Recent trends in leasing
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This document discusses different types of leasing agreements. It defines leasing as a written contract where an asset owner grants exclusive use of the asset to a second party for a specified period in exchange for periodic rental payments. The main types of leases covered are financial leases, operating leases, sale-and-leaseback, leverage leases, and cross-border leases. Financial leases transfer ownership at the end of the lease term, while operating leases do not. Sale-and-leaseback involves selling an asset and leasing it back. Leverage leases involve a third-party lender. Cross-border leases involve parties in different countries. The document also notes challenges like unhealthy competition and need
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Hire purchase
The document discusses the concept of hire purchase, which is a mode of financing where goods are leased on hire with the option for the lessee to purchase them by paying installments. Key points include: hire purchase involves periodic installment payments, immediate possession of goods by the buyer but ownership remaining with the seller until final payment; features like being based on a written agreement and ownership transferring after final payment; and rights and obligations of both the hirer and hire vendor. Differences between leasing and hire purchase are also outlined.
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This document defines leasing and describes its key features and types. It begins with defining leasing as a written agreement where a property owner allows a tenant to use the property for a specified period in exchange for fixed installment payments. It then discusses the main features of leasing, including that it allows use of an asset without paying the full upfront cost. The document also outlines the main advantages and disadvantages of leasing. Finally, it describes the main types of leasing, including finance leases, operating leases, leveraged leases, sale and lease back, and direct leasing.
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Types of leasing by maninder singh
There are two main types of leasing arrangements: finance (or capital) leases and operating leases. A finance lease involves the lessee selecting an asset that the lessor purchases and the lessee pays rentals to use. The lessee typically has the option to purchase the asset at the end. An operating lease is a short-term rental of an asset where ownership remains with the lessor and maintenance is usually the lessee's responsibility. Hire purchase allows a buyer to obtain goods by paying in installments, with ownership transferring after the final payment. Key differences between leases and hire purchase include who owns the asset, who claims depreciation, duration, and responsibility for repairs.
Leasing and hire purchase
This document discusses leasing and hire purchase. It defines leasing as a contract where the owner of an asset grants another party exclusive use of the asset for an agreed period in exchange for rent payments. Hire purchase allows a party to take possession of a good by paying in installments, with ownership transferring after all payments are made. The document outlines the key features, types, advantages and disadvantages of both leasing and hire purchase agreements.
Leasing
The document discusses leasing as an alternative to owning assets. It defines key terms like lessor, lessee, operating lease and financial lease. An operating lease is short-term while a financial lease allows the lessee to purchase the asset at the end. Leasing provides benefits to both lessors and lessees like saving capital upfront, flexibility, tax benefits, and improved cash flows. Lease evaluation involves determining costs and returns for both parties.
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The document discusses the concept of hire purchase, which is a mode of financing where goods are leased on hire with the option for the lessee to purchase them by paying installments. Key points include: hire purchase involves periodic installment payments, immediate possession of goods by the buyer but ownership remaining with the seller until final payment; features like being based on a written agreement and ownership transferring after final payment; and rights and obligations of both the hirer and hire vendor. Differences between leasing and hire purchase are also outlined.
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This document defines leasing and describes its key features and types. It begins with defining leasing as a written agreement where a property owner allows a tenant to use the property for a specified period in exchange for fixed installment payments. It then discusses the main features of leasing, including that it allows use of an asset without paying the full upfront cost. The document also outlines the main advantages and disadvantages of leasing. Finally, it describes the main types of leasing, including finance leases, operating leases, leveraged leases, sale and lease back, and direct leasing.
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The document discusses various types of leases including financial leases, operating leases, sale and leaseback arrangements, and international leasing. It defines key lease terms and parties. It also outlines the regulatory framework for leases under contract law and discusses lease documentation and agreements.
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There are two main types of leasing arrangements: finance (or capital) leases and operating leases. A finance lease involves the lessee selecting an asset that the lessor purchases and the lessee pays rentals to use. The lessee typically has the option to purchase the asset at the end. An operating lease is a short-term rental of an asset where ownership remains with the lessor and maintenance is usually the lessee's responsibility. Hire purchase allows a buyer to obtain goods by paying in installments, with ownership transferring after the final payment. Key differences between leases and hire purchase include who owns the asset, who claims depreciation, duration, and responsibility for repairs.
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This document discusses leasing and hire purchase. It defines leasing as a contract where the owner of an asset grants another party exclusive use of the asset for an agreed period in exchange for rent payments. Hire purchase allows a party to take possession of a good by paying in installments, with ownership transferring after all payments are made. The document outlines the key features, types, advantages and disadvantages of both leasing and hire purchase agreements.
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The document discusses leasing as an alternative to owning assets. It defines key terms like lessor, lessee, operating lease and financial lease. An operating lease is short-term while a financial lease allows the lessee to purchase the asset at the end. Leasing provides benefits to both lessors and lessees like saving capital upfront, flexibility, tax benefits, and improved cash flows. Lease evaluation involves determining costs and returns for both parties.
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This document discusses securitization and housing finance in India. It begins by defining securitization as the process of liquidating illiquid long-term assets like loans and receivables by issuing marketable securities against them. It then outlines the key parties and stages involved in securitization. Some benefits of securitization include additional funding, profitability, and risk spreading. Housing finance and the role of the National Housing Bank in promoting affordable housing are also summarized. Securitization has grown the Indian debt market and housing finance sector.
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This document discusses lease financing and hire purchase. It defines lease financing as giving another person the right to use an asset for periodic payments, with ownership remaining with the lessor. It describes different types of leases, including financial leases, operating leases, and sale-leasebacks. The leasing process and advantages/disadvantages of leasing are also summarized. Hire purchase is defined as financing an asset purchase through installment payments, with ownership transferring after the final payment.
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This document provides an overview of leasing and lease financing. It defines what a lease is and discusses the key aspects of lease agreements such as rental payments, maintenance clauses, cancellation provisions, renewal and purchase options.
It distinguishes between operating leases and finance/capital leases. Operating leases are typically short-term while finance leases are longer-term and transfer most of the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee.
The document also covers the different methods of lease financing including sales-leasebacks, direct leases, and leveraged leases. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of lease financing for both lessees and lessors. Finally, it compares long-term debt versus leasing
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This document provides an overview of leasing. It discusses the history and meaning of leasing, including definitions from experts. It outlines the steps in a typical leasing process and describes various types of leases. The advantages to lessors include assured regular income, preservation of ownership, tax benefits, and high profitability. Advantages to lessees are use of capital goods, tax benefits, cheaper financing, and technical assistance. Disadvantages are also presented, such as inflation risk for lessors and compulsory payments even if the asset is not needed for lessees. In summary, the document defines leasing, outlines the leasing process, and discusses the pros and cons from the perspectives of both lessors and les
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This document defines leasing and summarizes the key elements of a lease agreement. It also classifies the main types of leases as follows:
1) Finance leases transfer substantially all risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. The lease payments cover the asset's cost and provide a return for the lessor.
2) Operating leases do not transfer all ownership risks and rewards. The lease period is shorter than the asset's life and rentals do not cover its full cost.
3) Sales and lease backs involve an owner selling an asset to a lessor and then leasing it back.
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This document provides an overview of leasing, including definitions, characteristics, types of leases, and the regulatory framework. It defines a lease as an agreement where the lessor conveys the right to use an asset to the lessee in return for rent. There are two main types of leases: financial leases, where the lessee assumes most of the risks and benefits of ownership, and operating leases, which are usually shorter term. The document also outlines the legal rights and obligations of lessors and lessees under contract law and discusses key components of lease agreements.
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This document discusses lease financing and hire purchase. It defines lease financing as giving another person the right to use an asset for periodic payments, with ownership remaining with the lessor. It describes different types of leases, including financial leases, operating leases, and sale-leasebacks. The leasing process and advantages/disadvantages of leasing are also summarized. Hire purchase is defined as financing an asset purchase through installment payments, with ownership transferring after the final payment.
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This document provides an overview of leasing and lease financing. It defines what a lease is and discusses the key aspects of lease agreements such as rental payments, maintenance clauses, cancellation provisions, renewal and purchase options.
It distinguishes between operating leases and finance/capital leases. Operating leases are typically short-term while finance leases are longer-term and transfer most of the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee.
The document also covers the different methods of lease financing including sales-leasebacks, direct leases, and leveraged leases. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of lease financing for both lessees and lessors. Finally, it compares long-term debt versus leasing
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This document provides an overview of the accounting and statutory requirements for banking companies in India. It discusses key provisions of the Banking Regulation Act of 1949 regarding minimum capital and reserves, restrictions on commissions and dividends, statutory reserves, cash reserves, restrictions on loans and advances, books of accounts, provisioning of non-performing assets, and preparation of final accounts using the prescribed formats in the Third Schedule of the Act. The document also outlines the various types of business activities permitted for banks and restrictions placed on certain activities.
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Standard Chartered Bank and Mahindra Finance use different sources of long-term and short-term finance. Standard Chartered Bank relies more on equity capital (58%) and internal accruals like reserves and surplus (24%). It uses less debentures (20%) and term loans (8%). In contrast, Mahindra Finance has lower equity capital (42%) but higher use of debentures (33%) and both long-term and short-term term loans (13%). While Standard Chartered Bank has less dependence on outside sources, Mahindra Finance relies more on external financing through debentures and loans.
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Lease Financing
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Direct leasing
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This document discusses credit ratings and the credit rating agencies in India. It provides information on:
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- The four major credit rating agencies in India: CRISIL, ICRA, CARE, and FITCH India
- The regulation of credit rating agencies by SEBI and the requirements for registration
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This document discusses leasing, which allows one party to use an asset owned by another party. There are two main types of leases: operating/service leases and financial/net leases. Operating leases provide maintenance services while financial leases do not. Leasing offers advantages over ownership like facilitating asset acquisition and improving financial position, but parties must consider tax and ownership implications.
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This document discusses leasing and different types of leases. It defines leasing as a method of financing where the lessor retains ownership of an asset while allowing the lessee to use it by paying rentals over time. There are two main types of leases: finance/capital leases where the lessee selects an asset and pays rentals to cover its full cost, and operating leases for assets used for less than their full economic life. Real estate leasing involves renting property through a rental agreement or lease. The document also outlines advantages like financing flexibility and tax benefits, and disadvantages such as inadequate protection for the lessee and higher interest costs compared to other financing modes.
Leasing–regulatory framework
This document discusses the regulatory framework and key elements of leasing agreements. It notes that a lease involves an owner (lessor) providing an asset to a user (lessee) for a set period of time in exchange for periodic rental payments. The lessor retains ownership of the asset during the lease term. There are two main types of leases: finance leases, which cover most or all of the asset's economic life and transfer ownership; and operating leases, which are shorter term and do not transfer all ownership risks/rewards to the lessee. Key parties, assets, terms, rentals, termination methods, and situations that define a finance lease are described.
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Hire Purchase System
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Advantages and Disadvantages of Hire Purchase
Contents of Hire Purchase agreement
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Bill discounting (1)
Bill discounting allows sellers to receive immediate payment from banks or non-bank financial companies by discounting bills of exchange they receive from buyers. The seller presents the bill of exchange along with supporting documents to the discounting entity and receives immediate payment at a discounted rate. This provides sellers with liquidity before the bill reaches maturity. Common types of bills include demand bills, usance bills, documentary bills, and clean bills. Discounters assess creditworthiness and only discount bills that are backed by genuine trade transactions to avoid fraudulent practices like kite flying.
Other Financial Services-Leasing and Hire Purchase; Debt Securitization; Hous...
This document discusses leasing and related financial concepts. It begins by defining leasing as an agreement between two parties, a leasing company and user, for the temporary possession and use of an asset for a specified period in exchange for rental payments. It then covers essential elements of leasing agreements, types of leasing, steps in leasing transactions, advantages and limitations of leasing, contents of lease agreements, and the structure of the leasing industry in India.
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Bought out deal
This document discusses bought out deals (BOD), where a company sells shares directly to sponsors or investors with an agreement to do an initial public offering later. In a BOD:
- A company sells shares to sponsors/investors at a negotiated price upfront in exchange for immediate funds.
- After a period of time, the sponsors offer the shares to the public at a premium to make a profit.
- BODs provide quick funding for companies and allow sponsors to potentially profit when shares are later listed on an exchange at higher prices. However, BODs also carry risks for sponsors if the company does not perform as expected.
Merchant bank underwriting
The document discusses the roles of merchant banks and underwriters in India. It begins by providing a brief history of merchant banking, noting it started in Italy and later spread to other European countries and the US. It then outlines some of the key functions of merchant banks, such as providing commercial banking services, long-term loans, and underwriting stocks. Next, it discusses the underwriting process, including different types of underwriting agreements and regulations around underwriting in India. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of underwriters and merchant banks in facilitating capital raising and protecting investor interests.
Financial services in india- DIPTANU SUTRADHAR
This document provides an overview of the evolution and types of financial services in India. It discusses how the sector has undergone liberalization since 1990, allowing private and foreign players to enter. The document defines financial services as services related to mobilizing and allocating savings. It outlines the evolution in three phases from 1960-2002, during which new institutions and instruments were established. The key characteristics of financial services are described, including their intangible nature and role in intermediating funds. The importance of financial services in channeling funds, debt management, and promoting savings is also highlighted. Finally, the document categorizes the main types of financial services in India into money markets, capital markets, retail markets, and wholesale markets.
Bills discouting
This document discusses bill discounting and the key parties and types of bills involved. It provides definitions and features of bill financing, where a method of financing trade activities involves discounting bills of exchange. The main parties to bills of financing are the drawer (seller), drawee (buyer), and payee. Common types of bills include demand bills, usance bills, documentary bills, and different delivery/payment terms. The document also compares bills discounting to factoring, noting differences in the services provided, acceptance and purchase of debts, types of financing agreements, and recovery of charges.
Leasing
This document provides an overview of leasing. It discusses the history and meaning of leasing, including definitions from experts. It outlines the steps in a typical leasing process and describes various types of leases. The advantages to lessors include assured regular income, preservation of ownership, tax benefits, and high profitability. Advantages to lessees are use of capital goods, tax benefits, cheaper financing, and technical assistance. Disadvantages are also presented, such as inflation risk for lessors and compulsory payments even if the asset is not needed for lessees. In summary, the document defines leasing, outlines the leasing process, and discusses the pros and cons from the perspectives of both lessors and les
Leasing
This document defines leasing and summarizes the key elements of a lease agreement. It also classifies the main types of leases as follows:
1) Finance leases transfer substantially all risks and rewards of ownership to the lessee. The lease payments cover the asset's cost and provide a return for the lessor.
2) Operating leases do not transfer all ownership risks and rewards. The lease period is shorter than the asset's life and rentals do not cover its full cost.
3) Sales and lease backs involve an owner selling an asset to a lessor and then leasing it back.
4) Direct leases are between the lessee and lessor, while tripart
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Ib&fs module 6
Leasing involves a lessor providing equipment or property to a lessee in exchange for periodic payments. There are several types of leases, including finance leases where ownership transfers to the lessee, and operating leases which are shorter term. Key elements of any lease include the parties, asset, lease term, and rental payments. The leasing process involves selecting an asset, signing a lease agreement, and the lessor acquiring the asset for the lessee. Leasing provides advantages to both lessors and lessees such as tax benefits and avoiding large upfront costs.
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This document provides an overview of leasing, including definitions, characteristics, types of leases, and the regulatory framework. It defines a lease as an agreement where the lessor conveys the right to use an asset to the lessee in return for rent. There are two main types of leases: financial leases, where the lessee assumes most of the risks and benefits of ownership, and operating leases, which are usually shorter term. The document also outlines the legal rights and obligations of lessors and lessees under contract law and discusses key components of lease agreements.
Leasing and hire purchase are both financial arrangements.
Leasing and hire purchase are both financial arrangements for acquiring assets. Leasing involves renting an asset for a specified period, while hire purchase allows the buyer to use the asset during the payment period with ownership transferring after the final installment.
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This document discusses lease financing as a financial service. It defines leasing as an arrangement between a lessor and lessee where the lessor owns an asset but grants the lessee exclusive right to use it for a period in return for rental payments. Leasing provides financing for equipment modernization and is an important source of finance. The key steps in a leasing transaction are the lessee selecting an asset and supplier, signing a lease agreement with terms, and the lessor purchasing the asset. Advantages of leasing include alternative funds use and flexibility, while disadvantages include higher costs than debt financing.
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The document discusses hire purchase and leasing. It defines hire purchase as hiring an asset for a period of time and then purchasing it, with the purchase price paid over installments. Leasing involves renting an asset from the owner (lessor) for a period of time. There are typically three parties in a hire purchase - the seller, financier, and buyer/hirer. Leasing can be operating or financial, with financial leases transferring most ownership risks to the lessee. The document outlines the rights and obligations of the parties in hire purchase and leasing agreements.
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This document discusses different types of lease agreements. It explains that a lease is a contractual agreement where a lessee has the right to use an asset by making periodic payments to the lessor, who owns the asset. There are two main types of leases: operating leases, which are usually short-term agreements; and financial leases, which are long-term agreements where the lessee takes on most of the risks and benefits of asset ownership. The document also outlines specific types of financial leases like leveraged leases, sale-and-leaseback agreements, and cross-border leases.
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Lease financing involves an arrangement where the owner (lessor) of an asset transfers possession and right to use the asset to another party (lessee) for an agreed period of time in exchange for rental payments. There are two main types of leases: finance leases and operating leases. Finance leases typically involve long-term agreements where the lessee takes on most of the risks and benefits of asset ownership, while operating leases are usually shorter term agreements where the lessor retains responsibility for the asset. Lease financing can provide businesses with an alternative to purchasing assets outright and offers tax benefits compared to other forms of financing.
Itm.leasing
A lease defines the relationship between an owner and tenant regarding the use of property for a specified period of time. There are different types of leases, including gross, net, triple-net, and percentage leases. A lease includes essential elements such as the leased asset, rental payments, lease period, residual value, and end-of-term options for the tenant. Laws governing leases include contract law, property law, and various acts regarding registration, stamp duty, and rent control.
Leasing
The document discusses different types of lease financing arrangements including financing leases, operating leases, sale and leaseback, direct leases, domestic leases, international leases, single investor leases, and leveraged leases. A lease is a legal contract where one party agrees to rent property from another party for a specified period of time in exchange for regular payments. The key parties involved in a lease typically include the lessor who owns the asset, the lessee who uses the asset, and sometimes a lease broker or lender.
Final leasin & hire purchase ppt
- Leasing is a commercial arrangement where an equipment owner conveys the right to use equipment to a user (lessee) in return for rental payments. There are different types of lease agreements such as financial leases, operating leases, sale and lease back, leveraged leasing, direct leasing, sub-leasing, and wet/dry leasing.
- Financial leases involve the transfer of risks and benefits of asset ownership to the lessee, who has the option to purchase the asset at the end of the lease. Operating leases give limited use rights and the asset remains with the lessor.
- Leasing provides advantages like saving capital, flexibility, tax benefits, and improved liquidity
Financial services1
This document provides an overview of various asset and fund-based financial services. It discusses topics like lease finance, consumer credit, factoring, bills discounting, and housing finance. For lease finance, it defines different types of leases and outlines the steps involved in a leasing transaction. It also covers hire purchase agreements and compares leasing to hire purchase. The document then discusses factoring, defining it and outlining the key functions performed by factoring companies. It concludes with a brief discussion of bills discounting.
Lease
Lease financing allows a person to use an asset without owning it by paying rent over time. It has grown as a major financing option globally. A lease financing contract grants a lessee exclusive use of an asset, like equipment, for an agreed period in exchange for regular rental payments. It allows businesses access to assets without large upfront costs.
al ijarah
Ijara or leasing is an Islamic financing contract where the financier buys an asset and leases it to a business owner for a rental fee. There are several types of ijara contracts: basic ijara for leasing services or assets; ijara muntahia bittamleek which allows the lessee to purchase the asset; and al-ijarah wa al-iqtina which is a lease-to-own agreement commonly used for home financing. The ijara contract must meet conditions such as clearly specifying the purpose and responsibilities of both parties, and cannot involve uncertainty around prices, interest, or penalties.
Leasing and Hire Purchase
Lasing and Hire Purchase is essential to be Understood by the Students which would have conceptual Understanding of Both the Concepts
Lease and It's Types..(Assignment)
This document discusses different types of leases, including operating leases, finance leases, sale-and-leaseback, capital leases, direct leases, and leveraged leases. It provides examples and definitions for each type. Operating leases involve the lessee using an asset for less than its useful life, while finance leases last for the full useful life and transfer most ownership risks to the lessee. Sale-and-leaseback involves a company selling an asset to a lessor and then leasing it back. Capital and direct leases meet criteria that require them to be treated as purchases by the lessee. Leveraged leases involve a third party lender providing most of the asset funding.
Merchant banking and financial services unit 4 notes for mba
Merchant banking and financial services unit 4 notes for mbaDr.N.G.P.Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, India
This document provides information on leasing and hire purchasing. It defines leasing as a contract that conveys the right to use an asset for a specified period of time in exchange for rental payments. Hire purchasing allows goods to be bought through periodic installment payments, with ownership transferring after the final payment. The document discusses the participants in leasing agreements, different types of leases such as financial and operating leases, and regulations related to leasing in India. It also provides basics of hire purchasing agreements.Financial management
Leasing is a process where a firm can obtain use of a fixed asset by making a series of tax deductible payments over time. A lease is a contractual agreement where the owner (lessor) provides an asset to a user (lessee) for a period of time in exchange for periodic rental payments. There are two main types of leases: a finance lease, where ownership essentially transfers to the lessee, and an operating lease, where the lease term is shorter than the asset's economic life and the lessee can terminate with limited penalties. Leasing arrangements can also take different forms like a sale and leaseback, single investor lease, or leveraged lease.
Similar to Recent trends in leasing (20)
Leasing and hire purchase are both financial arrangements.
Leasing and hire purchase are both financial arrangements.
Leasing & Hire Purchase.pptx leasing hire purchase
Leasing & Hire Purchase.pptx leasing hire purchase
11. Lease Finance.ppt leasing finance topics in presentation
11. Lease Finance.ppt leasing finance topics in presentation
Merchant banking and financial services unit 4 notes for mba
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Quiz Competition : MCQ
This PPT is related to quiz competition
it includes all multiple choice questions related to politics, history, sports, culture, economics, current affairs etc.
Financial litrarcy
Reserve Bank of India launched an initiative in 2007 – Est.
Financial Literacy and Credit Counseling Centers
Few banks have taken initiatives to start some centres in rural / semi urban areas
Hyderabad office of the Reserve Bank – Multy Model
Chennai Office of the Reserve Bank has brought out two comic books titled 'Currency Matters' and 'Bank Matters‘
New Delhi Office RBI - Published comic book on basic banking, titled 'Raju and the Money Tree‘
July 2012, national strategy for financial education was prepared and released by RBI.
SEBI the governing body of stock market India provides protection to the investors
Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA)
The Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA)
Various Newpaper – Loksatta, Times of india, Maharashtra Times, Sakal etc.
Agricultural finance
Agriculture contributes around 15% to India's GDP but employs over 50% of the population. Rural areas are home to over 70% of India's population, many of whom are poor farmers dependent on agriculture. The government prioritizes raising agricultural productivity to reduce poverty. Formal agricultural financing through banks has grown over time from money lenders to include cooperative banks, nationalized banks, regional rural banks, and now a multi-agency approach including public, private, and foreign banks. Key agricultural financing products include crop loans and Kisan Credit Cards (KCC), which consolidate short and long-term credit needs. However, many small and marginal farmers still lack adequate access to agricultural credit.
Education for sustainable development
Life on earth is always dependent on Nature. From the very inception of a living phenomena, Nature has sustained life, including human life.
Sustainable development, in general, refers to the process of socio-economic development through a judicious utilization of nature’s resources, keeping in view the needs of future generations.
When we talk of sustainable development in relation to education per se we must be clear in our mind the concept, scope and application of terms like sustainability, development and also education.
Will india become a superpower???
A superpower is a state with a dominant position in the international system which has the ability to influence events and its own interests and project power on a worldwide scale to protect those interests .
Customer relationship management
Advance technology and globalization has lead to competition so fierce never before.
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So, keeping your existing customer satisfied and maximizing Customer Lifetime Value (CLV) have significant importance than acquiring new customer.
In marketing, customer lifetime value (CLV), lifetime customer value (LCV), or lifetime value (LTV) is the net present value of the cash flows attributed to the relationship with a customer.
The use of customer lifetime value as a marketing metric tends to place greater emphasis on customer service and long-term customer satisfaction, rather than on maximizing short-term sales.
The concept of CLV helps the marketer to analyze the cost of acquiring , servicing and retaining a certain set of customer in the market
Indian scams
Right From The Birth of the Child, to the Death of an old Man, it has reached everywhere.
Hospitals: Fake Surgeries, Prescription of not Required Medicines.
Medical Shop: Adulterated , Expired Medicines.
Educational Institute: Charging Hefty Fees, Taking Huge Donations, Offering Fake Marks Statement, Taking Bribes for Passing the Students in the Examinations.
Daily Necessity: From Milk to almost everything you eat it is adulterated.
All kinds of governmental offices.
In Short you are totally surrounded by the scams.
Corporate governance
OBJECTIVES OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
● To enhance long term Shareholders value
● To Protect shareholders interest
● To conduct the affairs of the company in a manner that ensure
fairness to customers, employees, investors, vendor. government
etc.
● To Maximize shareholders value
● To build up confidence and increasing the thrust of stakeholders
● To enhance efficiency and effectiveness through fair and transparent means
● To shape the growth and the future capital market
● To Minimize securities scam
World Trade Organisation ( WTO )
The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in 1995 to oversee and liberalize international trade. It provides a framework for negotiating and formalizing trade agreements, and a dispute resolution process for addressing trade conflicts among member nations. The WTO expanded upon prior global trade agreements by establishing a rules-based trading system and permanent institutional structure. It aims to lower trade barriers, strengthen protections for intellectual property, and promote economic development and employment.
A study of carbon credit accounting
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Social justice / social reform
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It implies social change because social good presupposes a living, changing society.
Key to know about learning process & the learner
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Indian banking
Globally India is considered as a safe destination
Country rating is stable
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Forex inflows around $300 Billion, with FDI forming a major part
Carbon credit accounting
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Green marketing a holistic marketing concept
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Team building
This document discusses the benefits of teamwork. It states that teamwork leads minds to creativity, encourages initiative, and allows combined efforts to focus on a single target. Working as a team also allows for individual growth and a broadening of one's vision. Teamwork fosters a feeling of unity, enhances trust among coworkers, and develops self-responsibility over blame. It concludes that no matter differences in geography, ethnicity, or background, working as a team with mutual understanding is needed to achieve goals.
Changing face of conventional business
The document discusses how technological change is accelerating exponentially and disrupting businesses. It notes that the average lifespan of S&P 500 companies has decreased from 67 years in the 1920s to 15 years today. As technologies like artificial intelligence, 3D printing, drones, and robots become increasingly powerful and affordable, they will transform almost every industry in the coming years. This technological disruption may have significant implications for society, such as humans developing superhuman abilities through biological and technological enhancements.
Changing role of RBI in the new liberal economic setup
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2. UMBRELLA FOR ALL FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES IN INDIA.
3. FUNCTIONS ARE MONETARY AND NON-MONETARY.
4. SHOULD BE AUTONOMOUS AUTHORITY.
5. NEEDS TO PROACTIVE.
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Micro finance - A fad on a real economic change agent
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India is the largest market for long term sustainability of Microfinance Institutions.
The purpose of selection of this topic is to know the impact of microfinance institutions on the Economy and how it is going to change Economy.
Human development index imagination and realities
Growth means steady growth in Output basically quantitative
Development is qualitative change in socio economic aspect
The Human Development Index HDI is defined as the composite statistics used to rank countries by levels of human development.
UNDP is publishing HDI index since 1990
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A) Health: Life Expectancy at Birth
B)Education: Expected years of schooling for
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"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
where can I find a legit pi merchant online
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the what'sapp contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
+12349014282
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Let's be real for a second – the world of meme coins can feel like a bit of a circus at times. Every other day, there's a new token promising to take you "to the moon" or offering some groundbreaking utility that'll change the game forever. But how many of them actually deliver on that hype?
Role of Information Technology in Revenue - Prof Oyedokun.pptx
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how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the what'sapp number.
+12349014282
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Recent trends in leasing
- 1. Presented by Prashant Arsul Recent Trends in Leasing
- 2. What is Leasing Written contract by which an owner of a specific asset grants a second party the right to its exclusive possession and use for a specific period and under specified conditions, in return for specified periodic rental or lease payments.
- 3. Terms Lessor – owner of the asset. Lessee – Person/Party that uses the asset. Rent/Lease payment – amount paid by the lessee to the lessor against the use of the asset. Lease Period: Legal period where Lessee is authorized to use the asset Lender – Provides loan incase the asset value is beyond the purchasing capacity of the lessor
- 5. Traditional Types of Lease 1. Financial Lease 2. Operating Lease 3. Sale and Leaseback 4. Leverage Lease 5. Cross Boarder Lease
- 6. Financial Lease It’s a full pay-out, non-cancellable agreement. Lessee is responsible for maintenance, taxes and insurance. Lessee wants the ownership and expects high residual value of the asset. Lessee purchases the asset upon lease termination at the agreed value. Lease tends to be longer as much as it covers the full life of the asset.
- 7. Operating Lease It runs for less than full economic life of the asset. Lessee is not liable for the financing of its value. Lessor carries the risk associated with the residual value of the asset. Opted by companies that frequently update or replace equipment. Also incase where lessee does not want to take the ownership.
- 8. Sale and leaseback Lessee sells presently owned asset to the lessor. Lessor allows the lessee to retain the full use of the property for a fee over a specified period of time. Lessee losses the ownership but retains the possession of the asset for its use. Opted by the companies that wants to convert the presently owned asset into cash but also
- 9. Leverage Lease Here additional third party involved known as ‘Lender’. Lessor puts up some of the money required to purchase the asset and borrows the rest from the lender. Lender is payed the secured interest on the asset. Lessee makes the payment to lessor, who makes the payment to the lender. Lender has a right to the asset and the lease payments ( if the lessor defaults).
- 10. Cross-boarder Lease Here lessor and the lessee are situated in two different countries. Opted by companies that want to acquire asset from other country but could not finance it. To reduce the overall cost of financing through utilization of tax depreciation allowances to reduce its taxable income.
- 11. Players in Leasing: Lessor Lessee Specialized Leasing Companies Banks and Bank Subsidiaries Specialized Financial Institutions One-Off Lessors Public Sector Undertakings Mid-Market Companies Retail Consumers Car Customers Commercial Vehicles Earth Movers Machinery Consumers Govt. Departments
- 12. Current Status Unhealthy Competition Lack of Qualified personnel Tax consideration Stamp duty Delayed payments and bad debts
- 13. Conclusion Many industrialist are tempted to go for leasing due to ease of availability Car companies are the good example of good leasing business Competition must be on equal scale. Government, financial institutions and leasing companies should join hands. Considering the industrial growth, leasing has got huge potential to grow.
- 14. Thank You