This document outlines reading comprehension strategies that students can use before, during, and after reading non-fiction text to increase understanding. Some strategies to use before reading include activating prior knowledge, doing a picture walk, analyzing text features, making predictions, and identifying the purpose. During reading, students can create mental pictures, make connections, mark the text, use graphic organizers, and put information into their own words. After reading, students should reflect on what they read, reread, summarize the text, ask questions to clarify misunderstandings, and present the information they learned. Employing these strategies helps students comprehend and retain information from non-fiction texts.
This presentation discusses 15 strategies that students sixth grade or above can use before, during, and after reading with a focus on nonfiction texts.
This presentation discusses 15 strategies that students sixth grade or above can use before, during, and after reading with a focus on nonfiction texts.
A brief overview of types of reading.
TYPES OF READING
AN OVERVIEW OF READING SKILLS AND STRATEGIES
TWO MAIN READING CATEGORIES
• A – ORAL
• B – SILENT
• 1. SKIMMING
• 2. SCANNING
• 3. INTENSIVE READING
• 4. EXTENSIVE READING
SKIMMING
Skimming is used to quickly gather the most important information, or 'gist'. Run your eyes over the text, noting important information. Use skimming to quickly get up to speed on a current business situation. It's not essential to understand each word when skimming.
EXAMPLES OF SKIMMING
• The Newspaper (quickly to get the general news of the day)
• Magazines (quickly to discover which articles you would like to read in more detail)
• Business and Travel Brochures (quickly to get informed)
SCANNING
Scanning is used to find a particular piece of information. Run your eyes over the text looking for the specific piece of information you need. Use scanning on schedules, meeting plans, etc. in order to find the specific details you require. If you see words or phrases that you don't understand, don't worry when scanning.
EXAMPLES OF SCANNING
• The "What's on TV" section (itinerary) of your newspaper.
• A train / airplane schedule
• A conference guide
EXTENSIVE READING
Extensive reading is used to obtain a general understanding of a subject and includes reading longer texts for pleasure, as well as business books. Use extensive reading skills to improve your general knowledge of business procedures. Do not worry if you understand each word.
EXAMPLES OF EXTENSIVE READING
• The latest marketing strategy book
• A novel you read before going to bed
• Magazine articles that interest you
INTENSIVE READING
Intensive reading is used on shorter texts in order to extract specific information. It includes very close accurate reading for detail. Use intensive reading skills to grasp the details of a specific situation. In this case, it is important that you understand each word, number or fact.
EXAMPLES OF INTENSIVE READING
• A bookkeeping report
• An insurance claim
• A contract
RECAP
• Skimming - Reading rapidly for the main points
• Scanning - Reading rapidly through a text to find specific information required
• Extensive - Reading longer texts, often for pleasure and for an overall understanding
• Intensive - Reading shorter texts for detailed information with an emphasis on precise understanding
FINALLY A SHORT QUIZ
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2. The Strategies
• In order for students to be successful while
reading, they must employ reading
comprehension strategies before, during, and
after reading.
• The following slides are examples of strategies
that can be used by students to increase
understanding and comprehension by
students while reading non-fiction text.
3. Before Reading
The goal of the strategies used before
reading is to activate prior knowledge,
increase interest, and to prepare the
student for what they are about to
read.
4. Activate Prior Knowledge
• This is an important strategy for students
when reading non-fiction text.
• The goal is to create a link between what you
are about to learn and what you already know.
• For example, if you are reading a book about
insects you can activate your prior knowledge
and think about the insects you know about.
5. Picture Walk
• Before reading anything, flip through the text
to look for any pictures or graphics.
• Use these to activate your prior knowledge
like discussed earlier.
• The pictures can play an important role in the
text so this strategy will come in handy.
• Keep these pictures in mind for later when
you start to read.
6. Analyze Text Features
• With non-fiction text, the text features are
very important.
• Look for headers, changes in text size or
color, bold, italics, or underlining to help pick
out important information.
• Text features point out important information
that the author is trying to portray.
BOLD ITALICS UNDERLINE
7. Make Predictions
• Before reading, make predictions about the
text.
• Read the title of the passage and ask yourself
what you think might happen in the text.
• For example, you can make predictions about
history non-fiction text or science non-fiction
text to see what you already know.
• This will be something you can refer back to at
the end of the lesson.
8. Identify the Purpose
• Before you start to read, it is helpful to
identify the purpose for reading.
• With non-fiction text, many times the purpose
will be to inform.
• It is also important to identify any bias that
might be present before you read.
• Use this information to guide your reading.
9. During Reading
• It is crucial for students to use reading
comprehension strategies during reading.
• These strategies guide the students as they
read and make sure they understand the text.
• This is an important step for the students
metacognitively. They will need to actively
think about what they are doing as they read.
10. Create Mental Pictures
• As you read the text, picture what the author is
describing.
• If there are pictures, use these to guide your
mental pictures.
• Create images of what is happening or what
might happen next.
• For example, if you are reading about
World War II pictures the conditions as
they are described in the text.
11. Make Connections
• As you are reading, make connections from
what the author is talking about to what you
already know.
• Make sure to adjust your understandings as
needed.
• Do not let your prior knowledge interfere with
what you are learning but do make
connections where you can.
12. Mark the Text
• If you are able, mark the text as you read.
• Highlight, underline, or write in the margins
important details as you read.
• Use post-it notes if you are using a book that
you cannot mark in.
• These small notes will help you keep track of
what you are reading and will you to
remember important details.
13. Use Graphic Organizers
• As you read, mark down information on a
graphic organizer.
• There are many different graphic organizers
out there that can reflect different
relationships.
• For example, graphic organizers can be used
to write down important cause and effect
relationships as well as compare and contrast
relationships.
14. Put it in Your Own Words
• After reading a section of the text, put what
the author is saying into your own words.
• By doing so you are clarifying your information
and making sure that your are comprehending
as you go.
• If you cannot put it into your own words
effectively, go back and reread the passage
making sure to note key details.
15. After Reading
• The strategies that are used after reading the
text are just as important as the strategies
that are used before and during reading.
• These strategies “help students integrate
information from text with their own core
knowledge” (Bursuck, 2011).
• These strategies reinforce what was learned
and make sure effective learning has taken
place.
16. Reflect
• Once you finish the text, reflect on what you
read.
• Ask yourself questions such as:
– Did I understand what I just read?
– Do I need more information?
– What confused me?
• Questions such as these can be very helpful to
monitor conprehension.
17. Reread
• After reading the passage once, a helpful
strategy is to go back and read the text again.
• Before you do so, write down some questions
you might have had when reading the first
time.
• Think about your reflection and use that as a
guide for reading the second time.
18. Summarize the Text
• After reading, summarize the text as a whole.
• Make sure you are able to identify the key
details and put them into your own words.
• Think about the facts and be able to
summarize the important ones.
• By putting the text into your own words at the
end, you are guiding your comprehension and
creating a solid foundation for knowledge that
can be used later on.
19. Ask Questions/Clarify Misconceptions
• Once you’ve finished reading, ask yourself
questions about what you read.
• Some questions can include:
– What was the main point of the text?
– How did that align with what I already knew?
– What did I learn?
• This is also a great time to clarify
misconceptions that were identified during
the ‘before’ stage of reading.
20. Present the Information
• A great way to increase comprehension after reading a
piece of text is to present the information.
• This does not have to be elaborate.
• Grab a friend or peer and present the information you
just learned.
• If you can clearly explain to someone else what you
have learned you have a good grasp on the material.
• If the other person has questions at the end that you
cannot answer, go back to the text and read it with
those questions in mind.
21. Using Reading Comprehension Strategies
• Reading comprehension strategies are crucial
for increasing understanding for struggling
readers.
• Reading is a process and this is the reason
there are certain strategies that are used
before, during, and after.
• Students will gain more from the text if they
are able to employ these strategies.
22. References
Bursuck, W., & Damer, M. (2011). Teaching reading to students who are at
risk or have disabilities: A multi-tier approach (2nd ed.). Upper
Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson.
Coe, G., & Fitzpatrick, A. (n.d.). Reading Strategies for the Social Studies
Class. Www.world-affairs.org.
Keene, E., & Zimmermann, S. (2007). Mosaic of thought: The power of
comprehension strategy instruction (2nd ed.). Portsmouth, NH:
Heinemann.
Nonfiction Reading Strategies. (n.d.). Retrieved April 11, 2015.
Oczuks, L. (2011). Literacy Survival Tips for New Teachers! International
Reading Association.
Question-Answer Relationship (QAR). (2013, March 19). Retrieved April 11,
2015.