The document provides information about the particle models of gases, liquids, and solids. It explains that gases have no fixed shape or volume, while liquids have a fixed volume but not shape, and solids have both a fixed volume and shape. It also discusses phase changes like evaporation, boiling, melting, and freezing in terms of particle motion and interactions. Additional topics covered include light, heat, temperature, and magnets.
Chapter 1 kinetic particle theory notes ( class test )Wei Qi Ng
Everything is made up of matter, which can exist in solid, liquid, or gas states. The kinetic particle theory explains the behavior of these different states in terms of the motion and arrangement of their tiny particles. Changes in temperature and pressure can cause matter to change states through processes like evaporation, condensation, and sublimation as particles gain or lose kinetic energy. Diffusion is the process by which particles spread out and fill available space, moving from areas of higher to lower concentration, with rate of diffusion increasing at higher temperatures as particles move faster.
heat & temperature with the adaptation of animalas and plantsPratham Gorani
This document discusses heat and temperature. It defines temperature as a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles, with higher temperatures indicating faster particle motion. It describes the three main temperature scales - Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin - and how they differ. Heat is defined as the flow of thermal energy between objects due to a temperature difference. The three main methods of heat transfer are conduction, convection, and radiation. Thermal expansion and contraction occur as particles change speed and spacing with temperature variations.
The kinetic particle theory states that all matter is made up of tiny particles in constant, random motion. It describes the three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas - based on how the particles are arranged and how they move. In solids, particles vibrate in fixed positions and are packed closely together. In liquids, particles slide past one another but are still closely packed. In gases, particles move rapidly in any direction with empty space between them. Changes of state, like melting, boiling, freezing, and condensation can be explained by whether particles gain or lose kinetic energy, overcoming or forming intermolecular forces of attraction.
Molecules are always in motion. The energy level and speed of molecular motion determines the state of matter and temperature. Heat transfer occurs as warmer objects transfer
This document discusses the key concepts of melting point, boiling point, phase changes, and the particle model of matter. It defines melting point as the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid, and boiling point as the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas. It also discusses how particle kinetic energy and intermolecular forces relate to phase changes, and how the states of matter differ in terms of particle arrangement and motion.
Arrow of time determined by lthe easier direction of computation for lifeAlberto Corona
- Life is a process of computation that allows organisms to predict their environment and ensure homeostasis. Even single-celled organisms and plants compute through chemical reactions.
- The direction of time and causality experienced by living beings is a result of the computational ease of moving from higher to lower entropy states. Predicting low entropy states from high entropy states is much more difficult.
- A mathematical structure that facilitates life's computational needs of reducing entropy and allowing predictions would be required for the existence of an observable universe according to the Mathematical Multiverse Hypothesis.
All matter, including air, water, earth, living things, and celestial objects like the sun and stars, is composed of particles. There are three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. In solids, particles are tightly packed and held in fixed positions. In liquids, particles move freely but are still attracted to each other. In gases, particles move randomly with little attraction between them. Matter can change states through processes like melting, boiling, and evaporation by increasing or decreasing the energy and movement of its particles. The rate that different gases diffuse is directly proportional to their solubility and inversely proportional to the square root of their density, according to Graham's Law of Diffusion. Changing temperature and pressure can
Chapter 1 kinetic particle theory notes ( class test )Wei Qi Ng
Everything is made up of matter, which can exist in solid, liquid, or gas states. The kinetic particle theory explains the behavior of these different states in terms of the motion and arrangement of their tiny particles. Changes in temperature and pressure can cause matter to change states through processes like evaporation, condensation, and sublimation as particles gain or lose kinetic energy. Diffusion is the process by which particles spread out and fill available space, moving from areas of higher to lower concentration, with rate of diffusion increasing at higher temperatures as particles move faster.
heat & temperature with the adaptation of animalas and plantsPratham Gorani
This document discusses heat and temperature. It defines temperature as a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles, with higher temperatures indicating faster particle motion. It describes the three main temperature scales - Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin - and how they differ. Heat is defined as the flow of thermal energy between objects due to a temperature difference. The three main methods of heat transfer are conduction, convection, and radiation. Thermal expansion and contraction occur as particles change speed and spacing with temperature variations.
The kinetic particle theory states that all matter is made up of tiny particles in constant, random motion. It describes the three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas - based on how the particles are arranged and how they move. In solids, particles vibrate in fixed positions and are packed closely together. In liquids, particles slide past one another but are still closely packed. In gases, particles move rapidly in any direction with empty space between them. Changes of state, like melting, boiling, freezing, and condensation can be explained by whether particles gain or lose kinetic energy, overcoming or forming intermolecular forces of attraction.
Molecules are always in motion. The energy level and speed of molecular motion determines the state of matter and temperature. Heat transfer occurs as warmer objects transfer
This document discusses the key concepts of melting point, boiling point, phase changes, and the particle model of matter. It defines melting point as the temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid, and boiling point as the temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas. It also discusses how particle kinetic energy and intermolecular forces relate to phase changes, and how the states of matter differ in terms of particle arrangement and motion.
Arrow of time determined by lthe easier direction of computation for lifeAlberto Corona
- Life is a process of computation that allows organisms to predict their environment and ensure homeostasis. Even single-celled organisms and plants compute through chemical reactions.
- The direction of time and causality experienced by living beings is a result of the computational ease of moving from higher to lower entropy states. Predicting low entropy states from high entropy states is much more difficult.
- A mathematical structure that facilitates life's computational needs of reducing entropy and allowing predictions would be required for the existence of an observable universe according to the Mathematical Multiverse Hypothesis.
All matter, including air, water, earth, living things, and celestial objects like the sun and stars, is composed of particles. There are three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas. In solids, particles are tightly packed and held in fixed positions. In liquids, particles move freely but are still attracted to each other. In gases, particles move randomly with little attraction between them. Matter can change states through processes like melting, boiling, and evaporation by increasing or decreasing the energy and movement of its particles. The rate that different gases diffuse is directly proportional to their solubility and inversely proportional to the square root of their density, according to Graham's Law of Diffusion. Changing temperature and pressure can
1. The document discusses key concepts about light and sound including that light travels in straight lines while sound travels as waves through matter.
2. Key terms are defined such as reflection, refraction, transparent and opaque objects.
3. The document also explores how lenses work, specifically that convex lenses magnify objects while concave lenses make objects appear smaller.
This document discusses kinetic particle theory and the three states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases. It describes the arrangement and movement of particles in each state and how they differ. Specifically, it explains that in solids, particles are closely packed in an orderly arrangement and vibrate about fixed positions. In liquids, particles are closely packed disorderly and can move throughout while in gases, particles are far apart and move randomly. The document also covers how states are determined by intermolecular forces and particle energy.
1. The kinetic particle theory describes the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) based on how closely particles are packed and how they move. In solids, particles vibrate in fixed positions; in liquids, they slide over each other; and in gases, they are far apart and move rapidly.
2. Changes of state like melting, freezing, boiling, and condensation occur when particles gain or lose enough kinetic energy to overcome the forces between them. Melting and boiling happen when particles break away from fixed positions and spread out. Freezing and condensation occur when particles slow down and settle into fixed positions.
3. Evaporation and sublimation are also changes of state: evap
1) Light travels in straight lines and much faster than sound.
2) We see objects because they reflect light into our eyes, and shadows are formed when light is blocked.
3) Reflection, refraction, and the splitting of white light into colors are described. Filters can be used to block certain colors of light.
The document discusses Krish Murali Eswar's theory of gravity and the formation of the universe according to intuition gained through Kundalini meditation. It proposes that eternal space is the primordial state from which infinitesimal energy particles called vethons evolved. As vethons spin due to surrounding pressure, waves called yogons form and eventually condense into different elements, planets, stars and living beings that make up the universe. Gravity is described not as an attractive force but as the static, self-compressive field of eternal space that causes repulsion between particles and holds the universe in existence.
The document discusses key concepts relating to temperature and heat transfer. It defines temperature as a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object. As temperature increases, particles move faster, spreading out through thermal expansion. Different temperature scales are presented, with Fahrenheit and Celsius defined by their freezing and boiling points and Kelvin having absolute zero as its lowest value. Heat transfers between objects with different temperatures in order to equalize thermal energy, which is the kinetic energy of particles. Materials are classified as conductors or insulators based on their ability to transfer thermal energy through conduction, convection, or radiation.
The document discusses several topics in physics including potential and kinetic energy, colors of light, current, charges, heat, and temperature, and sound. It provides definitions, equations, and key concepts for each topic. For example, it defines potential energy as stored energy due to an object's position and kinetic energy as energy from an object's motion. It also explains that current is a measure of the number of electrical charges passing through a conductor and that voltage is the difference in potential energy between charged particles.
The document provides a review of key concepts in physics including:
- Phases of matter and their distinguishing properties
- Temperature scales including Kelvin and absolute zero
- Classification of physical and chemical properties and changes
- Concepts of elements, compounds, mixtures and their composition
- Atomic structure including protons, neutrons, electrons and the forces that hold atoms together
- Bonding types including ionic, covalent and metallic
- Concepts of motion including speed, velocity, acceleration and projectile motion under gravity
The document discusses the different states of matter including solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein condensates. It describes the key properties of each state, such as solids having a fixed shape and volume while liquids can change shape but maintain a constant volume. Gases have no definite shape or volume and spread out indefinitely. Plasma is an ionized gas where electrons are freed from atoms. Bose-Einstein condensates occur at ultra-low temperatures where atoms collapse into the lowest quantum state.
Chapter 1 kinetic particle theory notes ( class test ) part 2Wei Qi Ng
Evaporation occurs when liquid particles near the surface gain enough energy to escape into a gas, while boiling only occurs at or above the boiling point of the liquid. Evaporation is a slower process that only occurs at the surface, while boiling happens rapidly throughout the entire liquid. Condensation is the reverse process where a gas turns back into a liquid upon cooling. Sublimation bypasses the liquid state as some solids turn directly into gases upon heating. Diffusion is the process where gas or liquid particles spread out and mix due to their movement from areas of higher to lower concentration. Heavier particles diffuse slower than lighter ones, and increasing temperature also increases the rate of diffusion.
This document provides an overview of matter and its properties according to the ICSE curriculum for upper primary classes. It defines matter as anything that occupies space, has mass and volume, and can be sensed. All matter is composed of molecules, which are made up of atoms. Matter can exist in three states - solid, liquid, and gas - depending on the strength of intermolecular forces and the distance between molecules. Changes in state, such as melting, boiling, and sublimation, occur when matter gains or loses heat. Heating matter can also cause chemical changes in addition to physical changes like expansion and changes in state.
The document discusses the states of matter and their properties. It explains that matter can exist in three states - solid, liquid, and gas - depending on the arrangement and movement of particles. In a solid, particles are closely packed in a definite arrangement. In a liquid, particles are closer together but can move past each other. In a gas, particles are far apart and move freely in random directions. The document also discusses the chemical structure of matter, stating that all matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms which have specific masses and properties depending on their element.
The document discusses the physical nature of matter and the different states of matter - solid, liquid and gas. It explains the characteristics of particles in each state and how they differ from each other. Some key points covered are:
- Matter is made up of tiny particles that are constantly moving
- In solids, particles are tightly packed and hold their shape. In liquids, particles are loosely packed and flow freely, while gases have negligible attraction and fill their container
- Matter can change states by heating and cooling, absorbing or releasing energy. The temperature and pressure at which changes occur define important points like melting point and boiling point
- Evaporation and boiling involve particles changing from liquid to gas, with evaporation occurring below
This document provides an overview of key concepts in biology and physical science, including:
- Chemistry is the study of matter, physics is the study of energy and its effects on matter. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
- Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. Atoms can combine to form molecules and compounds with unique properties.
- The periodic table organizes the known elements based on their atomic structure. Elements combine via ionic or covalent bonds to reach stable electron configurations.
- Matter exists in solid, liquid, gas or plasma states, depending on temperature and pressure. Physical and chemical properties can be observed and measured without changing the identity of the substance.
The document provides information about the particle models of gases, liquids, and solids. It explains that gases have no fixed shape or volume, while liquids have a fixed volume but not shape, and solids have both a fixed volume and shape. It also discusses the states of matter and how heating and cooling can cause phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas. Additionally, it covers topics like light, heat, temperature, and magnets.
The document provides information about the particle models of gases, liquids, and solids. It explains that gases have no fixed shape or volume, while liquids have a fixed volume but not shape, and solids have both a fixed volume and shape. It also discusses the states of matter and how heating and cooling can cause phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas. Additionally, it covers topics like evaporation, boiling, reflection of light, heat transfer, and properties of magnets.
El documento presenta técnicas de edición de imágenes con GIMP. Explica cómo realizar fotocomposiciones mediante la combinación de diferentes elementos gráficos. Muestra un ejemplo de antes y después de crear una felicitación modificando una fotografía.
This document discusses the benefits of learning web programming and developing websites. It notes that as of 2015, 139 million Indonesians used the internet, showing the reach of online platforms. Websites allow for cheaper and more flexible e-commerce than physical stores, and are open 24/7 globally. Learning web programming provides a good starting point for learning other programming skills while also adding value and variety online. The document encourages starting small but being consistent with web development projects in order to tell good stories and help others.
El documento presenta algunas prácticas básicas de GIMP para fotocomposición. Incluye ejemplos de cómo combinar diferentes elementos gráficos en una sola imagen, como una felicitación antes y después de aplicar las herramientas de GIMP.
[Ringkasan]
1. Istilah ekologi pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh Ernest Haeckel pada tahun 1869 yang didefinisikan sebagai ilmu tentang hubungan timbal balik antara mahluk hidup dengan lingkungannya.
2. Ekologi mempelajari faktor-faktor lingkungan sosial dan fisik yang mempengaruhi penyelenggaraan pemerintahan seperti ideologi, politik, ekonomi, sosial budaya, agama, kondisi geografi, sumber daya al
The document provides information about the particle models of gases, liquids, and solids. It explains that gases have no fixed shape or volume, while liquids have a fixed volume but not shape. Solids have both a fixed shape and volume. It also discusses phase changes like evaporation, boiling, melting, and freezing in terms of particle motion and interactions. Additional topics covered include light, heat, temperature, and magnets.
Why you should learn web programming ?Friza Skeith
Dokumen ini berisi profil singkat Riza Herzego Nida Fathan yang merupakan pemenang Grand Prize Sanitation Hackathon tahun 2014. Dokumen ini juga menampilkan statistik penduduk dan pengguna internet Indonesia tahun 2015 serta menunjukkan potensi internet sebagai toko online terbesar di dunia.
1. The document discusses key concepts about light and sound including that light travels in straight lines while sound travels as waves through matter.
2. Key terms are defined such as reflection, refraction, transparent and opaque objects.
3. The document also explores how lenses work, specifically that convex lenses magnify objects while concave lenses make objects appear smaller.
This document discusses kinetic particle theory and the three states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases. It describes the arrangement and movement of particles in each state and how they differ. Specifically, it explains that in solids, particles are closely packed in an orderly arrangement and vibrate about fixed positions. In liquids, particles are closely packed disorderly and can move throughout while in gases, particles are far apart and move randomly. The document also covers how states are determined by intermolecular forces and particle energy.
1. The kinetic particle theory describes the three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) based on how closely particles are packed and how they move. In solids, particles vibrate in fixed positions; in liquids, they slide over each other; and in gases, they are far apart and move rapidly.
2. Changes of state like melting, freezing, boiling, and condensation occur when particles gain or lose enough kinetic energy to overcome the forces between them. Melting and boiling happen when particles break away from fixed positions and spread out. Freezing and condensation occur when particles slow down and settle into fixed positions.
3. Evaporation and sublimation are also changes of state: evap
1) Light travels in straight lines and much faster than sound.
2) We see objects because they reflect light into our eyes, and shadows are formed when light is blocked.
3) Reflection, refraction, and the splitting of white light into colors are described. Filters can be used to block certain colors of light.
The document discusses Krish Murali Eswar's theory of gravity and the formation of the universe according to intuition gained through Kundalini meditation. It proposes that eternal space is the primordial state from which infinitesimal energy particles called vethons evolved. As vethons spin due to surrounding pressure, waves called yogons form and eventually condense into different elements, planets, stars and living beings that make up the universe. Gravity is described not as an attractive force but as the static, self-compressive field of eternal space that causes repulsion between particles and holds the universe in existence.
The document discusses key concepts relating to temperature and heat transfer. It defines temperature as a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in an object. As temperature increases, particles move faster, spreading out through thermal expansion. Different temperature scales are presented, with Fahrenheit and Celsius defined by their freezing and boiling points and Kelvin having absolute zero as its lowest value. Heat transfers between objects with different temperatures in order to equalize thermal energy, which is the kinetic energy of particles. Materials are classified as conductors or insulators based on their ability to transfer thermal energy through conduction, convection, or radiation.
The document discusses several topics in physics including potential and kinetic energy, colors of light, current, charges, heat, and temperature, and sound. It provides definitions, equations, and key concepts for each topic. For example, it defines potential energy as stored energy due to an object's position and kinetic energy as energy from an object's motion. It also explains that current is a measure of the number of electrical charges passing through a conductor and that voltage is the difference in potential energy between charged particles.
The document provides a review of key concepts in physics including:
- Phases of matter and their distinguishing properties
- Temperature scales including Kelvin and absolute zero
- Classification of physical and chemical properties and changes
- Concepts of elements, compounds, mixtures and their composition
- Atomic structure including protons, neutrons, electrons and the forces that hold atoms together
- Bonding types including ionic, covalent and metallic
- Concepts of motion including speed, velocity, acceleration and projectile motion under gravity
The document discusses the different states of matter including solid, liquid, gas, plasma, and Bose-Einstein condensates. It describes the key properties of each state, such as solids having a fixed shape and volume while liquids can change shape but maintain a constant volume. Gases have no definite shape or volume and spread out indefinitely. Plasma is an ionized gas where electrons are freed from atoms. Bose-Einstein condensates occur at ultra-low temperatures where atoms collapse into the lowest quantum state.
Chapter 1 kinetic particle theory notes ( class test ) part 2Wei Qi Ng
Evaporation occurs when liquid particles near the surface gain enough energy to escape into a gas, while boiling only occurs at or above the boiling point of the liquid. Evaporation is a slower process that only occurs at the surface, while boiling happens rapidly throughout the entire liquid. Condensation is the reverse process where a gas turns back into a liquid upon cooling. Sublimation bypasses the liquid state as some solids turn directly into gases upon heating. Diffusion is the process where gas or liquid particles spread out and mix due to their movement from areas of higher to lower concentration. Heavier particles diffuse slower than lighter ones, and increasing temperature also increases the rate of diffusion.
This document provides an overview of matter and its properties according to the ICSE curriculum for upper primary classes. It defines matter as anything that occupies space, has mass and volume, and can be sensed. All matter is composed of molecules, which are made up of atoms. Matter can exist in three states - solid, liquid, and gas - depending on the strength of intermolecular forces and the distance between molecules. Changes in state, such as melting, boiling, and sublimation, occur when matter gains or loses heat. Heating matter can also cause chemical changes in addition to physical changes like expansion and changes in state.
The document discusses the states of matter and their properties. It explains that matter can exist in three states - solid, liquid, and gas - depending on the arrangement and movement of particles. In a solid, particles are closely packed in a definite arrangement. In a liquid, particles are closer together but can move past each other. In a gas, particles are far apart and move freely in random directions. The document also discusses the chemical structure of matter, stating that all matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms which have specific masses and properties depending on their element.
The document discusses the physical nature of matter and the different states of matter - solid, liquid and gas. It explains the characteristics of particles in each state and how they differ from each other. Some key points covered are:
- Matter is made up of tiny particles that are constantly moving
- In solids, particles are tightly packed and hold their shape. In liquids, particles are loosely packed and flow freely, while gases have negligible attraction and fill their container
- Matter can change states by heating and cooling, absorbing or releasing energy. The temperature and pressure at which changes occur define important points like melting point and boiling point
- Evaporation and boiling involve particles changing from liquid to gas, with evaporation occurring below
This document provides an overview of key concepts in biology and physical science, including:
- Chemistry is the study of matter, physics is the study of energy and its effects on matter. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
- Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter. Atoms can combine to form molecules and compounds with unique properties.
- The periodic table organizes the known elements based on their atomic structure. Elements combine via ionic or covalent bonds to reach stable electron configurations.
- Matter exists in solid, liquid, gas or plasma states, depending on temperature and pressure. Physical and chemical properties can be observed and measured without changing the identity of the substance.
The document provides information about the particle models of gases, liquids, and solids. It explains that gases have no fixed shape or volume, while liquids have a fixed volume but not shape, and solids have both a fixed volume and shape. It also discusses the states of matter and how heating and cooling can cause phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas. Additionally, it covers topics like light, heat, temperature, and magnets.
The document provides information about the particle models of gases, liquids, and solids. It explains that gases have no fixed shape or volume, while liquids have a fixed volume but not shape, and solids have both a fixed volume and shape. It also discusses the states of matter and how heating and cooling can cause phase changes between solid, liquid, and gas. Additionally, it covers topics like evaporation, boiling, reflection of light, heat transfer, and properties of magnets.
El documento presenta técnicas de edición de imágenes con GIMP. Explica cómo realizar fotocomposiciones mediante la combinación de diferentes elementos gráficos. Muestra un ejemplo de antes y después de crear una felicitación modificando una fotografía.
This document discusses the benefits of learning web programming and developing websites. It notes that as of 2015, 139 million Indonesians used the internet, showing the reach of online platforms. Websites allow for cheaper and more flexible e-commerce than physical stores, and are open 24/7 globally. Learning web programming provides a good starting point for learning other programming skills while also adding value and variety online. The document encourages starting small but being consistent with web development projects in order to tell good stories and help others.
El documento presenta algunas prácticas básicas de GIMP para fotocomposición. Incluye ejemplos de cómo combinar diferentes elementos gráficos en una sola imagen, como una felicitación antes y después de aplicar las herramientas de GIMP.
[Ringkasan]
1. Istilah ekologi pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh Ernest Haeckel pada tahun 1869 yang didefinisikan sebagai ilmu tentang hubungan timbal balik antara mahluk hidup dengan lingkungannya.
2. Ekologi mempelajari faktor-faktor lingkungan sosial dan fisik yang mempengaruhi penyelenggaraan pemerintahan seperti ideologi, politik, ekonomi, sosial budaya, agama, kondisi geografi, sumber daya al
The document provides information about the particle models of gases, liquids, and solids. It explains that gases have no fixed shape or volume, while liquids have a fixed volume but not shape. Solids have both a fixed shape and volume. It also discusses phase changes like evaporation, boiling, melting, and freezing in terms of particle motion and interactions. Additional topics covered include light, heat, temperature, and magnets.
Why you should learn web programming ?Friza Skeith
Dokumen ini berisi profil singkat Riza Herzego Nida Fathan yang merupakan pemenang Grand Prize Sanitation Hackathon tahun 2014. Dokumen ini juga menampilkan statistik penduduk dan pengguna internet Indonesia tahun 2015 serta menunjukkan potensi internet sebagai toko online terbesar di dunia.
Argentina undertook market reforms in the early 1990s under President Menem. This included privatizing state-owned industries like airlines and telecommunications, liberalizing foreign investment and trade, and establishing a fixed exchange rate between the peso and US dollar. The reforms initially led to lower inflation, economic growth, and higher living standards. However, by the late 1990s output began declining and unemployment rose. Problems included inflexible labor laws, over-regulation of business, and fiscal evasion and capital flight that undermined stability.
El documento presenta una introducción a una jornada sobre el uso de diapositivas. Luego, propone dos actividades: 1) relacionar iconos con etapas de investigación y 2) ordenar palabras para describir el proceso de investigación. Finalmente, pregunta sobre el uso de diapositivas en la clase.
Make front page in adobe photoshop ( business fellows )bbafellows
In this tutorial you will learn how to make Front page in Adobe Photoshop for your Projects and Assignments... It,s very easy to work in Adobe Photoshop
Insert pictures in adobe photoshop ( business fellows )bbafellows
This 3-step tutorial teaches how to insert pictures into Adobe Photoshop. It instructs the user to (1) open a new image and select the picture they want to insert from their drive, (2) drag the picture onto the Photoshop layer where it will be copied, and (3) adjust the picture size using Image > Image Size if it does not initially fit on the layer properly. The tutorial concludes by noting the user can adjust the picture position and invites readers to contact the author with any other questions.
How to make power point slides ( business fellows )bbafellows
In this tutorial you will learn how to make Powerpoint Slides for your projects and assignments..
Follow couple of steps to make power point presentations...
Ways of transferring thermal energy.pdfMariamBabar4
Thermal energy can be transferred between substances and objects through conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction involves the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact as particles vibrate and collide. Convection occurs through the bulk movement of heated fluids like gases and liquids. Radiation transfers thermal energy through electromagnetic waves and does not require direct contact between the objects.
This document provides an overview of the kinetic molecular model of matter. It describes the three main states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases - in terms of the arrangement, separation, and motion of molecules. In solids, molecules are close together and vibrate in place, giving solids a definite shape and volume. In liquids, molecules move more freely but have a definite volume and take the shape of their container. In gases, molecules move freely in all directions, causing gases to have no definite shape or volume and fill their container. Matter can change states through processes like melting, freezing, boiling, condensation, and sublimation in response to changes in temperature and energy. The properties of each state relate to
Heat is a form of energy that is transferred between objects by radiation, conduction, or convection. The document discusses these three methods of heat transfer and provides examples. It also defines important concepts such as temperature, insulators, conductors, and how materials expand and contract with changes in heat. The key learning points are to understand the different forms of heat transfer and how temperature and heat energy are related but distinct concepts.
This document discusses heat transfer and thermal energy. It defines heat as a form of energy that causes particles to move and take up more space. Heat is transferred between objects by conduction, convection, or radiation. Conduction involves direct contact between particles, convection involves the movement of fluids like gases and liquids, and radiation transfers heat through electromagnetic waves without a medium. The document differentiates between heat and temperature, explaining that temperature measures how hot an object is while heat refers to the total thermal energy. It also covers how heating and cooling affect the expansion and contraction of materials.
1. the particulate nature of matter igcse version 1HishamMahmoud17
The document discusses the kinetic theory and properties of the three states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases. It explains that:
- Solids have strong intermolecular forces keeping particles packed closely together in a fixed pattern. Particles can only vibrate.
- Liquids have weaker forces, allowing particles to move past each other and flow freely but retain a fixed volume.
- Gases have no intermolecular forces and particles move quickly in random directions, colliding to create pressure. Gases have no fixed volume.
It then discusses processes that change between these states - melting, boiling, freezing, evaporation, condensation, and sublimation - and how kinetic theory
Physical, chemical changes & states of matter.pptJenny Dixon
Physical changes alter the shape or form of a substance but not its chemical composition. Chemical changes alter the molecular structure of a substance and create new substances. States of matter include solids, liquids, gases, and plasmas, which substances can transition between when temperature or other conditions change. A Bose-Einstein condensate is a state of matter that occurs when atoms are cooled to near absolute zero and behave as a single superatom.
A presentation that provides basic knowledge of the Kinetic Model of Matter. It sheds light on introductory concepts about the arrangement and motion of particles in each of the 3 states of matter. The presentation clearly and graphically explains the processes of changes in states of matter in a straightforward tone using simple language. A brief overview of the major gas laws is also given. Suggested for the IGCSE and O Level Physics and Chemistry lessons.
This document discusses the three common states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases. It explains their key properties including definite mass and varying volume and shape. The document then introduces the particle theory of matter, which states that all matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant motion. It describes how the motion and interaction of these particles determines whether a substance is a solid, liquid or gas, and how physical changes like melting, boiling and condensation occur as particles gain or lose energy.
Kinetic particle theory states that all matter is made up of tiny particles in constant, random motion. The rate of particle vibration determines the state of matter. As heat is added, particles vibrate faster and can change the state from solid to liquid to gas. The reverse processes of freezing and condensation occur as heat is removed and particles slow down. Changes of state are reversible phase transitions that occur at characteristic melting and boiling points as heat is absorbed or released during the transition.
The document discusses kinetic theory and temperature. It explains that kinetic theory states that all matter is made of particles that are constantly in motion. The movement of particles differs between solids, liquids, and gases. In solids, particles vibrate in place; in liquids, they slide and tumble; in gases, they are far apart and move quickly. Temperature relates to the average kinetic energy of particles - higher temperatures mean faster particle movement. Temperature is measured using a thermometer on different scales, including Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin.
This document discusses heat and light. It defines heat as the amount of thermal energy an object has, and temperature as how hot an object is. Heat is transferred through conduction, convection, and radiation. Some materials are good conductors while others are good insulators. Thermal energy can cause changes in state like melting or evaporation, as well as expansion. Light is a form of energy that travels in waves, and we see objects thanks to light. Objects can be transparent, translucent, or opaque in how they react to light. Light energy can be transformed into heat when its energy makes molecules vibrate faster.
The document discusses the classification and properties of matter. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space, and classifies matter as solids, liquids, or gases based on its physical properties. It explains that all matter is made of very tiny particles that are in continuous motion, and the properties of the three states depend on factors like the spaces between particles, the forces of attraction between them, and their movement. It also describes various changes of state that occur with changes in temperature or pressure, such as melting, boiling, condensation, and sublimation.
From NCERT CH-1
Contains info about-
-matter
-Evaporation
-Change of states of matter
-Boiling point and melting point
-Latent Heat of Fusion And Vaporisation
-Q and A
Matter is made up of particles, including atoms, molecules, and ions. Atoms are the smallest particles that make up elements. Matter exists in three states - solid, liquid, and gas - depending on how closely or loosely packed the particles are. In solids, particles vibrate in fixed positions; in liquids, they can move around but remain close together; and in gases, particles are far apart and move quickly in random directions. Phase changes between these states, such as melting, boiling, condensing, and sublimating, involve changes to the energy and movement of particles.
This document discusses the three main types of heat transfer: radiation, conduction, and convection. Convection involves the transfer of heat by the movement of fluids and gases. Heated particles in a fluid begin to flow and transfer heat as they move. Differences in temperature and density cause convection currents, where hotter, less dense fluid rises and cooler, denser fluid sinks, creating circular motion. Inside the Earth, convection currents in the mantle are driven by heating from the core, with plumes of hot mantle rock rising and cooler rock sinking back down in a continuous cycle.
This document discusses the three main types of heat transfer: radiation, conduction, and convection. Convection involves the transfer of heat by the movement of fluids and gases. Heated particles in a fluid begin to flow and transfer heat as they move. Differences in temperature and density cause convection currents, where hotter, less dense fluid rises and cooler, denser fluid sinks, creating circular motion. Inside the Earth, convection currents in the mantle are driven by heating from the core, with plumes of hot mantle rock rising and cooler rock sinking back down in a continuous cycle.
This document provides information and instructions for students to research different types of heat transfer as experts in small groups. It includes expert cards on conduction, convection, and radiation. Students will research their assigned type of heat transfer, then present their findings to their home group. They are instructed to plan scientific investigations on related topics, such as which materials conduct heat best/worst, provide best insulation, or absorb and reflect radiation differently. The goal is for students to learn about the different types of heat transfer and be able to teach others.
This document discusses the kinetic theory of matter and the states of solids, liquids, and gases. It explains that all matter is made of particles in constant motion and the arrangement and motion of the particles determines the properties of the substance. Solids have a fixed shape and volume, liquids have no fixed shape but fixed volume, and gases have no fixed shape or volume. Changes between states, such as melting and evaporation, occur when the particles gain enough kinetic energy to overcome attractive forces. Brownian motion provides evidence of particles in liquids and gases colliding. Absolute zero is the temperature where gases cannot be cooled further.
Heat is a form of energy that is transferred between objects by conduction, convection, or radiation. Conduction involves direct contact between objects as heat is transferred by molecular motion. Convection involves the transfer of heat by fluid motion, such as hot air rising. Radiation transfers heat through electromagnetic waves without contact between objects. Heat transfer continues from hotter to colder objects by these three methods until thermal equilibrium is reached.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
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Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
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Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
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Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
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2. Matter
• The particle model of a Gas
• A gas has no fixed shape or volume, but always
spreads out to fill any container.
• There are almost no forces of attraction between the
particles so they are completely free of each other. The
particles are widely spaced and scattered at random
throughout the container so there is no order in the
system. The particles move rapidly in all directions,
frequently colliding with each other and the side of
the container. With increase in temperature, the
particles move faster as they gain kinetic energy.
3. The particle of a liquid
• A liquid has a fixed volume at a given temperature but its
shape is that of the container which holds the liquid.
There are much greater forces of attraction between the
particles in a liquid compared to gases, but not quite as
much as in solids. Particles quite close together but still
arranged at random throughout the container, there is a
little close range order as you can get clumps of particles
clinging together temporarily. Particles moving rapidly in
all directions but more frequently collisions with each
other than in gases due to shorter distances between
particles. With increase in temperature, the particles
move faster as they gain kinetic energy, so increased
collision rates, increased collision energy and increased
rate of diffusion.
4. The particle model of a Solid
• A solid has a fixed volume and shape at a
particular temperature unless physically
subjected to some force. The greatest forces of
attraction are between the particles in a solid
and they pack together as tightly as possible in a
neat and ordered arrangement. The particles are
too strongly held together to allow movement
from place to place but the particles vibrate
about their position in the structure. With
increase in temperature, the particles vibrate
faster and more strongly as they gain kinetic
energy.
5. • In evaporation* and boiling the highest kinetic energy
molecules can ‘escape’ from the attractive forces of the
other liquid particles.
• The particles lose any order and become completely free
to form a gas or vapour.
• Energy is needed to overcome the attractive forces in the
liquid and is taken in from the surroundings.
• If the temperature is high enough boiling takes place.
• Boiling is rapid evaporation anywhere in the bulk liquid
and at a fixed temperature called the boiling point and
requires continuous addition of heat.
• The rate of boiling is limited by the rate of heat transfer into
the liquid.
6. • On cooling, gas particles lose kinetic energy
and eventually become attracted together to
form a liquid.
• There is an increase in order as the particles
are much closer together and can form
clumps of molecules.
– This is why steam has such a scalding effect, its
not just hot, but you get extra heat transfer to
your skin due to the exothermic condensation on
your surface!
7. • When a solid is heated the particles vibrate more
strongly as they gain kinetic energy and the particle
attractive forces are weakened.
• Eventually, at the melting point, the attractive forces
are too weak to hold the particles in the structure
together in an ordered way and so the solid melts.
• The particles become free to move around and lose
their ordered arrangement.
• Energy is needed to overcome the attractive forces
and give the particles increased kinetic energy of
vibration
8. • On cooling, liquid particles lose kinetic
energy and so can become more strongly
attracted to each other.
• Eventually at the freezing point the forces of
attraction are sufficient to remove any
remaining freedom and the particles come
together to form the ordered solid
arrangement.
9. Light
• Light is a form of energy produced by the change
in motion of a charged particle. Light does not
need a medium (solid, liquid or gas) in order to
travel. Electrons moving back and forth will cause
light. When the electrons inside of an atom
absorb energy they jump to a different energy
level. When these electrons fall back down to
their original energy level they give off a little
packet of energy in the form of light. This packet
of light energy is called a photon. Light can either
travel as a wave or as a particle.
10. • Some objects produce their own light will other
objects reflect light. These sources of light are
called laminated objects. Sources of light include:
the sun, a light bulb, a match and a candle.
Bioluminescent organisms are living things that
can produce their own light. A firefly is an
example of a bioluminescent organism. Objects
that reflect certain amounts of light are called
illuminated objects. Objects that reflect light
include: a mirror, the moon and a piece of paper.
11. • What is so amazing about light is the speed at
which it travels. Light travels 186,000miles per
second or 299,798 kilometers per second. That
means light can travel a distance of 186,000 miles
in one second! It takes eight minutes for light
from the sun to reach earth. This is why you hear
lightening before you see thunder. Lightening and
thunder happen at the same time, yet light
travels faster than sound so you see the
lightening then a few seconds later you hear the
thunder.
12. • When you wake up in the morning and look at yourself
in there mirror you are seeing a reflection of yourself.
You see your self by the light waves bouncing off of the
mirror. Reflection is the bouncing back of a wave. As
we see in the diagram to the left. Light waves hit a
smooth surface and bounce off with the same angle in
which they hit the surface. This is the Law of Reflection:
the angle of incidence is equal to the angel of
reflection. Since both angles are equal the image
appears to be the same. This will happen when we
reflect light off of a flat smooth surface.
13. • What happens when the surface is not
smooth? When light bounces off of a rough
surface diffuse reflection is seen. Objects
appear blurred, like the reflection of the
setting sun on the water. We do not get a clear
picture of the sun as we would if the light was
being reflected off of a mirror.
14. • Surfaces can also be curved. A satellite dish is
a perfect example of a concave surface. The
dish is curved inward as to direct all of the
light waves in toward the center receiver and
then through a cable into your house.
15. • A security mirror is curved outward (convex
surface) as to see the entire store. If you go
into 7-11 you will see a curved mirror in the
corner. This mirror is designed to spread out
the light waves so the clerk can see everything
going on in the store.
16. • White light contains all colors of the spectrum.
The image of the prism to the left shows white
light entering. The light waves change speed
and direction as they pass through the prism.
Each of the different colors of light then
become separated.
17. • The colors we see are just reflections of light
off of objects. If an object reflects all
wavelengths of light then it will appear white.
If an object absorbs all wavelengths of light it
will appear black. An object is the color of
light it reflects. All other wavelengths of light
are absorbed.
18. •
For example, a red object reflects red light and
absorbs orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo
and violet. A green object reflects green light
and absorbs red, orange, yellow, blue, indigo
and violet.
19. Heat and temperature
• Temperature is a measure of heat energy.
Temperature is measured in degrees Celsius
(Centigrade), Fahrenheit, or Kelvin.
Some high temperatures:
Boiling water at sea level = 100 degrees
Celsius;
Molten lava = 2,000 Kelvin;
Tungsten filament of a light bulb = 4,000
Kelvin;
20. • Silver melts at 962 degrees Celsius and boils at
2,210 degrees Celsius; Gold melts at 1,064
degrees Celsius and boils at 2,900 degrees
Celsius
21. • Some warm-blooded animals hibernate during
cold weather and their body temperature falls
to conserve energy. The normal temperature
of a hibernating dormouse falls from 98.6
degrees Fahrenheit to 64 degrees; The normal
temperature of an opossum falls from 95
degrees Fahrenheit to 50.9 degrees
22. • Cold-blooded animals lack internal
temperature controls so they bask in the sun
to keep warm and then hide in the shade to
keep cool. They are most active when their
body temperatures are greater than 90
degrees Fahrenheit. The salamander is cold-
blooded and can survive in temperatures of
42.4 through 79.7 degrees Fahrenheit.
23. • Does hot water freeze faster than cold water?
No, it does not. However, boiled water has
less dissolved air and fewer air bubbles; for
this reason water that has been boiled might
freeze faster and will form ice that is more
dense.
24. • Heat is a form of energy. There are several
physical effects of heat including: 1. Changing
the temperature of a substance; 2. Changing
the state of a substance (as from solid to
liquid); 3. Causing expansion of the substance
25. • Heat is transferred from a substance at a
higher temperature to one at a lower
temperature by conduction, convection, or
radiation. Conduction occurs mainly in solids;
convection occurs in fluids, and radiation
occurs through space, Radiation occurs
without the need for any substance to transfer
the heat.
26. Magnets
• A magnet is an object or material that attracts
certain metals, such as iron, nickel and cobalt.
It can also attract or repel another magnet. All
magnets have North-seeking (N) and South-
seeking (S) poles. When magnets are placed
near each other, opposite poles attract and
like poles repel each other. Various electrical
devices make use of magnets.
27. • Types of magnets
• There are permanent magnets, temporary
magnets and electromagnets.
• Permanent magnets
• A permanent magnet is one that will hold its
magnetic properties over a long period of
time.
28. Temporary magnets
• A temporary magnet is one that will lose its
magnetism. For example, soft iron can be
made into a temporary magnet, but it will lose
its magnetic power in a short while.
29. Electromagnet
• By wrapping a wire around an iron or steel
core and running an electrical current through
the wire, you can magnetize the metal and
make an electromagnet. If the core is soft
iron, the magnetism will diminish as soon as
the current is turned off. This feature makes
electromagnets good for picking up and
dropping objects. Typically DC electricity is
used, but AC current will also result in an
electromagnet.
30. • Properties of magnets
• Magnets always have two poles, come in various
shapes, and attract or repel other magnets.
• Names of poles
• All magnets have a North-seeking pole (N) and South-
seeking pole (S). In a compass, the side marked (N) will
point toward the Earth's North magnetic pole. Thus, it
is called the "North-seeking pole." Also note that the
Earth's North magnetic pole is not the same thing as
the North Pole. They are actually several hundred miles
apart.
31. • The magnet can be made into various shapes.
The bar magnet is the most common
configuration.
• Bar magnet
• Magnets also can be square, spherical, shaped
like a horseshoe, and even shaped like a
donut.
32. • Horseshoe magnet
• If you put an iron plate across the N and S poles
of a horseshoe magnet, that would essentially
"short circuit" the effect of the magnetism, such
that its strength would not be very great. As soon
as the plate was removed, the magnet would
regain its full strength. That method is sometimes
used in magnets that are temporary to help keep
their magnetic properties for a longer time.
33. • An interesting characteristic of magnets is that
when you cut a magnet into parts, each part
will have both N and S poles.
• Bar magnet cut into three parts
• Attraction and repulsion
• Magnets strongly attract iron, nickel and
cobalt, as well as combinations or alloys of
these metals.
34. • Also, unlike poles of two magnets will attract, but like
poles will repel. Thus, N and S attract, while S and S will
repel each other.
• Creating a magnet
• You can magnetize a piece of steel by rubbing a magnet
in one direction along the steel. This lines up the many
of the domains or sections of aligned atoms in the
steel, such that it acts like a magnet. The steel often
won't remain magnetized for a very long time, while
the true magnet is "permanently" magnetized and
retains its strength for a long time.
35. • If you use soft iron or steel, such as a paper clip, it will lose
its magnetism quickly. Also, you can disorient the atoms in
a magnetized needle by heating it or by dropping the
needle on a hard object.
• Compass
• The first true application of a magnet was the compass,
which not only helps in navigation by pointing toward the
North magnetic pole, but it is also useful in detecting small
magnetic fields. A compass is simply a thin magnet or
magnetized iron needle balanced on a pivot. The needle
will rotate to point toward the opposite pole of a magnet. It
can be very sensitive to small magnetic fields.
36. • Other uses
• Magnets are found in loudspeakers, electrical
motors and electrical generators.
• A very common application of magnets is to stick
things to the refrigerator. Since the outer shell of
most refrigerators is made of steel, a magnet will
readily stick to it. The type of magnets used often
consists of a thin sheet of a magnetic material.
• As a novelty, magnetic disks can be stacked on a
pencil to show magnetic levitation.
37. • Summary for magnets
• A magnet attracts iron, nickel, cobalt and
combinations of those metals. All magnets
have North-seeking (N) and South-seeking (S)
poles. When magnets are placed near each
other, opposite poles attract and similar poles
repel each other. Magnets are found in many
of our electrical appliances.