Abstract
The cost of poor Quality would help in analyzing the operating costs for effective and profitable business management. . In the era of cut throat competition, especially in automobile sector, success of an organisation resides in its ability to respond quickly to the needs of its customers. These customer needs must be attended with minimum manufacturing costs, minimum lead time to launch the product in market and delivering better performance than the existing competitors in the market.success achieved by market leaders is credited to their improvement initiatives. The customer needs must be attended with minimum manufacturing costs, and delivering better performance than the existing competitors in the market. Therefore, Indian companies in order to compete with global companies, it is very much essential to be at par, in all spheres of business aspects. Cost and Quality are two very important aspects to be globally competitive, to capture market share, to retain customers to be in business and to achieve business excellence. In the present times Six Sigma Methodology and QC Story are very famous and powerful tools and are widely used in the global industries. The increase in demand of the growing customer looking for a better quality of product has compelled corporations to adopt Six Sigma in order to improve the quality for enhanced competitive advantage. Therefore, it is very much essential to understand relation between six sigma and cost of quality and its application in automobile industry.
Keywords: Six Sigma, DMADV, DMAIC, Quality improvement
Need of Lean & Six Sigma to Achieve Business Excellence in SMEspaperpublications3
Abstract: Lean & Six Sigma (LSS) have become frequently used words in any forum related to Quality, Productivity & Waste elimination in order to meet the customer requirements in terms of Quality, Delivery & Cost (QDC). LSS initiatives play a major role in any operational situation, Since the OEMs enjoyed the benefits of LSS initiatives, and they demand the same from their suppliers (Tier 1-3). Moreover National and International competitiveness, High Quality expectation to the level of Zero Defect, Just-in-Time & Cost Competitiveness demand the Small & Medium Suppliers to practice and demonstrate their Operational Excellency to get sustained business with their Customers on a long term basis. LSS plays a vital role in equipping Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to get their edge, provided, it is practiced and implemented strategically.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Enhancement of the performance of an industry by the application of tqm conceptseSAT Journals
Abstract Nowadays many companies are unable to prove their performance, because they do not practice the TQM concepts in- total. In order to increase the awareness, certain TQM techniques are suggested to enhance overall performance of the organisations. Here an effort is made to apply two important basic concepts of TQM which are i)continuous improvement of production process by applying newer and innovative methods ii)establishing performance measures for the processes .This paper uses the real experimental results of cartons making industry which comprises the four machines such as Printing , Punching , Gluer and Lamination machines. We get all the machines input and output details, and then made certain suggestions based on the input values of all the four machines. Presently the four machines output values such as Availability, Performance, Quality and Overall Equipment Effectiveness are very low compared with the world class industry. In order to increase them it is suggested to reduce the downtime and other non-productive time by adopting certain simple TQM techniques. The new improved values found to be much higher than the existing values. Keywords: Total Quality Management, Availability, Performance, Quality, Overall Equipment Effectiveness, Quality Improvement.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Need of Lean & Six Sigma to Achieve Business Excellence in SMEspaperpublications3
Abstract: Lean & Six Sigma (LSS) have become frequently used words in any forum related to Quality, Productivity & Waste elimination in order to meet the customer requirements in terms of Quality, Delivery & Cost (QDC). LSS initiatives play a major role in any operational situation, Since the OEMs enjoyed the benefits of LSS initiatives, and they demand the same from their suppliers (Tier 1-3). Moreover National and International competitiveness, High Quality expectation to the level of Zero Defect, Just-in-Time & Cost Competitiveness demand the Small & Medium Suppliers to practice and demonstrate their Operational Excellency to get sustained business with their Customers on a long term basis. LSS plays a vital role in equipping Small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to get their edge, provided, it is practiced and implemented strategically.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Enhancement of the performance of an industry by the application of tqm conceptseSAT Journals
Abstract Nowadays many companies are unable to prove their performance, because they do not practice the TQM concepts in- total. In order to increase the awareness, certain TQM techniques are suggested to enhance overall performance of the organisations. Here an effort is made to apply two important basic concepts of TQM which are i)continuous improvement of production process by applying newer and innovative methods ii)establishing performance measures for the processes .This paper uses the real experimental results of cartons making industry which comprises the four machines such as Printing , Punching , Gluer and Lamination machines. We get all the machines input and output details, and then made certain suggestions based on the input values of all the four machines. Presently the four machines output values such as Availability, Performance, Quality and Overall Equipment Effectiveness are very low compared with the world class industry. In order to increase them it is suggested to reduce the downtime and other non-productive time by adopting certain simple TQM techniques. The new improved values found to be much higher than the existing values. Keywords: Total Quality Management, Availability, Performance, Quality, Overall Equipment Effectiveness, Quality Improvement.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Applicability and results of lean six sigma implementation in various industries like automotives, continuous process plants, manufacturing, engineering parts, textiles, Information technology, telecom and R&D to name a few. Also deals with the advantage levered by a six sigma trained student or professional.
Project Report
On
PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT THROUGH TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements
For the award of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
By
ABHINANDAN KUMAR
Under the guidance of
Prof. KAPIL DEV PRASAD
Department of Production Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MESRA, RACHI
2014
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Six Sigma Deployement Plan: A Case StudyAyat A. Saleh
The purpose of this case study is to present a Six Sigma Deployment Plan in a company. This case study was submitted as a part of the 'Quality, Reliability and Maintenance' course in the University of Warwick, United Kingdom, 2015. For more information, you can check this blog post: https://ayatsaleh.com/2017/01/15/six-sigma-journey/
SSCG Insight: Agile Automotive Quality Governance and OversightEugene Nizeyimana
Agile approach is changing the way companies manage quality. When becomes a company’s standard delivery methodology, it invigorate the way quality delivery, assurance and oversight is managed. This requires a significant shift in practices and behaviours that affect all parts of both the business and quality function. When well executed, Agile Quality Delivery will minimise quality risks, realise expected benefits, improve value delivery and cross functional collaborative management.
The owners before selecting the Real Time GPS Tracking devices must check in detail about the available facilities in the devices, like about the recording facilities. It is very important for the owners to have recording capability. They need all the records and readings of their vehicles for effective business strategy.
Applicability and results of lean six sigma implementation in various industries like automotives, continuous process plants, manufacturing, engineering parts, textiles, Information technology, telecom and R&D to name a few. Also deals with the advantage levered by a six sigma trained student or professional.
Project Report
On
PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT THROUGH TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Submitted in partial fulfilment of requirements
For the award of the Degree of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
By
ABHINANDAN KUMAR
Under the guidance of
Prof. KAPIL DEV PRASAD
Department of Production Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MESRA, RACHI
2014
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Six Sigma Deployement Plan: A Case StudyAyat A. Saleh
The purpose of this case study is to present a Six Sigma Deployment Plan in a company. This case study was submitted as a part of the 'Quality, Reliability and Maintenance' course in the University of Warwick, United Kingdom, 2015. For more information, you can check this blog post: https://ayatsaleh.com/2017/01/15/six-sigma-journey/
SSCG Insight: Agile Automotive Quality Governance and OversightEugene Nizeyimana
Agile approach is changing the way companies manage quality. When becomes a company’s standard delivery methodology, it invigorate the way quality delivery, assurance and oversight is managed. This requires a significant shift in practices and behaviours that affect all parts of both the business and quality function. When well executed, Agile Quality Delivery will minimise quality risks, realise expected benefits, improve value delivery and cross functional collaborative management.
The owners before selecting the Real Time GPS Tracking devices must check in detail about the available facilities in the devices, like about the recording facilities. It is very important for the owners to have recording capability. They need all the records and readings of their vehicles for effective business strategy.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Six Sigma Methodologies and its Application in Manufacturing FirmsDr. Amarjeet Singh
Six Sigma is a methodology for process improvement as well as a statistical concept that looks for to determine the variation intrinsic in any process. Six Sigma represents process, that is having 3.4 defects per million opportunities. i.e. 99.99966 % of the products from a Six Sigma process are perfect. Firms can impact their sigma level by combining main principles from the Six Sigma methodology into leadership styles, process management, and improvement activities. Main principle of the technique is a focus on the customer. There are many challenges in the implementation of Six Sigma. A well-run manufacturing team can make the entire firm more successful through cost-saving measures, increased quality and a larger inventory of products that the company can market. The Six Sigma objective is to make sure the process has minimum defects(3.4 defects per million chances). Every aspect of the process must be carefully planned and documented in detail in order for manufacturing to go efficiently. The main aspect of Six Sigma for enhancement in the manufacturing industry is to maximize the financial returns.
B.pharm 7th sem Six Sigma ppt.
Six Sigma concept, objectives, methodologies, differences, implementation, roles, application, hurdles, advantages and disadvantages. of the Six Sigma concept.
It has a great impact on industries to achieve profit. Improve business processes and reduce defects.
In the early and mid-1980s, Motorola engineers decided that the traditional quality levels — measuring defects in thousands of opportunities – didn’t provide enough granularity. Instead, they wanted to measure the defects per million opportunities. Motorola developed this new standard and made a cultural change associated with it. Six Sigma helped Motorola realize powerful bottom-line results in their organization – in fact, they documented more than $16 Billion in savings as a result of our Six Sigma efforts.
Six Sigma has evolved over time. It’s more than just a quality system like TQM or ISO. It’s a way of doing business.
Six Sigma at many organizations simply means a measure of quality that strives for near perfection. Six Sigma is a disciplined, data-driven approach and methodology for eliminating defects (driving toward six standard deviations between the mean and the nearest specification limit) in any process – from manufacturing to transactional and from product to service. A Six Sigma defect is defined as anything outside of customer specifications.
A Six Sigma opportunity is then the total quantity of chances for a defect.
Impact on integration of Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma in various applicat...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Lean Manufacturing is a concept of improving the speed and efficiency of an organization by
eliminating waste. On the other hand Six Sigma is a continuous improvement plan that is proposed to reduce
variability. This paper presents the concept of integrating Lean manufacturing and six sigma, and the approach
how the two concepts are merged in industries to increase the product through put and to improve the quality of
the product by reducing the process variability. An approach to L6σ is also reviewed along with its Application.
Keywords - Lean Manufacturing, Six Sigma, L6
Six Sigma (6σ) is a set of techniques and tools for process improvement.
It was introduced by Bill Smith at Motorola in 1986.
It seeks to improve the quality of the output of a process by identifying and removing the causes of defects and minimizing variability in manufacturing and business processes.
Similar to Redesign and manufacturing by using dmadv method (20)
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
-
Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
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Redesign and manufacturing by using dmadv method
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 144
REDESIGN AND MANUFACTURING BY USING DMADV METHOD
Devendra G. Pendokhare1
, Taqui Quazi2
, Prasad S. Kulkarni3
1
PG Student, Mechanical Engineering Department, SCOE, Kharghar, Mumbai University, Maharashtra, India
2
HOD, Automobile Engineering Department, Saraswati college of engineering, kharghar, New Mumbai,
Maharashtra, India
3
Lecturer, Mechanical Engineering Department, Government Polytechnic, Vikramgad, MSBTE, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
The cost of poor Quality would help in analyzing the operating costs for effective and profitable business management. . In the era
of cut throat competition, especially in automobile sector, success of an organisation resides in its ability to respond quickly to the
needs of its customers. These customer needs must be attended with minimum manufacturing costs, minimum lead time to launch
the product in market and delivering better performance than the existing competitors in the market.success achieved by market
leaders is credited to their improvement initiatives. The customer needs must be attended with minimum manufacturing costs, and
delivering better performance than the existing competitors in the market. Therefore, Indian companies in order to compete with
global companies, it is very much essential to be at par, in all spheres of business aspects. Cost and Quality are two very
important aspects to be globally competitive, to capture market share, to retain customers to be in business and to achieve
business excellence. In the present times Six Sigma Methodology and QC Story are very famous and powerful tools and are widely
used in the global industries. The increase in demand of the growing customer looking for a better quality of product has
compelled corporations to adopt Six Sigma in order to improve the quality for enhanced competitive advantage. Therefore, it is
very much essential to understand relation between six sigma and cost of quality and its application in automobile industry.
Keywords: Six Sigma, DMADV, DMAIC, Quality improvement
--------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
Six sigma defines as a statistical concept that measures
process in terms of defects. He goes further to argue that
when used in business, it indicates defects in the outputs of a
process and helps one to understand how far the processes
deviate from perfection. it as a business strategy that seeks
to identify and eliminate causes of errors or defects or
failures in business processes by focusing on outputs that are
critical to customers. On the other hand defines it as a data
driven structured problem solving methodology for solving
chronic issues facing a business, and a breakthrough
business management process that is used to improve a
company’s performance by variation reduction.
Indian Automobile Industry has already started using Six
Sigma Methodology for vehicle design and process
improvement to survive in the global competition. It is very
important to study and investigate how Six Sigma
Methodology is employed in Indian Automobile Industry for
designing the product or for Process Improvement and
importance of Six Sigma Methodology to reduce Cost of
Quality. This motivates to take up research on this topic. In
the era of cut throat competition, success achieved by market
leaders is credited to their improvement initiatives. A
common element within many of these successful
companies is the use of powerful cost of poor quality
concepts in connecting improvement priorities to strategic
objectives, assessing the financial impact of poor quality,
understanding the root causes of poor quality, selecting high
payback improvement projects and managing the
Improvement initiative to simultaneously deliver improved
financial performance and greater customer satisfaction.
The customer needs must be attended with minimum
manufacturing costs, minimum lead time to launch the
product in market and delivering better performance than the
existing competitors in the market. Therefore Indian
companies in order to compete with global companies, it is
very much essential to be at par, in all spheres of business
aspects. Cost and Quality are two very important aspects to
be globally competitive, to capture market share, to retain
customers to be in business and to achieve business
excellence. Six Sigma is the powerful methodology to drive
improvement initiatives and reduce cost of quality.
Organizations choose to implement Six Sigma for numerous
reasons. Reasons for implementing Six Sigma can vary from
one organization to another, however, the list below present
the most common reasons for organizations to implement
Six Sigma to resolve issues facing the organization:
• Cost reduction
• Cycle time reduction
• Error and waste reduction
• Increase competitive advantage
• Improve customer satisfaction
• Increase shareholder value
• Change company culture
2. OBJECTIVES
To study Six Sigma methodology extensively for both
improvement of existing process and design for Six
Sigma.
To Study how Six Sigma methodology helps in
reduction of cost of poor quality.
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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To understand how Six Sigma methodology supports
Knowledge Management.
To understand the synergic effect of the combination
of two powerful methods Lean and Six Sigma and its
positive impact in increasing speed and effectiveness
of any process within the organization.
To study various applications and benefits of
implementing Six Sigma.
3. METHODOLOGY
Six Sigma is a management strategy that maximizes
customer satisfaction and minimizes the defects that create
customer dissatisfaction. Six sigma methodologies can be
used for improvement of process (called DMAIC) and also
is a powerful tool for new product design or improvement in
the existing product design (called DMADV). The five step
DMAIC approach of Six Sigma reduces the defects in
process, product or service. Flow charts, Pareto analysis,
Cause & Effect diagrams are the most frequently used basic
analysis and measurement tools by Six Sigma
implementation teams. Investigation as regards application
of Six Sigma methodology for process improvement in
Indian automobile industry is done and complete framework
is prepared and illustrated.
Fig-1: Six Sigma Methodology
The Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze,
Improve, and Control) is an improvement system for
existing processes for incremental improvement.
The Six Sigma DMADV (Define, Measure,
Analyze, Design, and Verify) is an improvement
system used to develop new processes or products.
4. DMADV
Fig-2: Road map for DMADV
Define the project goals and customer (internal and
external) deliverables
Measure and determine customer needs and
specifications
Analyze the process options to meet the customer
needs
Design (detailed) the process to meet the customer
needs
Verify the design performance and ability to meet
customer needs
4.1 Define Problem or Opportunity
Problem is identified from voice of customer or from voice
of process. Voice of customer could be customer complaint
for performance / defect, field failure, critical customer
issues, etc. Voice of business could be internal defects, re-
work, internal rejections, internal quality issues, other
business issues etc. Define the goals of the new process.
Identify exactly what is being designed or changed. Why is
the change being made? Using the Quality Function
Deployment (QFD) or Analytic Hierarchical Process tools to
insure that the goals are compatible with consumer demand
and the company’s overall strategy.
Organizations may use right from 7 QC tools, Quality
Circles, Kizens, Small Group Activities to the modest tools
like Six Sigma Methodology or QC Story Approach for
problem solving depending upon the nature and complexity
of the problem. Where problem is chronic in nature and
problem is known, however, reasons are not known,
everything seems to be right, however, defects are getting
generated, and such complex problems are solved using Six
Sigma Methodology.
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Table-1: six sigma methodology for product design (DMADV)
Define Opportunity Measure
Performance
Analyze Opportunity Design New Product Verify Product Design
Road map
define phase
Sources of
capturing
voice of
customer
Rules of
visiting
customers
KJ / Affinity
diagram
Road map
measure
phase
Quality
function
deployment
(QFD)
Advantages
of QFD
Road map for
analyze phase
Methods for critical
to Quality (CTQ)
Methods for
concept selection
TRIZ- theory of
inventive problem
solving
Pugh matrix for
concept selection
Road map for design
phase
Failure mode and
effect analysis
Robust design
Taguchi quality loss
function
Signal to noise
ration.
Tolerance analysis
Road map for verify
phase
Reliability
Design evaluation
Design verification
tools
Design review inputs
Transfer to production
Pilot production plan
Design Validation
Summary of Define Phase is as follows
Identify the projects which are linked to big Y.
Select the team which is ready to contribute.
Prepare team charter and get it approved.
Train team members.
Map the process
Carry out value analysis.
Walkthrough process.
Analyze the past data from various view points.
Identify quick wins and implement.
Record results of quick wins.
4.2 Measurement Phase
In this phase data is gathered and analyzed that describes
with precision and accuracy. What is happening? What is
current or baseline, level of performance of the process that
creates the problem? It also produces some preliminary
ideas of possible causes for problem. Identify the
measurement standards that are important to stakeholders.
Convert customer needs into project objectives.
The goals of the measure phase are as follow
Identify customers and their needs
Derive specific requirements to the system
Determine the corresponding output measures and
their target values and tolerances.
The significant improvement could be accomplished by:
Reduction of cycle time,
Reduction of control time,
Reduction of tool costs, and
Minimizing or eliminating scrap.
4.3 Analyze Phase
The analysis phase deals with identifying the critical factors
embedded in the current operation that could be improved to
minimize waste. Prior to starting this phase, the project
champion reviewed the collected data to filter out any type
of noise and disturbance. Data mining is then used to
identify main types of wastes for each machine to perform
the corrective actions. Develop design alternatives, identify
the best combination of requirements to provide value
within constraints, develop conceptual designs, evaluate,
select the best components and develop the best available
design. Analyse the alternatives available for meeting
project aims. Identify the behaviour of comparable best-in-
class designs.At this stage it is important not to miss out any
possible cause. If an important X is missed out, it will never
be analyzed for validation.
The tools used for listing Xs are:
Brainstorming
Process map
Cause effect diagram
Why-Why analysis
Prioritize Xs - After the Xs have been listed using process
map or cause effect diagram, these need to be prioritized.
The tools used to prioritize Xs are as follow
Cause- Effect Matrix
Pareto analysis
Pugh Matrix
Validate Xs - There are three steps to validate Xs. They are
as follow.
Scatter Plot
Tolerance stack up analysis
Design failure made & effects analysis
4.4 Design New Product
This stage of DMADV includes both a detailed and high
level design for the selected alternative. The elements of the
design are prioritized and from there a high level design is
developed. Once this step is complete, a more detailed
model will be prototyped in order to identify where errors
may occur and to make necessary modifications. Develop a
high level design, Develop exact specifications, Develop
detailed component designs, Develop related processes,
Optimize design. Design the new product, service, or
process. Utilize prognostic modelling, simulation,
prototypes, pilot trials, and other techniques in order to
confirm the design’s ability to meet the established aims of
the project.
4. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Fig-3: Key Steps Involved in Design Phase
4.4.1 Signal to Noise Ratio
The signals to noise ratio combines, in a single measure, information on both the average level and the spread of a variable. The
goal is to always maximize S/N ratio. The types of signal to noise ratios are
Lower is better ratio- applies to variables where lower value is preferable.
Higher is better ratio- applies to variables where a higher value is preferable.
Nominal is best ratio- applies to variables where deviations from a target value are undesirable
4.4.2 Tolerance Analysis
Tolerance analysis (TA) is the process of taking known tolerances and analyzing the combination of these tolerances at an
assembly level.
Fig-4: Tolerance Analysis
4.5 Verify Product Design
In the final phase, the team validates that the design is acceptable to all stakeholders. Will the design be effective in the real
world? Several pilot and production runs will be necessary to ensure that the quality is the highest possible. Here, expectations
will be confirmed, deployment will be expanded and all lessons learned will be documented. The Verify step also includes a plan
to transition the product or service to a routine operation and to ensure that this change is sustainable. Verify the efficiency of the
new product or process in a real world situation.
Fig-5: Steps involved in verify phase
4.5.1 Design Verification
It involves checking inputs/outputs at each stage as per
Design Verification Plan. It includes-
Calculation Checks
Peer review
Proto test
Lab trials
Simulations
Benchmarking with existing designs available in the
market
4.5.2 Design Reviews
Cross functional review to conform if design team has not
missed out on any key items such as
Customer needs
Manufacturability or assembly issues
Serviceability issues
Inspectability issues
5. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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4.5.3 Transfer to Production
The implementation and the handover to the process owner
occur after the successful piloting.
4.5.4 Pilot Production Plan
Steps involved in pilot production are as follow
Prepare pilot production plan
Carry out the pilot production.
Analyze the results
Carry out optimization.
Most important tools used are as follow
PDCA cycle
Project Management tools (Gantt chart, Network
plan)
Change management tools (Communication plan,
stake holder analysis)
Documentation
SOP s
KPI systems
Control Charts
Process flow diagrams.
4.5.5 Design Validation
The objectives of design validation are
To validate the design actually works in the real
operating environment
May be part of initial design verification plan
document or may be developed separately
If multiple applications are foreseen for new
product, plan to cover all possible
applications/environments in which the product is
likely to be used.
6. FUTURE SCOPE OF WORK
Investigation as regards application of six sigma
methodology to Indian automobile industry for reducing
cost of quality is done for manufacturing processes.
However as stated above, Six Sigma Methodology is
industry independent and it is applicable to all business
process. Viz. Purchasing, marketing, financial marketing,
finance etc. Future work may be taken up as follows.
Application of six sigma for non manufacturing
processes in Indian automobile industry.
Application of six sigma to Indian engineering
industry viz. non automobile companies.
Application of six sigma in hospitality industry,
Application of six sigma in small scale industry.
7. CONCLUSION
In order for DMADV to be successful, the company will
need to understand the customer's needs and decide which
needs are being met and which needs should be improved
upon. Complete evaluations of the existing processes need
to be made in order to determine how you can satisfy your
customers while saving money.Six sigma is methodology
and a powerful quality improvement and design
improvement tool. Organizations that have adopted Six
Sigma indicate they have chosen it for several reasons.
Organizations indicated that they generally adopted the Six
Sigma technology in order to lower costs, increase time to
market, and improve both process and product and service
quality. In addition, they intended to institutionalize Six
Sigma as a company culture or state of mind. Organizations
implementing Six Sigma reveal product and service quality
improvement, cost reduction, and significant savings due to
Six Sigma projects focus on bottom line results. The success
of Six Sigma projects is also due to its results orientation,
data driven and ability to align the goals with objectives
across the organizations. It is used by Indian automobile
industry for supplier quality improvement. It helps in defect
reduction, process improvement, inventory reduction,
productivity improvement, reduction in customer
complaints, reduction in field returns, reduction in field
failures, reduction in warranty costs, and etc leading
reduction in Cost of Poor Quality. Lean is supportive to Six
sigma methodology & during the process walk through
value stream mapping is done to reduce waste (MUDA)
from the system.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
First of all, I would like to show my thanks and gratitude to
my project guide Prof. T. Z. Quazi for their time, effort and
guidance for the accomplishment of this project. To the
HOD, Prof. S. N. Teli, following my progress and correcting
my path the monitoring guidance and the advisor who was
always there. I also would like to express my thanks to the
Principal Dr. Manjush Deshmukh, for their contribution in
the paper work.
REFERENCES
[1] Garima Chaudhary, (2014), Six Sigma Concepts: a
Complete Revolution, International Journal of
Emerging Research in Management &Technology,
Volume-3, Issue-2, PP 82 – 86.
[2] peter mutua mutia, stephen morangi nyambegera,
(2014), six sigma approach for quality improvement
and its future in kenyan organizations: a research
agenda, International journal of science commerce
and humanities, Volume no 2 no 1, 125- 136.
[3] Vipin s. Patil, Sunil r. Andhale, izhak d. Paul, (2013),
A review of DFSS: methodology, implementation
and future research, International journal of
innovations in engineering and technology (ijiet),
Vol. 2, 369 to 375.
[4] Nurul fadly habidin, sha?ri mohd yusof, (2013),
Critical success factors of lean Six sigma for the
Malaysian Automotive industry, International journal
of lean six sigma, Vol. 4 no. 1, 60- 82.
[5] Nurul Fadly Habidin, Sha’ri Mohd Yusof, Che Mohd
Zulkifli Che Omar, Syed Ismail Syed Mohamad,
Sharul Effendy Janudin, Baharudin Omar, (2012),
Lean Six Sigma Initiative: Business Engineering
Practices and Performance in Malaysian Automotive
Industry, IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN)
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Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 149
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BIOGRAPHIES
Devendra Gajanan Pendokhare
currently pursuing Masters Degree
Program in Manufacturing System
from Saraswati college of engineering,
Kharghar, New Mumbai, Maharashtra,
India, also working as Lecturer in
Government Polytechnic, Vikramgad in Mechanical
Engineering Department. BE in Mechanical Engineering
from Nagpur University.
T. Z. Quazi currently working as
Associate Professor and Head of
Department at Saraswati College of
Engineering, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai. He
has over 16 years of experience in
teaching field. He has published various
research papers in national and international journals
P. S. Kulkarni currently working as
Lecturer at Government Polytechnic,
Vikramgad. He has 20 years of
experience in teaching field. Completed
ME in Manufacturing Technology from
thapar university Patiyala.