This document discusses administration of MySQL databases in Amazon RDS. It begins by explaining that RDS makes it easy to setup, manage, and scale relational databases in the cloud. It then provides details on creating RDS instances, setting up security groups and parameter groups. It notes some limitations of RDS including restrictions on replication, upgrades, and schema changes. It also discusses dumping users and data from RDS as well as handling DDL operations and failures. It concludes by comparing costs of RDS versus self-managed databases on EC2.

1. MySQL administration in
Amazon RDS
PALOMINODB
OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE
FOR DATABASES
Ben Black
www.palominodb.com

2. What is RDS
"Amazon Relational Database Service is a
web service that makes it easy to set up,
operate, and scale a relational database in
the cloud."

3. Why use RDS
1) Easy to set up
2) Flexibility/Scalability/Pay as you go
3) Easy to create replicas
4) Multiple AZ
5) Easy Admin/backups

4. Create an RDS instance

5. Create an RDS instance

6. Create an RDS instance

7. Security Group setup

8. Parameter Group Setup

9. Parameter Group Setup

10. Parameter Group Setup

11. Anyone have pointy
clicky rage yet?

12. rds-cli
Download rds cli tools from amazon, unzip, and create a
symlink
vi /home/bblack/rdscreds
AWSAccessKeyId=<DELETED>
AWSSecretKey=<DELETED>
chmod 600 /home/bblack/rdscreds
Add to .bashrc
export AWS_RDS_HOME=/home/bblack/RDSCli
export AWS_CREDENTIAL_FILE=/home/bblack/rdscreds

13. rds-cli
rds-create-db-instance
rds-create-db-instance-read-replica
rds-modify-db-instance
rds-modify-db-parameter-group
rds-describe-db-instances
rds-reboot-db-instance

14. rds-cli
rds-modify-db-parameter-group dev-pg --
parameters="name=sql_mode,
value='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES',
method=immediate"
"{TrueIfReplica}"

15. Limitations
sync_binlog=1
Broken replication/rebuilding replicas/failover

16. Things to set
log_bin_trust_function_creators
max_connect_errors
slow query logging
sync_binlog
query cache

17. Limitations
Slow Query Logs (blog on how to do it)
http://www.palominodb.com/blog/2011/10/20/exporting-
mysqlslowlog-table-slow-query-log-format
MySQL upgrades
Schema changes
Replication out of RDS

18. Limitations
Forced Maintenance
Changing the size of disk with replicas
How to dump/load data and users
Can't dump mysql schema
--routines

19. Dumping Users
pt-show-grants -OR-
mysql --host=olddatabasehost -BNe "select
concat(''',user,''@'',host,''') from mysql.user where user
not like 'rds%' and user != 'master'" |
while read uh; do mysql --host=olddatabasehost -BNe
"show grants for $uh" | sed 's/$/;/; s///g'; done >
user_grants.sql
http://www.villescorner.com/2012/11/mysqldump-from-
amazon-rds-headaches-of.html

20. Limitations
Single region replicas/Multi-AZ
What happens when an AZ or region goes
down?
"...as if millions of voices suddenly cried
out in terror and were suddenly
silenced."

21. DDL
No option to alter slave and swap with master
Blocking DDL
OSC tools (no OS access)
show table status like '%blah%';
Lots more on OSC tomorrow (B @ 2pm)

22. DDL
What do you do if you really break replication?
CALL mysql.rds_skip_repl_error;
Recreate replica(s)
one at a time
possible to rename

23. RDS vs EC2

24. Cost considerations
Instance type
Multi-AZ => 2x
PIOPS
Replicas
Disk size

25. Questions
Ben Black
ben@palominodb.com
www.palominodb.com