R5232, RS422, 20mA Current Loop and 1EE488 are typical standard interfaces used in communication. Compare and describe these protocols. Solution RS-232 is the most common serial interface and ships as a standard component on most Windows-compatible desktop computers. RS-232 only allows for one transmitter and one receiver on each line. RS-232 also uses a Full-Duplex transmission method. Some RS-232 boards sold by National Instruments support baud rates up to 1 Mbit/s, but most devices are limited to 115.2 kbits/s. Note that RS-422/RS-485 interface is not available on most IBM PCs. RS-422 (EIA RS-422-A Standard) is the serial connection used on Apple computers. It provides a mechanism for transmitting data up to 10 Mbits/s. RS-422 sends each signal using two wires to increase the maximum baud rate and cable length. RS-422 is also specified for multi-drop applications where only one transmitter is connected to, and transmits on, a bus of up to 10 receivers. 20 mA Current loop: The current loop interface for serial data communications is used in a number of applications. As the name implies, the current loop serial data communications scheme uses the level of current instead of voltage to provide the signalling method. Often the scheme is called a 20mA current loop interface in view of the standard level of current that is often used. Line losses are not usually significant, Can be used for long distances, Can be isolated from ground, Provided a simple form of networking IEEE488 or GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus) : GPIB is a standardized communications bus consisting of 16 signal lines (wires) used to operate up to 15 instruments simultaneously via a parallel connection. It Can be used to control up to 15 instruments simultaneously from one control device (PC). But, It is only good over short distances 60 ft and requires the purchase of extensive hardware to setup and extend operating range. Highly susceptible to noise over long distances. .