Redesign- Make a prediction relating heat to the movement of molecules.docx
•Download as DOCX, PDF•
0 likes•2 views
Redesign: Make a prediction relating heat to the movement of molecules. How does this relate to fluorescent lighting? Gas Liquid Solution generally the , Solids - vibrational (and rotational); moving very slowly. Liquids - vibrational, rotational, and translational; moving quickly. Gases - vibrational, rotational, and translational; moving very quickly. Explanation: Particles are always moving. No matter what. There is a certain point where they move so slowly it is considered minuscule, but they are in fact moving. Thus, in solids, liquids, and gases, you can expect particles to move in a certain trend. That trend is average kinetic energy of the particles and the forces holding them together (attraction). Solids When you have little to no heat, the particles are moving very slowly, so slowly that they atomic attractions result in bonds that are difficult to break without adding energy. At this stage, this is known as a solid. In a solid, the particles are vibrating. Only some solids have the ability to rotate. They cannot translate regardless. Liquids When you add energy (heat) to a solid, you \"excite\" the particles so much that they break their bond; their attraction is too weak to hold them together - yet strong enough to keep a form As a result, you get a liquid. In a liquid, the particles are not only vibrating (their bonds are not present but they still vibrate), but they are also rotating and translating. The particles are moving much faster than in a solid. Gases When you add even more energy to the substance, you increase the kinetic energy of those particles so much, that they lose their state form, becoming a gas. In a gas, particles have vibrational, rotational, and translational motion, allowing them to \"bounce\" off of one another. Particles in a gas state move much faster than a liquid. Light is a form of energy that can be released by an atom. It is made up of many small particle-like packets that have energy and momentum but no mass. These particles, called light photons, are the most basic units of light. When the atom gains or loses energy, the change is expressed by the movement of electrons. When something passes energy on to an atom -- heat , for example -- an electron may be temporarily boosted to a higher orbital (farther away from the nucleus). The electron only holds this position for a tiny fraction of a second; almost immediately, it is drawn back toward the nucleus, to its original orbital. As it returns to its original orbital, the electron releases the extra energy in the form of a photon, in some cases a light photon .
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Matter, Properties, & Phases
Lesson teaches students about Matter (grades 6-8) & talks about the atomic models & the history behind the way it has been established through physics.
This Lesson Also Includes:
1. Physical & Chemical Changes
2. States of Matter & Phase Changes in Matter
3. Molecular Movements in a Solid, Liquid, & Vapor
Phase changes
The document discusses the different phases of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and the phase changes between them. When energy is added to a solid, its bonds break and it melts into a liquid where particles can move freely. Adding more energy turns the liquid into a gas where particles move randomly. The phase changes - melting/freezing, vaporization/condensation, sublimation/deposition - describe the changes in particle arrangement that occur when energy is added or removed. Phase changes are classified as endothermic, where energy is absorbed during the change, or exothermic, where energy is released.
Notes for science
The document provides information about the particle models of gases, liquids, and solids. It explains that gases have no fixed shape or volume, while liquids have a fixed volume but not shape, and solids have both a fixed volume and shape. It also discusses the states of matter and how heating and cooling can cause phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas. Additionally, it covers topics like light, heat, temperature, and magnets.
Notes for science
The document provides information about the particle models of gases, liquids, and solids. It explains that gases have no fixed shape or volume, while liquids have a fixed volume but not shape, and solids have both a fixed volume and shape. It also discusses the states of matter and how heating and cooling can cause phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas. Additionally, it covers topics like evaporation, boiling, reflection of light, heat transfer, and properties of magnets.
Notes for science
The document provides information about the particle models of gases, liquids, and solids. It explains that gases have no fixed shape or volume, while liquids have a fixed volume but not shape. Solids have both a fixed shape and volume. It also discusses phase changes like evaporation, boiling, melting, and freezing in terms of particle motion and interactions. Additional topics covered include light, heat, temperature, and magnets.
Notes for science
The document provides information about the particle models of gases, liquids, and solids. It explains that gases have no fixed shape or volume, while liquids have a fixed volume but not shape, and solids have both a fixed volume and shape. It also discusses phase changes like evaporation, boiling, melting, and freezing in terms of particle motion and interactions. Additional topics covered include light, heat, temperature, and magnets.
Structure of matter (STAR review)
This document provides an overview of 8th grade science concepts related to the structure of matter and states of matter. It explains that all matter is made of particles that vibrate with different amounts of energy depending on their state. Solids have particles with high attraction that vibrate in place, while liquids have less attraction allowing particles to slide past each other, and gases have particles moving independently with empty space between them. Phase changes between solid, liquid and gas are also summarized, including that they require gaining or losing energy and have specific melting, freezing, boiling, and evaporation points or conditions. The document concludes with summaries of atomic structure including electrons, protons, neutrons and energy levels, as well as ionic, covalent and
States of matter kashish
The document discusses kinetic molecular theory and how it can be used to explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases. It states that all matter is made up of extremely small particles that are constantly in motion. In solids, the particles are close together and do not move far from their fixed positions. In liquids, the particles can move around each other but remain in contact. In gases, the particles move very fast and are far apart from each other. A change in temperature can cause a substance to change states from a solid to a liquid to a gas as the particles gain or lose kinetic energy.
Recommended
Matter, Properties, & Phases
Lesson teaches students about Matter (grades 6-8) & talks about the atomic models & the history behind the way it has been established through physics.
This Lesson Also Includes:
1. Physical & Chemical Changes
2. States of Matter & Phase Changes in Matter
3. Molecular Movements in a Solid, Liquid, & Vapor
Phase changes
The document discusses the different phases of matter (solid, liquid, gas) and the phase changes between them. When energy is added to a solid, its bonds break and it melts into a liquid where particles can move freely. Adding more energy turns the liquid into a gas where particles move randomly. The phase changes - melting/freezing, vaporization/condensation, sublimation/deposition - describe the changes in particle arrangement that occur when energy is added or removed. Phase changes are classified as endothermic, where energy is absorbed during the change, or exothermic, where energy is released.
Notes for science
The document provides information about the particle models of gases, liquids, and solids. It explains that gases have no fixed shape or volume, while liquids have a fixed volume but not shape, and solids have both a fixed volume and shape. It also discusses the states of matter and how heating and cooling can cause phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas. Additionally, it covers topics like light, heat, temperature, and magnets.
Notes for science
The document provides information about the particle models of gases, liquids, and solids. It explains that gases have no fixed shape or volume, while liquids have a fixed volume but not shape, and solids have both a fixed volume and shape. It also discusses the states of matter and how heating and cooling can cause phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas. Additionally, it covers topics like evaporation, boiling, reflection of light, heat transfer, and properties of magnets.
Notes for science
The document provides information about the particle models of gases, liquids, and solids. It explains that gases have no fixed shape or volume, while liquids have a fixed volume but not shape. Solids have both a fixed shape and volume. It also discusses phase changes like evaporation, boiling, melting, and freezing in terms of particle motion and interactions. Additional topics covered include light, heat, temperature, and magnets.
Notes for science
The document provides information about the particle models of gases, liquids, and solids. It explains that gases have no fixed shape or volume, while liquids have a fixed volume but not shape, and solids have both a fixed volume and shape. It also discusses phase changes like evaporation, boiling, melting, and freezing in terms of particle motion and interactions. Additional topics covered include light, heat, temperature, and magnets.
Structure of matter (STAR review)
This document provides an overview of 8th grade science concepts related to the structure of matter and states of matter. It explains that all matter is made of particles that vibrate with different amounts of energy depending on their state. Solids have particles with high attraction that vibrate in place, while liquids have less attraction allowing particles to slide past each other, and gases have particles moving independently with empty space between them. Phase changes between solid, liquid and gas are also summarized, including that they require gaining or losing energy and have specific melting, freezing, boiling, and evaporation points or conditions. The document concludes with summaries of atomic structure including electrons, protons, neutrons and energy levels, as well as ionic, covalent and
States of matter kashish
The document discusses kinetic molecular theory and how it can be used to explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases. It states that all matter is made up of extremely small particles that are constantly in motion. In solids, the particles are close together and do not move far from their fixed positions. In liquids, the particles can move around each other but remain in contact. In gases, the particles move very fast and are far apart from each other. A change in temperature can cause a substance to change states from a solid to a liquid to a gas as the particles gain or lose kinetic energy.
Ways of transferring thermal energy.pdf
Thermal energy can be transferred between substances and objects through conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact as particles vibrate and collide. Convection occurs through the bulk movement of heated fluids like gases and liquids. Radiation transfers thermal energy through electromagnetic waves and does not require direct contact between the objects.
Kinetic theory
This document discusses the kinetic theory of matter and the states of solids, liquids, and gases. It explains that all matter is made of particles in constant motion and the arrangement and motion of the particles determines the properties of the substance. Solids have a fixed shape and volume, liquids have no fixed shape but fixed volume, and gases have no fixed shape or volume. Changes between states, such as melting and evaporation, occur when the particles gain enough kinetic energy to overcome attractive forces. Brownian motion provides evidence of particles in liquids and gases colliding. Absolute zero is the temperature where gases cannot be cooled further.
Chapter 4 matter and substance
This document discusses different types of phase changes that can occur in matter:
1) Melting occurs when a solid absorbs heat at its melting point, gaining kinetic energy until its structure can no longer hold its fixed form and it becomes a liquid.
2) Freezing is the reverse of melting, as a liquid cools and loses kinetic energy, decreasing the distance between molecules until they bond to form a solid.
3) Boiling occurs when a liquid directly changes to a gas upon absorbing enough heat to overcome molecular attractions, such as with dry ice subliming.
4) Condensation is the reverse of boiling as a gas cools and loses kinetic energy, decreasing distance between molecules until they bond to
Chapter 2 part 1(08)
Matter is made up of particles, including atoms, molecules, and ions. Atoms are the smallest particles that make up elements. Matter exists in three states - solid, liquid, and gas - depending on how closely or loosely packed the particles are. In solids, particles vibrate in fixed positions; in liquids, they can move around but remain close together; and in gases, particles are far apart and move quickly in random directions. Phase changes between these states, such as melting, boiling, condensing, and sublimating, involve changes to the energy and movement of particles.
Chapter 1 kinetic particle theory (1)
1. The kinetic particle theory describes the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) based on how closely particles are packed and how they move. In solids, particles vibrate in fixed positions; in liquids, they slide over each other; and in gases, they are far apart and move rapidly.
2. Changes of state like melting, freezing, boiling, and condensation can be explained by how particle kinetic energy changes with temperature. During melting and boiling, particle motion overcomes attractive forces, while freezing and condensation occur as particles slow down.
3. The temperatures at which changes of state occur (melting point, boiling point) remain constant as long as the change of state is happening
Chapter 1 kinetic particle theory (1)
1. The kinetic particle theory describes the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) based on how closely particles are packed and how they move. In solids, particles vibrate in fixed positions; in liquids, they slide over each other; and in gases, they are far apart and move rapidly.
2. Changes of state like melting, freezing, boiling, and condensation occur when particles gain or lose enough kinetic energy to overcome the forces between them. Melting and boiling happen when particles break away from fixed positions and spread out. Freezing and condensation occur when particles slow down and settle into fixed positions.
3. Evaporation and sublimation are also changes of state: evap
0708_matter.ppt
The document discusses the four states of matter: solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. It describes their key properties and how the particles in each state are arranged. Solids have a definite shape and volume, with particles packed tightly together. Liquids take the shape of their container but have a definite volume, with particles loosely packed and flowing around each other. Gases spread out to fill their container without a definite volume, and have freely moving particles. Plasma is similar to gas but with electrically charged particles. The document also explains that adding or removing energy can cause matter to change states, such as melting solids to liquids or evaporating liquids to gases.
kinectic assignment.pptx
This document discusses the kinetic theory of matter and how kinetic energy relates to the different states of matter. It explains that particles in solids have enough kinetic energy only to vibrate, while particles in liquids can slide over one another but not separate completely. Particles in gases can separate from one another due to their higher kinetic energy overcoming the attractive forces between particles. Examples are given of how shaking a bottle of cola or adding heat can demonstrate changes between the solid, liquid, and gas states.
Kinetic Particle Theory (Slg Introduction)
This document discusses kinetic particle theory and the three states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases. It describes the arrangement and movement of particles in each state and how they differ. Specifically, it explains that in solids, particles are closely packed in an orderly arrangement and vibrate about fixed positions. In liquids, particles are closely packed disorderly and can move throughout while in gases, particles are far apart and move randomly. The document also covers how states are determined by intermolecular forces and particle energy.
Matter
The document discusses the four states of matter: solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. It explains that each state is defined by how tightly or loosely packed the particles are, and the amount of energy present. States change when energy is added or removed, causing particles to speed up or slow down. Solids become liquids and liquids become gases as more energy is added in the form of heat. The document also mentions some laws related to the properties and behavior of matter.
ICSE Class VIII Chemistry Matter Around Us - TopperLearning
Anything which occupies space or volume, has mass and can be perceived by our senses is called matter.
0708_matter.ppt
Matter can exist in four states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Solids have a definite shape and volume and particles are packed tightly together with little energy. Liquids take the shape of their container but have a definite volume, and particles are loosely packed with medium energy levels. Gases spread out to fill their entire container without a definite volume, and particles move freely with high energy. Plasma is similar to gas but with electrically charged particles and extremely high energy. The state of matter depends on the energy of its particles - adding energy causes particles to move faster and transition to less dense states, while removing energy has the opposite effect.
Properties and phase changes of matter.ppt
Matter can exist in four states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Solids have a definite shape and volume and particles are packed tightly together with little energy. Liquids take the shape of their container but have a definite volume, and particles are loosely packed with medium energy levels. Gases spread out to fill their entire container without a definite volume, and particles move freely with high energy. Plasma is similar to gas but with electrically charged particles and extremely high energy. The state of matter depends on the energy of its particles - adding energy causes particles to move faster and transition to less dense states, while removing energy has the opposite effect.
0708_matter and classification,states, phases of matter.ppt
Matter can exist in four main states: solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. Solids have a definite shape and volume and particles are packed tightly together. Liquids take the shape of their container but have a definite volume, and particles are loosely packed and flow around each other. Gases spread out to fill their entire container without a definite volume, and particles move freely. Plasma is similar to gas but with electrically charged particles. The state of matter depends on the energy level of its particles - adding energy causes particles to move faster and transition to less dense states, while removing energy has the opposite effect.
Kinetic theory (a)
This document discusses the kinetic theory of matter and the three states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases. It describes the properties of each state and how the movement and arrangement of particles determines these properties. As matter is heated, its particles gain kinetic energy which can cause changes in state, such as melting from a solid to a liquid or evaporating from a liquid to a gas. The document also discusses Brownian motion and how it provided evidence to support the theory that all matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion.
22 the states of matter
This document discusses the three common states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases. It explains their key properties including definite mass and varying volume and shape. The document then introduces the particle theory of matter, which states that all matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant motion. It describes how the motion and interaction of these particles determines whether a substance is a solid, liquid or gas, and how physical changes like melting, boiling and condensation occur as particles gain or lose energy.
Changes affected by temperature
Matter can exist in three states - solid, liquid, and gas. The state depends on how closely packed the molecules are and how freely they can move. In solids, molecules are tightly packed and can only vibrate. In liquids, molecules have some space between them and move more freely. Gas molecules are most spaced out and move freely in any direction. Increases in temperature cause molecules to move faster and spread farther apart, potentially changing the state from solid to liquid to gas. Decreases in temperature have the opposite effect, causing molecules to slow down, pack closer together, and potentially change the state from gas to liquid to solid.
Changes affected by temperature
Matter can exist in three states - solid, liquid, and gas. The state depends on how closely packed the molecules are and how freely they can move. In solids, molecules are tightly packed and can only vibrate. In liquids, molecules have some space between them and move more freely. Gas molecules are most spaced out and move freely in any direction. Increases in temperature cause molecules to move faster and spread out more, potentially changing the state from solid to liquid to gas. Decreases in temperature have the opposite effect, causing molecules to slow down, pack closer together, and potentially change the state from gas to liquid to solid.
States of matter
The document discusses the kinetic theory of matter and the states of matter. It explains that the kinetic theory states that particles in matter are in constant, random motion and that the arrangement and movement of atoms determines the state of matter. It then describes the three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas - and how temperature affects the motion of particles and ability to change states.
Intermolecular attractions are attractions betwee.pdf
Intermolecular attractions are attractions between one molecule and a neighbouring
molecule. The forces of attraction which hold an individual molecule together (for example, the
covalent bonds) are known as intramolecular attractions. These two words are so confusingly
similar that it is safer to abandon one of them and never use it. The term \"intramolecular\" won\'t
be used again on this site. All molecules experience intermolecular attractions, although in some
cases those attractions are very weak. Even in a gas like hydrogen, H2, if you slow the molecules
down by cooling the gas, the attractions are large enough for the molecules to stick together
eventually to form a liquid and then a solid. In hydrogen\'s case the attractions are so weak that
the molecules have to be cooled to 21 K (-252°C) before the attractions are enough to condense
the hydrogen as a liquid. Helium\'s intermolecular attractions are even weaker - the molecules
won\'t stick together to form a liquid until the temperature drops to 4 K (-269°C). van der Waals
forces: dispersion forces Dispersion forces (one of the two types of van der Waals force we are
dealing with on this page) are also known as \"London forces\" (named after Fritz London who
first suggested how they might arise). The origin of van der Waals dispersion forces Temporary
fluctuating dipoles Attractions are electrical in nature. In a symmetrical molecule like hydrogen,
however, there doesn\'t seem to be any electrical distortion to produce positive or negative parts.
But that\'s only true on average. The lozenge-shaped diagram represents a small symmetrical
molecule - H2, perhaps, or Br2. The even shading shows that on average there is no electrical
distortion. But the electrons are mobile, and at any one instant they might find themselves
towards one end of the molecule, making that end -. The other end will be temporarily short of
electrons and so becomes +. Note: (read as \"delta\") means \"slightly\" - so + means \"slightly
positive\". An instant later the electrons may well have moved up to the other end, reversing
the polarity of the molecule. This constant \"sloshing around\" of the electrons in the molecule
causes rapidly fluctuating dipoles even in the most symmetrical molecule. It even happens in
monatomic molecules - molecules of noble gases, like helium, which consist of a single atom. If
both the helium electrons happen to be on one side of the atom at the same time, the nucleus is
no longer properly covered by electrons for that instant. How temporary dipoles give rise to
intermolecular attractions I\'m going to use the same lozenge-shaped diagram now to represent
any molecule which could, in fact, be a much more complicated shape. Shape does matter (see
below), but keeping the shape simple makes it a lot easier to both draw the diagrams and
understand what is going on. Imagine a molecule which has a temporary polarity being
approached by one which happens to be entirely non-polar just at .
Research the issues that you might face as a network administrator whe.docx
Research the issues that you might face as a network administrator when moving an enterprise network from IPv4 to IPv6. Discuss the changes you will need to make in your day-to-day activities managing the network or the tools you will need. Assume the addressing scheme has been worked out. How will this change impact your troubleshooting process, your tools, and the process you use to identify network errors?
Solution
The task of switching from IPv4 to IPv6 is a daunting task since virtually every device needs to support it. It’s best to approach a cost-effective implementation in steps or phases, breaking down your network security and system’s environment into smaller components. There are several important factors to consider before implementing an IPv6 strategy. These include:
IP Address Management
Address Management is one of the most important factors to understand before you implement an IPv6 strategy. Many of the ideas that governed the design of IPv4 networks are not necessary in IPv6, and in some cases hinder it. When designing IPv4 networks, conservation is a driving factor. With IPv6, this is no longer a concern.For this reason, transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6 may feel uncomfortable at first. The designers of IPv6 have recommended ISP internet service allocate /48 networks to all customers with the exception of very large or mobile customers. It is highly recommended to run a /64 on all LANs, regardless of size. Many protocols in IPv6 such as Stateless Address Auto-configuration (SLAAC) require the use of /64 on all LAN interfaces. It is highly recommended not to use more specific networks such as /96 for your LANs. The exception to this would be for assigning addresses to WAN point to point links and loopback interfaces. WAN links can be assigned /126 networks, and loopback interfaces should have /128 addresses.
Dual Stack Support
Dual Stack Support is a fundamental requirement for implementing IPv6. Your network security design may include the typical core, distribution, and access layers. Implementing IPv6 in the core first, then through the distribution and access layers is optimal.
Prepare a plan of action to research a network problem.
Conduct the research needed to isolate the problem.
Use a structured approach to identify a network problem.
Identify the severity of a network problem based on its initial symptoms.
Detecting errors like dropped packets or retransmissions on the network level is relatively easy. Figuring out if those errors affect the performance and connectivity of your services is however another matter. Some network errors are mitigated and compensated for by network protocols and active networking components, like network interfaces. Meanwhile, other network errors lead to performance problems that negatively affect your services.
.
Reset Help By the Brnsted-Lowry definition- acids are proton donors an.docx
Reset Help By the Brønsted-Lowry definition, acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors. By the Lewis definition, acids are electron-pair acceptors and bases are electron-pair donors. For bases, the two definitions are equivalent such that all Lewis bases are Brønsted-Lowry bases and vice versa However, it is possible to have a Lewis acid that is not a Brønsted-Lowry acid. This is because Lewis acids include molecules and cations that have a vacant valence orbital, regardless of whether they have a proton to donate Common examples of Lewis acids (that are not Brønsted-Lowry acids) are metal ions, such as Al+and Cu2+. The following is an example ofa Lewis acid-base reaction Lewis acids Lewis bases NH3 donates the electron pair to Cu2+. Therefore NH3 is a Lewis base, and Cu2 is a Lewis acid SubmitPrev Previous Answer
Solution
1. Lewis acids: Lewis acids are the species which accepts electrons.
SO 3 since S has only three electron domains. Hence it accepts electrons.
Fe 2+ is electron deficient. Hence it accepts electrons too.
CO 2 where C accepts electrons since it is bound to two highly electronegative oxygen atoms.
Lewis bases are species that donates electrons.
I - , CO, H - , CH 3 NH 2
2. The order of decreasing pH is:
Ba(OH) 2 > NaOH > N 2 H 4 > HOCl > HCl
Ba(OH) 2 decomposes to give 2 OH - ions. This is why it has higher pH than NaOH which decomposes to give only 1 OH - ion.
Hydrazine N 2 H 4 is basic however lesser than NaOH and Ba(OH) 2
HOCl is a weak acid that partially dissociates to give H + and ClO -
HCl is the strongest acid that completely dissociates into H + and Cl - and hence has the lowest pH.
More the H + ions in solution, lesser the pH.
More the OH - ions in solution, higher the pH.
3. Given,
[ OH - ] = 2.3 x 10 -2 M
We know that at 25 0 C,
[H + ] [OH - ] = Kw = Ionic product of water = 10 -14
Putting the value of [OH - ] in the above equation, we have,
[H + ] x 2.3 x 10 -2 = 10 -14
[H + ] = 10 -14 / (2.3 x 10 -2 )
[H + ] = 0.44 x 10 -12 M
.
More Related Content
Similar to Redesign- Make a prediction relating heat to the movement of molecules.docx
Ways of transferring thermal energy.pdf
Thermal energy can be transferred between substances and objects through conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact as particles vibrate and collide. Convection occurs through the bulk movement of heated fluids like gases and liquids. Radiation transfers thermal energy through electromagnetic waves and does not require direct contact between the objects.
Kinetic theory
This document discusses the kinetic theory of matter and the states of solids, liquids, and gases. It explains that all matter is made of particles in constant motion and the arrangement and motion of the particles determines the properties of the substance. Solids have a fixed shape and volume, liquids have no fixed shape but fixed volume, and gases have no fixed shape or volume. Changes between states, such as melting and evaporation, occur when the particles gain enough kinetic energy to overcome attractive forces. Brownian motion provides evidence of particles in liquids and gases colliding. Absolute zero is the temperature where gases cannot be cooled further.
Chapter 4 matter and substance
This document discusses different types of phase changes that can occur in matter:
1) Melting occurs when a solid absorbs heat at its melting point, gaining kinetic energy until its structure can no longer hold its fixed form and it becomes a liquid.
2) Freezing is the reverse of melting, as a liquid cools and loses kinetic energy, decreasing the distance between molecules until they bond to form a solid.
3) Boiling occurs when a liquid directly changes to a gas upon absorbing enough heat to overcome molecular attractions, such as with dry ice subliming.
4) Condensation is the reverse of boiling as a gas cools and loses kinetic energy, decreasing distance between molecules until they bond to
Chapter 2 part 1(08)
Matter is made up of particles, including atoms, molecules, and ions. Atoms are the smallest particles that make up elements. Matter exists in three states - solid, liquid, and gas - depending on how closely or loosely packed the particles are. In solids, particles vibrate in fixed positions; in liquids, they can move around but remain close together; and in gases, particles are far apart and move quickly in random directions. Phase changes between these states, such as melting, boiling, condensing, and sublimating, involve changes to the energy and movement of particles.
Chapter 1 kinetic particle theory (1)
1. The kinetic particle theory describes the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) based on how closely particles are packed and how they move. In solids, particles vibrate in fixed positions; in liquids, they slide over each other; and in gases, they are far apart and move rapidly.
2. Changes of state like melting, freezing, boiling, and condensation can be explained by how particle kinetic energy changes with temperature. During melting and boiling, particle motion overcomes attractive forces, while freezing and condensation occur as particles slow down.
3. The temperatures at which changes of state occur (melting point, boiling point) remain constant as long as the change of state is happening
Chapter 1 kinetic particle theory (1)
1. The kinetic particle theory describes the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) based on how closely particles are packed and how they move. In solids, particles vibrate in fixed positions; in liquids, they slide over each other; and in gases, they are far apart and move rapidly.
2. Changes of state like melting, freezing, boiling, and condensation occur when particles gain or lose enough kinetic energy to overcome the forces between them. Melting and boiling happen when particles break away from fixed positions and spread out. Freezing and condensation occur when particles slow down and settle into fixed positions.
3. Evaporation and sublimation are also changes of state: evap
0708_matter.ppt
The document discusses the four states of matter: solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. It describes their key properties and how the particles in each state are arranged. Solids have a definite shape and volume, with particles packed tightly together. Liquids take the shape of their container but have a definite volume, with particles loosely packed and flowing around each other. Gases spread out to fill their container without a definite volume, and have freely moving particles. Plasma is similar to gas but with electrically charged particles. The document also explains that adding or removing energy can cause matter to change states, such as melting solids to liquids or evaporating liquids to gases.
kinectic assignment.pptx
This document discusses the kinetic theory of matter and how kinetic energy relates to the different states of matter. It explains that particles in solids have enough kinetic energy only to vibrate, while particles in liquids can slide over one another but not separate completely. Particles in gases can separate from one another due to their higher kinetic energy overcoming the attractive forces between particles. Examples are given of how shaking a bottle of cola or adding heat can demonstrate changes between the solid, liquid, and gas states.
Kinetic Particle Theory (Slg Introduction)
This document discusses kinetic particle theory and the three states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases. It describes the arrangement and movement of particles in each state and how they differ. Specifically, it explains that in solids, particles are closely packed in an orderly arrangement and vibrate about fixed positions. In liquids, particles are closely packed disorderly and can move throughout while in gases, particles are far apart and move randomly. The document also covers how states are determined by intermolecular forces and particle energy.
Matter
The document discusses the four states of matter: solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. It explains that each state is defined by how tightly or loosely packed the particles are, and the amount of energy present. States change when energy is added or removed, causing particles to speed up or slow down. Solids become liquids and liquids become gases as more energy is added in the form of heat. The document also mentions some laws related to the properties and behavior of matter.
ICSE Class VIII Chemistry Matter Around Us - TopperLearning
Anything which occupies space or volume, has mass and can be perceived by our senses is called matter.
0708_matter.ppt
Matter can exist in four states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Solids have a definite shape and volume and particles are packed tightly together with little energy. Liquids take the shape of their container but have a definite volume, and particles are loosely packed with medium energy levels. Gases spread out to fill their entire container without a definite volume, and particles move freely with high energy. Plasma is similar to gas but with electrically charged particles and extremely high energy. The state of matter depends on the energy of its particles - adding energy causes particles to move faster and transition to less dense states, while removing energy has the opposite effect.
Properties and phase changes of matter.ppt
Matter can exist in four states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Solids have a definite shape and volume and particles are packed tightly together with little energy. Liquids take the shape of their container but have a definite volume, and particles are loosely packed with medium energy levels. Gases spread out to fill their entire container without a definite volume, and particles move freely with high energy. Plasma is similar to gas but with electrically charged particles and extremely high energy. The state of matter depends on the energy of its particles - adding energy causes particles to move faster and transition to less dense states, while removing energy has the opposite effect.
0708_matter and classification,states, phases of matter.ppt
Matter can exist in four main states: solids, liquids, gases, and plasma. Solids have a definite shape and volume and particles are packed tightly together. Liquids take the shape of their container but have a definite volume, and particles are loosely packed and flow around each other. Gases spread out to fill their entire container without a definite volume, and particles move freely. Plasma is similar to gas but with electrically charged particles. The state of matter depends on the energy level of its particles - adding energy causes particles to move faster and transition to less dense states, while removing energy has the opposite effect.
Kinetic theory (a)
This document discusses the kinetic theory of matter and the three states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases. It describes the properties of each state and how the movement and arrangement of particles determines these properties. As matter is heated, its particles gain kinetic energy which can cause changes in state, such as melting from a solid to a liquid or evaporating from a liquid to a gas. The document also discusses Brownian motion and how it provided evidence to support the theory that all matter is made of tiny particles in constant motion.
22 the states of matter
This document discusses the three common states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases. It explains their key properties including definite mass and varying volume and shape. The document then introduces the particle theory of matter, which states that all matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant motion. It describes how the motion and interaction of these particles determines whether a substance is a solid, liquid or gas, and how physical changes like melting, boiling and condensation occur as particles gain or lose energy.
Changes affected by temperature
Matter can exist in three states - solid, liquid, and gas. The state depends on how closely packed the molecules are and how freely they can move. In solids, molecules are tightly packed and can only vibrate. In liquids, molecules have some space between them and move more freely. Gas molecules are most spaced out and move freely in any direction. Increases in temperature cause molecules to move faster and spread farther apart, potentially changing the state from solid to liquid to gas. Decreases in temperature have the opposite effect, causing molecules to slow down, pack closer together, and potentially change the state from gas to liquid to solid.
Changes affected by temperature
Matter can exist in three states - solid, liquid, and gas. The state depends on how closely packed the molecules are and how freely they can move. In solids, molecules are tightly packed and can only vibrate. In liquids, molecules have some space between them and move more freely. Gas molecules are most spaced out and move freely in any direction. Increases in temperature cause molecules to move faster and spread out more, potentially changing the state from solid to liquid to gas. Decreases in temperature have the opposite effect, causing molecules to slow down, pack closer together, and potentially change the state from gas to liquid to solid.
States of matter
The document discusses the kinetic theory of matter and the states of matter. It explains that the kinetic theory states that particles in matter are in constant, random motion and that the arrangement and movement of atoms determines the state of matter. It then describes the three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas - and how temperature affects the motion of particles and ability to change states.
Intermolecular attractions are attractions betwee.pdf
Intermolecular attractions are attractions between one molecule and a neighbouring
molecule. The forces of attraction which hold an individual molecule together (for example, the
covalent bonds) are known as intramolecular attractions. These two words are so confusingly
similar that it is safer to abandon one of them and never use it. The term \"intramolecular\" won\'t
be used again on this site. All molecules experience intermolecular attractions, although in some
cases those attractions are very weak. Even in a gas like hydrogen, H2, if you slow the molecules
down by cooling the gas, the attractions are large enough for the molecules to stick together
eventually to form a liquid and then a solid. In hydrogen\'s case the attractions are so weak that
the molecules have to be cooled to 21 K (-252°C) before the attractions are enough to condense
the hydrogen as a liquid. Helium\'s intermolecular attractions are even weaker - the molecules
won\'t stick together to form a liquid until the temperature drops to 4 K (-269°C). van der Waals
forces: dispersion forces Dispersion forces (one of the two types of van der Waals force we are
dealing with on this page) are also known as \"London forces\" (named after Fritz London who
first suggested how they might arise). The origin of van der Waals dispersion forces Temporary
fluctuating dipoles Attractions are electrical in nature. In a symmetrical molecule like hydrogen,
however, there doesn\'t seem to be any electrical distortion to produce positive or negative parts.
But that\'s only true on average. The lozenge-shaped diagram represents a small symmetrical
molecule - H2, perhaps, or Br2. The even shading shows that on average there is no electrical
distortion. But the electrons are mobile, and at any one instant they might find themselves
towards one end of the molecule, making that end -. The other end will be temporarily short of
electrons and so becomes +. Note: (read as \"delta\") means \"slightly\" - so + means \"slightly
positive\". An instant later the electrons may well have moved up to the other end, reversing
the polarity of the molecule. This constant \"sloshing around\" of the electrons in the molecule
causes rapidly fluctuating dipoles even in the most symmetrical molecule. It even happens in
monatomic molecules - molecules of noble gases, like helium, which consist of a single atom. If
both the helium electrons happen to be on one side of the atom at the same time, the nucleus is
no longer properly covered by electrons for that instant. How temporary dipoles give rise to
intermolecular attractions I\'m going to use the same lozenge-shaped diagram now to represent
any molecule which could, in fact, be a much more complicated shape. Shape does matter (see
below), but keeping the shape simple makes it a lot easier to both draw the diagrams and
understand what is going on. Imagine a molecule which has a temporary polarity being
approached by one which happens to be entirely non-polar just at .
Similar to Redesign- Make a prediction relating heat to the movement of molecules.docx (20)
ICSE Class VIII Chemistry Matter Around Us - TopperLearning
ICSE Class VIII Chemistry Matter Around Us - TopperLearning
0708_matter and classification,states, phases of matter.ppt
0708_matter and classification,states, phases of matter.ppt
Intermolecular attractions are attractions betwee.pdf
Intermolecular attractions are attractions betwee.pdf
More from acarolyn
Research the issues that you might face as a network administrator whe.docx
Research the issues that you might face as a network administrator when moving an enterprise network from IPv4 to IPv6. Discuss the changes you will need to make in your day-to-day activities managing the network or the tools you will need. Assume the addressing scheme has been worked out. How will this change impact your troubleshooting process, your tools, and the process you use to identify network errors?
Solution
The task of switching from IPv4 to IPv6 is a daunting task since virtually every device needs to support it. It’s best to approach a cost-effective implementation in steps or phases, breaking down your network security and system’s environment into smaller components. There are several important factors to consider before implementing an IPv6 strategy. These include:
IP Address Management
Address Management is one of the most important factors to understand before you implement an IPv6 strategy. Many of the ideas that governed the design of IPv4 networks are not necessary in IPv6, and in some cases hinder it. When designing IPv4 networks, conservation is a driving factor. With IPv6, this is no longer a concern.For this reason, transitioning from IPv4 to IPv6 may feel uncomfortable at first. The designers of IPv6 have recommended ISP internet service allocate /48 networks to all customers with the exception of very large or mobile customers. It is highly recommended to run a /64 on all LANs, regardless of size. Many protocols in IPv6 such as Stateless Address Auto-configuration (SLAAC) require the use of /64 on all LAN interfaces. It is highly recommended not to use more specific networks such as /96 for your LANs. The exception to this would be for assigning addresses to WAN point to point links and loopback interfaces. WAN links can be assigned /126 networks, and loopback interfaces should have /128 addresses.
Dual Stack Support
Dual Stack Support is a fundamental requirement for implementing IPv6. Your network security design may include the typical core, distribution, and access layers. Implementing IPv6 in the core first, then through the distribution and access layers is optimal.
Prepare a plan of action to research a network problem.
Conduct the research needed to isolate the problem.
Use a structured approach to identify a network problem.
Identify the severity of a network problem based on its initial symptoms.
Detecting errors like dropped packets or retransmissions on the network level is relatively easy. Figuring out if those errors affect the performance and connectivity of your services is however another matter. Some network errors are mitigated and compensated for by network protocols and active networking components, like network interfaces. Meanwhile, other network errors lead to performance problems that negatively affect your services.
.
Reset Help By the Brnsted-Lowry definition- acids are proton donors an.docx
Reset Help By the Brønsted-Lowry definition, acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors. By the Lewis definition, acids are electron-pair acceptors and bases are electron-pair donors. For bases, the two definitions are equivalent such that all Lewis bases are Brønsted-Lowry bases and vice versa However, it is possible to have a Lewis acid that is not a Brønsted-Lowry acid. This is because Lewis acids include molecules and cations that have a vacant valence orbital, regardless of whether they have a proton to donate Common examples of Lewis acids (that are not Brønsted-Lowry acids) are metal ions, such as Al+and Cu2+. The following is an example ofa Lewis acid-base reaction Lewis acids Lewis bases NH3 donates the electron pair to Cu2+. Therefore NH3 is a Lewis base, and Cu2 is a Lewis acid SubmitPrev Previous Answer
Solution
1. Lewis acids: Lewis acids are the species which accepts electrons.
SO 3 since S has only three electron domains. Hence it accepts electrons.
Fe 2+ is electron deficient. Hence it accepts electrons too.
CO 2 where C accepts electrons since it is bound to two highly electronegative oxygen atoms.
Lewis bases are species that donates electrons.
I - , CO, H - , CH 3 NH 2
2. The order of decreasing pH is:
Ba(OH) 2 > NaOH > N 2 H 4 > HOCl > HCl
Ba(OH) 2 decomposes to give 2 OH - ions. This is why it has higher pH than NaOH which decomposes to give only 1 OH - ion.
Hydrazine N 2 H 4 is basic however lesser than NaOH and Ba(OH) 2
HOCl is a weak acid that partially dissociates to give H + and ClO -
HCl is the strongest acid that completely dissociates into H + and Cl - and hence has the lowest pH.
More the H + ions in solution, lesser the pH.
More the OH - ions in solution, higher the pH.
3. Given,
[ OH - ] = 2.3 x 10 -2 M
We know that at 25 0 C,
[H + ] [OH - ] = Kw = Ionic product of water = 10 -14
Putting the value of [OH - ] in the above equation, we have,
[H + ] x 2.3 x 10 -2 = 10 -14
[H + ] = 10 -14 / (2.3 x 10 -2 )
[H + ] = 0.44 x 10 -12 M
.
reverse the linked list (2-4-8-10) by- stack- iteration- recursion- U.docx
reverse the linked list (2,4,8,10) by:
stack;
iteration;
recursion.
Using C++
Solution
#include<iostream>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#includ<stack>
using namespace std;
struct Node {
int value;
struct Node* next;
}node;
struct Node* reverse(struct Node* head) {Â Â // Iteration Method
struct Node* current,*prev;
current = head;
prev = NULL;
while(current!=NULL) {
next = current->next;
current->next = prev;
prev = current;
current = next; }
head = prev;-
return head; }
struct Node* insert(Node* head,int value) {
Node* temp = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
temp->value = value;
temp->next = NULL;
if(head = = NULL)
head = temp;
else {
Node*temp1=head;
while(temp1->next!=NULL)
temp1 = temp1->next;
temp1->next = temp;
} return head;
}
public void print(Node* head) {
while(head!=NULL) {
cout<<head->value;
head = head->next; }
}
struct Node*recursiveReverse(struct Node* &head) {Â Â //Recursion method
if(head==NULL || head->next ==NULL) return;
Node*first = head;
Node *rest = head->next;
if(rest !=NULL) return;
recursiveReverse(rest);
first ->next->next = first;
first->next =NULL;
head = rest;
return head; }
void Reverse(struct Node* head)Â Â // stack Implementation
{
stack<node*> Stack;
node *traverse = head;
while(traverse!=NULL) {
Stack.push(traverse);
traverse = traverse->next;Â Â }
node *temp = Stack.top();
head = temp;
Stack.pop();
while(!Stack.empty()) {
temp->next = Stack.top();
Stack.pop();
temp = temp->next;Â Â }
temp->next = NULL;
return Stack; }
int main() {
struct Node* head =NULL;
head = insert(head,2);
head = insert(head,4);
head = insert(head,8);
head = insert(head,10);
print(head);
head= reverse(head);
print(head);
head = recursiveReverse(head);
print(head);
head = void Reverse(head);
void print(head);
return 0;
}
.
SECTION III- SHORT ANSWER (10 possible points) Please give a brief ans.docx
SECTION III. SHORT ANSWER (10 possible points)
Please give a brief answer to each of the following questions. Each question is worth a possible 2 points.
1. Why might some stockholders be inclined to buy preferred stock rather than common stock? What are the advantages of investing in preferred stock?
2. Would you rather receive a cash dividend or a stock dividend from a company? Explain.
3. What is the purpose of the Statement of Cash Flows? As a flows statement, explain how it differs from the Income Statement.
4. Distinguish between horizontal and vertical analyses. Why is the analysis of common-size statements called vertical analysis? Why is horizontal analysis sometimes called trend analysis?
BSC401 COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT
SECTION III. SHORT ANSWER (Cont.)
5. What accounts for the order in which current assets are presented on a balance sheet?
Solution
(1) It is compulsory to pay dividend in the case of a preferred stock (so it is simialr to a debt except it is paid form profit after tax). There is no obligation for company to pay dividend for common stock.
(2) Based on various shareholders theory, cash dividend will be a preferred choice as it reduces uncertainty in the longer term especially in a volatile market.
(3) The statement of cashflows shows the cash inflows and outflows of a company. It is different from income statement as non-cash item are excluded (eg: Depreciation, gain or loss from disposals)
(4) Horizontal analysis shows changes in the amounts of corresponding financial statement items over a period of time.Vertical analysis shows each item on a statement as a percentage of a base figure within the statement.Horizontal analysis enables us to compare the percentage change of a particular item from year to year, thus showing the trend of a particular item in the financial statements.
(5) Current assets are presented in the order of liquidity, from more liquidity to least liquidity.
Hope this helps!
.
Select a specific event that has recently occurred (within the last 30.docx
Select a specific event that has recently occurred (within the last 30 days) such as a hacking incident, data breach. This post should be two (2) to three (3) paragraphs. The post must include at least one reference. (A very recent incident)
Solution
The timing of the attacks coincided with the reporting for a Times investigation, published online on Oct. 25, that found that the relatives of Wen Jiabao, China’s prime minister, had accumulated a fortune worth several billion dollars through business dealings.
Security experts hired by The Times to detect and block the computer attacks gathered digital evidence that Chinese hackers, using methods that some consultants have associated with the Chinese military in the past, breached The Times’s network. They broke into the e-mail accounts of its Shanghai bureau chief, David Barboza, who wrote the reports on Mr. Wen’s relatives, and Jim Yardley, The Times’s South Asia bureau chief in India, who previously worked as bureau chief in Beijing.
“Computer security experts found no evidence that sensitive e-mails or files from the reporting of our articles about the Wen family were accessed, downloaded or copied,†said Jill Abramson, executive editor of The Times.
The hackers tried to cloak the source of the attacks on The Times by first penetrating computers at United States universities and routing the attacks through them, said computer security experts at Mandiant, the company hired by The Times. This matches the subterfuge used in many other attacks that Mandiant has tracked to China.
The attackers first installed malware — malicious software — that enabled them to gain entry to any computer on The Times’s network. The malware was identified by computer security experts as a specific strain associated with computer attacks originating in China. More evidence of the source, experts said, is that the attacks started from the same university computers used by the Chinese military to attack United States military contractors in the past.
Security experts found evidence that the hackers stole the corporate passwords for every Times employee and used those to gain access to the personal computers of 53 employees, most of them outside The Times’s newsroom. Experts found no evidence that the intruders used the passwords to seek information that was not related to the reporting on the Wen family
.
Security Breaches and the Six Dumb Ideas Consider a recent (2014- 2015.docx
Security Breaches and the Six Dumb Ideas
Consider a recent (2014, 2015 or 2016) security breach popular in the media. Analyze in the context of what you have learned thus far in this course.
The \"Six Dumb Ideas\" will be discussed at some point in class. You can review them here http://www.ranum.com/security/computer_security/editorials/dumb/
Requirements
You will need to write at least two paragraphs.
One paragraph needs to be devoted to your comments related to assumptions, convenience, cost and simplicity. Your viewpoint can be from either the hacker or the organization (or both).
A second paragraph needs to address the \"six dumb ideas\" as they relate to the security breach.
Minimum 500 words.
Solution
Answer:)
1. eBay went down in a blaze of embarrassment as it suffered this year’s (2014) biggest hack so far. In May, eBay revealed that hackers had managed to steal personal records of 233 million users. The hack took place between February and March, with usernames, passwords, phone numbers and physical addresses compromised.
2. 2015
Ashley Madison
Data compromised – 37 million customer records including millions of account passwords made vulnerable by a bad MD5 hash implementation
How they got in – Unclear.
How long they went undetected – Discovered July 12, 2015, undisclosed when they got in.
How they were discovered – The hackers, called the Impact Team, pushed a screen to employees’ computers on login that announced the breach.
Why it’s big – The attackers posted personal information of customers seeking extramarital affairs with other married persons, which led to embarrassment, and in two cases, possible suicides.
3. 2016
More than 32.8 million Twitter credentials have been compromised and are being offered for sale on the dark web, claims LeakedSource, a subscription-based breach notification service. But some security experts question whether the credentials are current and authentic.LeakedSource claims that the data leak stems from malware infecting users\' devices, \"and the malware sent every saved username and password from browsers like Chrome and Firefox back to the hackers from all websites including Twitter.\"
The \"proof for this explanation,\" LeakedSource says, is:
.
Scientifically continuous phase apersed phase Speaking Chapter Review.docx
Scientifically continuous phase apersed phase Speaking Chapter Review or hono- 458 I. How is a mixture determined to be hetere ty What are the phases of matter that form gelst sols? How ndal effect gels and sols different? 3. What property of the liquids in an emulsion would work against their forming any kind of mixture?em to 4. How can you tell that a rock is a heterogeneous clation inty \'s law 5. What property do colloidal dispersions and solutions that other kinds of mixtures do not? is a col. 470 472 472 473 6. What is one property of skim milk indicating that it 31 loidal dispersion? tage by mass ve properties -point depression oint elevation 7. How might you visually tell the difference between a sion and a colloidal dispersion? 474 8. What can happen when metals with very different-sized are mixed in heterogeneous alloys? 9. Which part of a solution is the solvent? How is this inf used to classify the solution? 10. When you mix a solid and a liquid, what are two indication that a solution was formed and not a new compound? 11. What are solutions of different metals called? Why are often preferred to pure metals? 12. Why is it not possible to have a solid-in-gas solution? 13. Why is the water molecule electrically polar? 14. Why is solvation of a solute particle an important step in d 15. What kind of solvent could dissolve a nonpolar solute like sul. 16. Explain the difference between the terms soluble and solubility 18. How can you tell when a solid-in-liquid solution is saturated? solving the solute? What do we call the solution ionic solutes? process for fur? Explain your answer Explain why the solubility of gases normally decreases with ris ing temperature. 17. 19. Where does the solution process take place on a piece of a solid solute? How can you increase the rate of solution in light of this fact? 20. What instrument could be used to measure a mole of solid sol- ute particles? Why can this instrument be used? 21. Which solution would have a lower boiling point, one with 1.0 mol of solute particles or one with 2.0 mol? Explain. DS 0 22. Some conservationists are disturbed by the large amount of brine that is pumped back into the ocean by desalination plants. Why could it be a problem? What could be done to re- duce the effects of returning concentrated brine to the sea?
Solution
in case of multiple questions being posted i am allowed to answer the first question. please post one question at one time.
Answer 1)
A homogeneous mixture has the same appearence and compostion throughout. wheras a heterogenous mixture would consist of visibly different phases or substances like solid-liquid or suspensions
.
Scenario- You are the Accountant for WanneBee Corporation WannaBee Cor.docx
Scenario:
You are the Accountant for WanneBee Corporation
WannaBee Corporation has $1,500,000 of Receivables on December 31, 2000. WannaBee uses the Allowance Method and historical data indicates that 7% of receivables become uncollectible. The end of year balance in the ADA is 0.
The following are the 2000 end of year receivables.
AR- Goodboy $25,000 AR-NannyNancy $250,000
AR-BusyBody $75,000 AR-AlphaBetCo $130,000
AR-DippyDo $55,000 AR-TipsyTurvy $98,000
AR-MerryMen $145,000 AR-HappyHart $289,000
AR-CurlyCues $211,000 AR-MityMan $47,000
AR-PrettyPenny $109,000 AR-JumpingJax $66,000
During 2001 the following events occurred:
Goodboy defaulted.
BusyBody declared bankruptcy but paid $19,000.
DippyDo paid the account in full.
MerryMen still owes $48,000.
CurlyCues has not answered the phone for 8 months.
PrettyPenny paid its account.
NannyNancy paid $150,000 and on November 21 made a 120 note at 4% APR for the remainder.
AlphaBetCo paid its account in full.
TipsyTurvy has closed its business.
HappyHart paid its bill.
MityMan still owes its account.
JumpingJax paid
Solution
no one know this?
.
Scenario Allen Manesfield- Jenny Winters- and John Jacobsen have been.docx
Scenario
Allen Manesfield, Jenny Winters, and John Jacobsen have been discussing a persistent and irritating production problem. The three are employed by Honley Medical, which spe- cializes in the production of medical products and has three divisions: the IV Products Divi- sion, the Critical Care Monitoring Division, and the Specialty Products Division. Allen, Jenny, and John are associated with the IV Products Division
Solution
Questions to Think About
1.    What role, if any, should qualitative factors play in capital budgeting decisions?
Quantitative factors can be precisely measured in numerical terms, while qualitative factors are measured subjectively. Capital investments -- whether large, one-time purchases of facilities or productive equipment, investments in labor or assets purchased for profitable appreciation -- are generally driven by quantitative factors, such as price and an expected return on investment. However, managers today must consider a range of qualitative factors when making capital investment decisions. Ethics, safety, company culture and environmental concerns can affect the decision to purchase capital resources. Understanding these types of qualitative factors is part of making well-informed capital-investment decisions.
2.    How do we measure the financial benefits of long-term investments?
Generally ROI is used to measure the performance of a long term investment. Under this method all revenues over the life of the assets are converted to Present Value of Revenue and All expenses including the investment are converted into Present Value of Expenses.Net Present Value is the calculated by subtracting Present Value of Expenses from Net Present Value of Income. If NPV is >0 then invested to the project else rejected.
It is possible to measure Payback period which mean time at which project returns the original investment.
4.    What role do taxes and inflation play in assessing cash flows?
Taxes play an important rolebecause they affect both the amount and the timing of cash flows.
Inflation reduces the real value of money. So future revenue or future expenses discounted at present value does not show the effective Net Present Value for investment decision until inflation has been taken into calculation.
5.    Should the cash flows of intangible factors be estimated?
Intangible factors does not produce any cash. It is a qualitative factor. Hence should not be considered into cash flows.
.
S10-2 (Learning Objective 1- Describe the authority structure in a cor.docx
S10-2
(Learning Objective 1: Describe the authority structure in a corporation) Consider the authority structure in a corporation, as diagrammed in Exhibit 10-2.
1. What group holds the ultimate power in a corporation?
2. Who is the most powerful person in the corporation? What
Solution
With the changing corporate horizon, it has become increasingly difficult to keep track of what people do and where they stand on the corporate ladder. Should we be paying more attention to news relating to the CFO or the vice president? What exactly do they do?
Corporate governance is one of the main reasons that these terms exist. The evolution of public ownership has created a separation between ownership and management. Before the 20th century, many companies were small, family owned and family run. Today, many are large international conglomerates that trade publicly on one or many global exchanges.
In an attempt to create a corporation where stockholders\' interests are looked after, many firms have implemented a two-tier corporate hierarchy. On the first tier is the board of governors or directors: these individuals are elected by theshareholders of the corporation. On the second tier is the upper management: these individuals are hired by the board of directors. Let\'s begin by taking a closer look at the board of directors and what its members do. Please note this article focuses on corporate structure in the U.S.; in some other European countries corporate structure might be slightly different.
Board of Directors
Elected by the shareholders, the board of directors is made up of two types of representatives. The first type involves individuals chosen from within the company. This can be a CEO, CFO, manager or any other person who works for the company daily. The other type of representative is chosen externally and is considered to be independent from the company. The role of the board is to monitor a corporation\'s managers, acting as an advocate for stockholders. In essence, the board of directors tries to make sure that shareholders\' interests are well served.
Board members can be divided into three categories:
.
rovide 34 paragraphs that define how the IT security landscape has evo.docx
rovide 3–4 paragraphs that define how the IT security landscape has evolved over the last 10 years and how today\'s current technology works to keep environments secure. Feel free to mention how some of the tools used to protect your system include the following: Intrusion detection and prevention systems Firewalls Antivirus software Other software to eliminate malware and other such intrusive programs
Solution
Ten years ago .almost all threats were malware programs (viruses, worms, and Trojans) written by adolescent pranksters. Even though some malware programs did real harm, such as formatting disks or erasing data files, most simply annoyed people. There were only few professional and even state-sponsored hackers, but they weren\'t the norm.
Now,almost all malware is created to either steal money or corporate secrets.Malware has gone from innocuous, funny viruses and worms to identity-stealing programs and ransomware.
Due to this,there has been a lot of improvement in breach programs that help prevent such malware.
Once antivirus scanners were our main tool for breach detection. Now, an entirely new generation of companies and products have been developed to detect when somebody\'s doing something malicious, even if that something malicious is being done by a legitimate user.Event monitoring systems are improving. Many companies are now storing and analyzing billions of events a day, using huge disk storage arrays that a short time ago would have stored the world\'s entire collection of digital content.
Intrusion detection has moved beyond detecting simple malicious activity to detecting anomalous events that are out of character for a company and its employees. Connections to known, questionable networks are tracked and reported like the antivirus detections of yesteryear. Data leak protection (DLP) has become big business.Multifactor authentication has become very much common in every company in the past ten years.Also,Encryption of data has been made default.Default encryption will mean that when a computing device is stolen, no longer will it turn into a data compromise that must be reported to the authorities (and the media). The bad guys and unauthorized parties will be listening into our private conversations and transactions much less.
Unfortunately, all these defense improvements haven\'t yet translated into a safer computing environment. There are far more malicious attacks today than there were 10 years ago. \"Improvements\" in cyber crime have so far completely overwhelmed the advances in cyber security defense.
.
Regarding intermolecular forces Sometimes London dispersion forces ou.docx
Regarding intermolecular forces
Sometimes London dispersion forces outweighs that of hydrogen bonding
Can someone give me a brief explanation, if one compound is packed with O-H bonds but the other molecular weights is 2x greater than the compound with O-H bonds
Regarding intermolecular forces
Sometimes London dispersion forces outweighs that of hydrogen bonding
Can someone give me a brief explanation, if one compound is packed with O-H bonds but the other molecular weights is 2x greater than the compound with O-H bonds
Sometimes London dispersion forces outweighs that of hydrogen bonding
Can someone give me a brief explanation, if one compound is packed with O-H bonds but the other molecular weights is 2x greater than the compound with O-H bonds
Solution
I think your question would be bit more different. According to your question, the answer could be as simple as water weighs less than benzene, though water has O-H bond! I think my following answer from the perspective of intermolecular force will be helpful.
London dispersion force is the weakest intermolecular force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles. This force is sometimes called an induced dipole-induced dipole attraction. London forces are the attractive forces that cause nonpolar substances to condense to liquids and to freeze into solids when the temperature is lowered sufficiently. (Several molecules aggregate due to the attractive force)
Dispersion forces are present between any two molecules (even polar molecules). Larger and heavier atoms and molecules exhibit stronger dispersion forces than smaller and lighter ones because:
In a larger atom or molecule, the valence electrons are, on average, farther from the nuclei than in a smaller atom or molecule. They are less tightly held and can more easily form temporary dipoles.
Thus whether, O-H present or not, if the molecule is sufficient large enough to show remarkable dispersion force, it could be of higher weights than O-H compounds.
.
Questions 12-14 refer to the following aqueous solutions- (A) 1 M BaCl.docx
Questions 12-14 refer to the following aqueous solutions. (A) 1 M BaCl2 (B) 1 M HCI (C) 1 M HC H.O2 (D) 1 MNaNO (E) 1 M KOH 12. Is a basic solution 13. Has the lowest pH 14. Yield a white precipitate when added to an equal volume of 1 M NaSOslag) Questions 15-17 refer to the following elements. (A) Sodium (B) Calcium (C) Iron ,43 (D) Copper (E) Aluminum + 3 15. Occurs exclusively as M(aa) in aqueous solution 16. Forms a 2+ ion that is colorless in aqueous solution 17. Forms two common oxides of the types MO and M-O
Solution
Ans. #14. To yield a white precipitate with 1 M Na 2 SO 4 .
Na 2 SO 4 dissociates into 2 Na + and SO 4 2- .
# The salts of Na + (like NaCl from reaction of BaCl 2 and HCl) are soluble in water. Similarly Na + salt of acetic acid, KOH and Nitrates are also water soluble. That is, Na+ ion does not form a precipitate in general.
# The SO 4 2- ion forms white precipitate with Ba 2+ ion, but none others in the given list.
BaCl 2 (aq) + Na 2 SO 4 (aq) ----------> BaSO 4 (s) + 2 NaCl(aq)
So, correct option is- 1. 1 M BaCl 2
#17. To form MO and M 2 O oxides, the element must have the oxidation numbers of +2 (in MO) and +1 (M 2 O).
# Among the given list, only Cu has +1 (in CU 2 O) and +2 (CuO) oxidation numbers.
So, correct option is- D. Copper.
Note: Oxidation states of Fe are +2 (as Fe 2+ ) and +3 (as Fe 3+ ).
.
Reed Pentak a finance major has been following globalization and made.docx
Reed Pentak a finance major has been following globalization and made the following observation concerning accounting convergence. \" I do not see many obstacles concerning development of a single accounting standard for inventories. Prepare a response to Reed to explain the main obstacle to achieving convergence in the area of inventory accounting.
Solution
The greater emphasis on convergence is a result of the wave of globalization that
has swept our world. Today more and more companies are becoming multinational.
Companies have operations in different parts of the world with increasing number of
subsidiaries, joint ventures and franchises. The capital markets of the United States,
European Union, Eastern Europe, Asia, and Australia have become intertwined.
Investors now have more access than ever to financial markets and foreign companies.
It is imperative to continue to improve the efficiency of such markets so that they
remain healthy
However, a major obstacle that lingers in these markets is that the U.S.,
Europe and Japan have different regulatory standards for financial reporting. The
translation of financial statements from one type of standard to another is burdensome
because of time and cost required. Some companies prefer not to list on U.S. stock
exchanges, to avoid the complexities associated with the U.S. reporting. Also, investors
have to be aware of the differences when evaluating foreign companies, and this distorts
comparability and consistency. Financial statements are less relevant to its users when
they are not fully comparable. The consequence is that some investors choose not to
invest in foreign companies to avoid potential misunderstanding of financial statements,
and hence making a wrong investment decision. In the short term the disadvantages are
not so obvious, but in the long run this can impede integration of capital markets, and
efficient allocation of capital which is vital for a strong world economy. In 2000, FASB
stated that it
.
Recycling and composting are important parts of an overall management.docx
Recycling and composting are important parts of an overall management scheme, but their connections to other management practices must be understood. Discuss how a major increase in domestic-waste recycling and composting affects management schemes that rely on: Bulk incineration Strictly landfilling
Solution
Bulk Incineration
One of the most effective methods of reducing the volume and weight of solid waste is by burning it in a well designed furnace.\'
When the available land is scarce, disposal requirements are string out and destruction of toxic water is necessary, incineration is the best method for treatment of solid waste.
There are mainly stages involved in the process of incineration first drying and them combustion.
Drying and combustion may be accomplished either in separate mits as successively in the same unit depending on temperature constraints and control parameter.
Estimation of oxygen requirement and heat balance are very vital for efficient functioning of the incineration process.
This method is widely used in countries like USA where the calorific value of refuse is high and hence are quite suitable for burning.
Large scale air pollution particularly due to the emission of dioxins remains a serious problem with the incinerators.
The process is a bit expensive and requires a lot of technical know how.
Strictly Land Filling
Important aspect in the implementation of sanitary landfills include : (1) site selection, (2) land filling methods (3) occurrence of gases and leachate in landfills and (4) movement and control of landfill gases and leachate.\'
The following event occur when major increase in domestic-waste recycling and composting affects management schemes :
Biological decay of organic materials (aerobically/ anaerobically) with evolution of gases and liquids.
Chemical oxidation of waste materials.
Escape of gases from the fill.
Movement of liquids caused by differential heads.
dissolving and leaching of organic and inorganic materials by water and leachate moving through the fills.
movement of dissolved material by concentration gradients and osmosis.
uneven settlement caused by consolidation of material into voids.
Gases found in landfills include air, ammonia, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, hydrogen, sulfide, methane, nitrogen and oxygen. Carbon dioxide and methane are the principal gases produced from the anaerobic decomposition of the organic solid-waste components.
The movement of gases in landfills can be controlled by constructing vents and barriers and by gas recovery.
The movement of landfill gases can be controlled by landfill sealants.
Compacted clay is most commonly used as landfill sealants.
.
R5232- RS422- 20mA Current Loop and 1EE488 are typical standard interf.docx
R5232, RS422, 20mA Current Loop and 1EE488 are typical standard interfaces used in communication. Compare and describe these protocols.
Solution
RS-232 is the most common serial interface and ships as a standard component on most Windows-compatible desktop computers. RS-232 only allows for one transmitter and one receiver on each line. RS-232 also uses a Full-Duplex transmission method. Some RS-232 boards sold by National Instruments support baud rates up to 1 Mbit/s, but most devices are limited to 115.2 kbits/s. Note that RS-422/RS-485 interface is not available on most IBM PCs.
RS-422 (EIA RS-422-A Standard) is the serial connection used on Apple computers. It provides a mechanism for transmitting data up to 10 Mbits/s. RS-422 sends each signal using two wires to increase the maximum baud rate and cable length. RS-422 is also specified for multi-drop applications where only one transmitter is connected to, and transmits on, a bus of up to 10 receivers.
20 mA Current loop: The current loop interface for serial data communications is used in a number of applications. As the name implies, the current loop serial data communications scheme uses the level of current instead of voltage to provide the signalling method. Often the scheme is called a 20mA current loop interface in view of the standard level of current that is often used.
Line losses are not usually significant, Can be used for long distances, Can be isolated from ground, Provided a simple form of networking
IEEE488 or GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus) :
GPIB is a standardized communications bus consisting of 16 signal lines (wires) used to operate up to 15 instruments simultaneously via a parallel connection. It Can be used to control up to 15 instruments simultaneously from one control device (PC). But, It is only good over short distances 60 ft and requires the purchase of extensive hardware to setup and extend operating range. Highly susceptible to noise over long distances.
.
RADIUS provides three services- authentication- authorization- and acc.docx
RADIUS provides three services: authentication, authorization, and accounting. RADIUS facilitates centralized user administration and keeps all user profiles in one location that all remote services share.
Describe what happens at each stage of RADIUS
Solution
RADIUS:-
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) is a networking protocol that provides centralized Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting management for users who connect and use a network service.
Authentication :
The user or machine sends a request to a Network Access Server (NAS) to gain access to a particular network resource using access credentials. The credentials are passed to the NAS device via the link-layer protocol.
This request includes access credentials, typically in the form of username and password or security certificate provided by the user.
The RADIUS server checks that the information is correct using authentication schemes such as PAP, CHAP or EAP. The user\'s proof of identification is verified, along with, optionally. RADIUS servers checked the user\'s information against a locally stored flat file database. Modern RADIUS servers can do this, or can refer to external sources to verify the user\'s credentials.
The RADIUS server then returns one of three responses to the NAS : 1) Access Reject, 2) Access Challenge,3) Access Accept.
Authorization:
Authorization attributes are conveyed to the NAS stipulating terms of access to be granted. For example, the following authorization attributes may be included in an Access-Accept
-The specific IP address to be assigned to the user
-The address pool from which the user\'s IP should be chosen
-The maximum length of time that the user may remain connected
-Quality of Service (QoS) parameters
Accounting:-
When network access is granted to the user by the NAS, an Accounting Start is sent by the NAS to the RADIUS server to signal the start of the user\'s network access. \"Start\" records typically contain the user\'s identification, network address, point of attachment and a unique session identifier.Periodically, Interim Update records may be sent by the NAS to the RADIUS server, to update it on the status of an active session. \"Interim\" records typically convey the current session duration and information on current data usage.
Finally, when the user\'s network access is closed, the NAS issues a final Accounting Stop record to the RADIUS server, providing information on the final usage in terms of time, packets transferred, data transferred, reason for disconnect and other information related to the user\'s network access.
.
Question- Federal funding agencies must form committees to decide whic.docx
Question : Federal funding agencies must form committees to decide which telescope projects will receive funds for construction. When deciding which projects wil be funded, the committees must consider:
-that certain wavelengths of light are blocked from reaching Earth\'s surface by the atmosphere,
-how efficiently telescopes work at different wavlengths, and
-that telescopes in space are much more expensive to construct than Earth-based telescopes.
Using these three criteria, consider each pairing of telescope proposals listed below. For each pair, state which of the two you would choose to fund and explain your reasoning.
Pair A)
Project Beta: An X-ray wavelength telescope, located near the North Pole, which will be used to examine the Sun.
Project Alpha : An infrared wavelength telescope, placed on a satellite in orbit around Earth, which will be used to view supernovae.
Pair B)
Project Rho : A UV wavelength telescope, placed high atop Mauna Kea in Hawaii at 14,000 ft above sea level, which will be used to look at distant galaxies.
Project Sigma : A visible wavelength telescope, placed on a satellite orbit around Earth, which will be used to observe a pair of binary stars located in the constellation Ursa Major.
Pair C)
Project Zeta: A radio wavelength telescope, placed on the floor of the Mojave Desert, which will be used to detect potential communications from distant civilizations outside our solar system.
Project Epsilon: An infrared wavelength telescope, located in the high-elevation mountains of Chile, which will be used to view newly forming stars (protostars) in the Orion nebula.
Solution
From pair A, I will choose project alpha as some infrared waves can reach earth\'s surface. On the other hand, x-rays will be absorbed in the outer atompshere. So, I will choose project alpha.
From pair B, I will select project rho as project sigma is space based and willl be expensive. so, project rho is more feasible.
From pair C, Project epsilon because,
.
More from acarolyn (18)
Research the issues that you might face as a network administrator whe.docx
Research the issues that you might face as a network administrator whe.docx
Reset Help By the Brnsted-Lowry definition- acids are proton donors an.docx
Reset Help By the Brnsted-Lowry definition- acids are proton donors an.docx
reverse the linked list (2-4-8-10) by- stack- iteration- recursion- U.docx
reverse the linked list (2-4-8-10) by- stack- iteration- recursion- U.docx
SECTION III- SHORT ANSWER (10 possible points) Please give a brief ans.docx
SECTION III- SHORT ANSWER (10 possible points) Please give a brief ans.docx
Select a specific event that has recently occurred (within the last 30.docx
Select a specific event that has recently occurred (within the last 30.docx
Security Breaches and the Six Dumb Ideas Consider a recent (2014- 2015.docx
Security Breaches and the Six Dumb Ideas Consider a recent (2014- 2015.docx
Scientifically continuous phase apersed phase Speaking Chapter Review.docx
Scientifically continuous phase apersed phase Speaking Chapter Review.docx
Scenario- You are the Accountant for WanneBee Corporation WannaBee Cor.docx
Scenario- You are the Accountant for WanneBee Corporation WannaBee Cor.docx
Scenario Allen Manesfield- Jenny Winters- and John Jacobsen have been.docx
Scenario Allen Manesfield- Jenny Winters- and John Jacobsen have been.docx
S10-2 (Learning Objective 1- Describe the authority structure in a cor.docx
S10-2 (Learning Objective 1- Describe the authority structure in a cor.docx
rovide 34 paragraphs that define how the IT security landscape has evo.docx
rovide 34 paragraphs that define how the IT security landscape has evo.docx
Regarding intermolecular forces Sometimes London dispersion forces ou.docx
Regarding intermolecular forces Sometimes London dispersion forces ou.docx
Questions 12-14 refer to the following aqueous solutions- (A) 1 M BaCl.docx
Questions 12-14 refer to the following aqueous solutions- (A) 1 M BaCl.docx
Reed Pentak a finance major has been following globalization and made.docx
Reed Pentak a finance major has been following globalization and made.docx
Recycling and composting are important parts of an overall management.docx
Recycling and composting are important parts of an overall management.docx
R5232- RS422- 20mA Current Loop and 1EE488 are typical standard interf.docx
R5232- RS422- 20mA Current Loop and 1EE488 are typical standard interf.docx
RADIUS provides three services- authentication- authorization- and acc.docx
RADIUS provides three services- authentication- authorization- and acc.docx
Question- Federal funding agencies must form committees to decide whic.docx
Question- Federal funding agencies must form committees to decide whic.docx
Recently uploaded
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
clinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in Education
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Top five deadliest dog breeds in America
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docx
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
Recently uploaded (20)
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Film vocab for eal 3 students: Australia the movie
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Azure Interview Questions and Answers PDF By ScholarHat
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRM
Redesign- Make a prediction relating heat to the movement of molecules.docx
- 1. Redesign: Make a prediction relating heat to the movement of molecules. How does this relate to fluorescent lighting? Gas Liquid Solution generally the , Solids - vibrational (and rotational); moving very slowly. Liquids - vibrational, rotational, and translational; moving quickly. Gases - vibrational, rotational, and translational; moving very quickly. Explanation: Particles are always moving. No matter what. There is a certain point where they move so slowly it is considered minuscule, but they are in fact moving. Thus, in solids, liquids, and gases, you can expect particles to move in a certain trend. That trend is average kinetic energy of the particles and the forces holding them together (attraction). Solids When you have little to no heat, the particles are moving very slowly, so slowly that they atomic attractions result in bonds that are difficult to break without adding energy. At this stage, this is known as a solid. In a solid, the particles are vibrating. Only some solids have the ability to rotate. They cannot translate regardless. Liquids When you add energy (heat) to a solid, you "excite" the particles so much that they break their bond; their attraction is too weak to hold them together - yet strong enough to keep a form As a result, you get a liquid.
- 2. In a liquid, the particles are not only vibrating (their bonds are not present but they still vibrate), but they are also rotating and translating. The particles are moving much faster than in a solid. Gases When you add even more energy to the substance, you increase the kinetic energy of those particles so much, that they lose their state form, becoming a gas. In a gas, particles have vibrational, rotational, and translational motion, allowing them to "bounce" off of one another. Particles in a gas state move much faster than a liquid. Light is a form of energy that can be released by an atom. It is made up of many small particle- like packets that have energy and momentum but no mass. These particles, called light photons, are the most basic units of light. When the atom gains or loses energy, the change is expressed by the movement of electrons. When something passes energy on to an atom -- heat , for example -- an electron may be temporarily boosted to a higher orbital (farther away from the nucleus). The electron only holds this position for a tiny fraction of a second; almost immediately, it is drawn back toward the nucleus, to its original orbital. As it returns to its original orbital, the electron releases the extra energy in the form of a photon, in some cases a light photon