education private 122.5
Hotels 337.0 Retail trade 106.6
Other services 326.4 Wholesale trade 93.5
Trucking 291.4 Information 85.3
Water sewer 286.9 Real estate rental 81.9
Water transportation 285.8 Landscaping services 75.0
Restaurants 273.8 Finance business 73.8
Amusement 271.5 Performing arts 68.1
Museums historical 254.4 Other government 29.9
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 31
32. Summary table: Resident and visitor
energy and GHG emissions
Energy, GHG emissions
trillion BTU MMTCO2e
Total 323.3 23.4
Resident 126.4 9.3
Visitor 72.9 5.2
Visitor less air 33.5 2.4
Per annum MBTU GHG metric tons
Resident 104 7.7
Visitor 464 32.9
Visitor less air 213 15.4
Per capita 267 19.3
Visitor factor 4.4 4.3
Visitor factor less air 2.0 2.0
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 32
33. Summary GHG Emissions
of Tourism
22% of Hawaii’s total
emissions
5.2 million metric tons of
CO2 equiv
Per Capita
Tourist: 33 metric tons
Resident: 7.7 metric tons
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 33
34. Future research
Endogenous emissions built into a dynamic
computable general equilibrium model of
Hawaii’s economy
Waikiki district benchmarking and analysis
Model carbon tax, cap and trade, command
and control policy options for the State
Assess economic and environmental impacts
of alternative scenarios
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 34
35. Carbon savings per 1% gasoline conservation
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 35
39. Hawaii Energy Options:
Just a few!
Oceanlinx Oceanlinx
Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative
Wind Wave Energy
HECO
Honolulu Sea Water Air Conditioning
Solar Sea Water Air Conditioning (SWAC)
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 39
40. Thank you to our sponsors
and partners!
Michael Saalfeld
Pierre and Pamela Omidyar Fund at the Hawaii Community
Foundation
Hawaii State Department of Health
Hawaii Natural Energy Institute
Renewable Energy and Island Sustainability
International Center for Climate and Society
UHM Outreach College
October 8, 2009 www.uhero.hawaii.edu/eggs 40