This document discusses rapid embedded prototyping using open source software and hardware. It provides an overview of popular embedded operating systems like Linux, MeeGo and Android and development platforms like the BeagleBoard and Pandaboard. It highlights tools for building customized Linux systems like Yocto Project and the benefits of initiatives like Linaro and MeeGo for improving Linux on ARM. Key challenges discussed are a lack of device drivers and ensuring security in embedded environments.

1. Rapid Embedded Prototyping with Open Source:
Software and Hardware
Alison Chaiken
Nokia Mobility Solutions
Sunnyvale CA
alchaiken@gmail.com
July 12, 2011
Principles:
Reuse components, both own and COTS, HW and SW
Modular, flexible design
Unit testing at regular preplanned intervals

2. Open Source Platform Features to Consider
● Compatible CPU architectures
● Vendor support, documentation and maintenance and
license
● Ported applications, “app store”
● Toolchain (compiler, debugger, package manager)
● Software development kit and integrated dev.
environment
● Real-time performance

3. Popular Embedded Operating Systems

4. MeyerSound's D-Mitri
EmDebian runs real-time audio for Cirque du Soleil, Disney.

5. Embedded Linux or alternative?
Soft real-
Have MMU? GPLv2 OK?
time OK?
Want Linux Driver
Power use
features? availability?
OK?
Tools,
Existing
support
Linux port?
OK?

6. MeeGo Linaro Android Ångstrom
Organization Foundation Non-profit Consortium Community
Membership None Core, Club, Unclear None
Community
Planning/gov Open on IRC + Board, TSGs in Private Come again?
er-nance private private
process
License LGPL Upstreams' Apache v2 Upstreams'
Corporate 16∓: Intel, TI, ARM, “over 80,” esp. None
participants Nokia?, AMD, Freescale, IBM, Mentor in
Fujitsu, Samsung, ST embedded
Renesas Ericsson, TI
Supported Atom (x86), ARMv7: Cortex ARMv7, ARMv5, ARM, PowerPC,
architectures ARMv7, MIPS in A8, A9, & A15 PowerPC, x86, MIPS, SuperH,
progress MIPS AVR
Shipping WeTab, Not yet legion Gumstix
products IndaMixx,
Amino, Geely,
HawTai

7. Cross-Platform Apps on Mobile POSIX
Plus, port of iOS apps to MeeGo led by Intel's
S. Crabtree with LLVM developers in Argentina!
Myriad's Alien DalvÍk on Maemo
RIM's AndroidPlayer on QNX
Debian's Iced Robot

8. Qt Includes Beautiful UI, Featureful Back-end
Qt Mobility: extensive support for location-based services
Excellent IDE, easy and rapid prototyping with Javascript-like QML.

9. Qt Runs Everywhere
Deeply embedded (“bare metal”) or headless all the way to desktop.

10. MeeGo is more like Desktop Linux than Android

11. MeeGo “Special Sauce”
● Qt application framework and GUI toolkit
● Connman connection manager
● Simplified Mandatory Access Control Kernel
(Smack)
● Intended to be reconfigured and reskinned: an
“upstream”
● Easier to port mainline Linux components to
MeeGo than to Android

12. connman Connection Manager

13. Surprisingly strong developer support
Reflects big efforts by Intel and MeeGo vendor community.

14. MeeGo Problems
● Security and synchronization systems left
dangling due to project changes
● Lack of continuity and predictability
● GTK → Qt
● Debian package manager to RedHat one
● Nokia exit
● Netbook and handset now unsupported, TV and
tablet added
● 5th place (?) in handset/tablet space
● Do “deeply embedded” OEMs care?

15. Nokia
MeeGo
Community

16. HW Development Platform Requirements
● Versatility: support for different buses, comms
and display protocols
● Expandability: ports, headers and daughter
cards
● Software platform support
● Documentation: manuals, gerbers
● Device drivers!

17. Notable ARM Dev Boards in use by aMeeGos
TI BeagleBoard XM
x1 Cortex A8 with SGX530 GPU
TI Pandaboard
x2 Cortex A9 with SGX540 GPU ST-Ericsson Snowball
x2 Cortex A9 with Mali GPU

18. Other Prototyping possibilities
Gumstix Overo
x1 Cortex A8 with SGX530 GPU
Intel N450 Mini-ITX
x1 Atom, “integrated graphics”
Variscite AM35
Freescale iMX53 QuickStart x1 Cortex A8 600 MHz, CAN bus
x1 Cortex A8 1 GHz, SATA

19. Gentil's Demo at ELC2011
http://elinux.org/images/5/5c/ELC-AlwaysInnovating-Gentil.pdf

20. Lessons from the Trenches
● chroot approach demonstrated by Gentil is fast,
powerful and widely applicable
● Pick popular HW platform for accessories, docs
and tools
● Device driver situation is painful no matter what
selection is made

21. Summary
● Wide selection, decent tools and good docs
enable rapid prototyping using open source.
● Embedded Linux is useful in many cases.
● Where “app store” is irrelevant, MeeGo is
easier than Android.
● Starting with ARM or Atom reference board
saves a lot of headaches.
● Linaro and Yocto projects are promising.
● Proprietary device drivers are the biggest
problem on any platform.

22. MeeGo IVI Running on ExoPC

23. MeeGo-IVI Homescreen on Atom ExoPC Slate

24. Linux Security for Embedded Environments
● Sandboxing and cgroups
● Hardware approach like DRM → GPU decoding
● SELinux versus Smack
● Java approach:
● don't prevent impermissible actions in policy; instead
intentionally omit the facility for implementation of them
● Nothing like “airgap” security at the end of the day

25. ConnMan Architecture overview

26. TI's OMAP4430 SoC
6 cores: 2x Cortex A-9, SGX540 GPU, C64X DSP plus 2x Cortex-M

27. MeeGo-IVI On OMAP4 Pandaboard withHW-
accelerated Graphics

28. Yocto Project Eases Custom Linux Builds
● Based on Open Embedded, with better UI and more quality control
● Source for board-support packages and device drivers,even
proprietary and binary ones, where available
● Complete toolchain including revision control,
compilation,packaging and testing
● Support for many architectures and software variants
● Broad industrial support

29. Linaro: improving Linux on ARM
● Industry contributions for ARM to Linux kernel
are a mess
● Tools lag x86
● Broad industrial support can enable code reuse
and encourage best practices
● Primarily funded by Canonical and IBM
● Still early in development