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ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE NURSING FOUNDATION OF NURSING

This document discusses various types of exercises that can be performed during physical therapy or rehabilitation. It describes active, passive, resistive, isometric, and active-assistive exercises. Active exercises are performed independently by the patient without assistance in order to increase strength. Passive exercises are carried out by the nurse without patient effort. Resistive exercises involve the patient pushing or pulling against resistance. Isometric exercises involve contracting muscles without joint movement. Active-assistive exercises are performed with some nurse assistance to encourage normal muscle function. Range of motion exercises are also discussed.

Education◦
 To maintain joint mobility is done by putting each of the patients joints through all possible movements.  To increase and /or maintain movenment in each joints  To prevent contractures  To prevent atony (insuffiecient muscle tone)  To prevent atrophy of muscles  To To stimulate circulation  To reduce edema  To reduce workload on heart.
• To prevent thrombus and embolus formation • To improve coordination • To increase tolerance for more activity. • To maintain and build muscle strength • To prevent constipation and flatuence • To promote urinary infection
1. ACTIVE 2.PASSIVE 3.RESISTIVE 4.ISOMETRIC 5.ACTIVE ASSISTIVE
 these excercise are performed by the patient by patient,without assistance , to increase muscle strength. some of the excercises that can be done by the patient on the bed are”:  deep breathing  coughing  range of motion  moving in bed  foot excercises  abdominal and gluteal contraction excercises
 these excercise are carried out by the nurse, without assistance from the patient.  passive excersice will not preserve muscle mass or bone mineralization because there is no voluntary contraction lengthening of muscle or tension on bones.
 these are active excercise performed by the patient by pulling or pushing against an opposing force
 these exercise are performed by the patient by contracting and relaxing muscle while keeping the part in a fixed position. isometric excercise are done to maintain muscle strength when a joint is immobilized.  full patient cooperation is required
 these excercises are performed by the patient with assistance from the nurse. ACTIVE ASSISTIVE excercises encourage normal muscle function while the nurse support the distal joint.
Decreasing the angle between two bones or bending a part on itself, as in bending the leg at the hip.
Increasing the angle between two bones, as in straightening the arm.
Increasing the angle of an extremity beyond normal, as in bending the head back to look at the ceiling or bending the fingers back.
Bending a body part toward the dorsum (backwards), as in moving the foot so the toes are pulled toward the knee and thus facing backward.
Bending a body part toward the dorsum (backwards), as in moving the foot so the toes are pulled toward the knee and thus facing backward.
Moving a body part away from the midline of the body.
Moving a body part away from the midline of the body.
Moving an extremity in circles; the extremity draws a cone, with the joint as the apex of the cone—as in swinging arms in circles.
Moving a bone on a longitudinal axis (horizontally), as in shaking the head no, or moving in a circle from the waist.
Inversion. Turing the palm upward.
Turning the hand so the palm faces downward or backward.
Turning a body part so that it faces medially or inside, such as turning the ankle so that the sole of the foot faces the opposite foot.
Turning the foot so the sole faces away from the other foot.
Moving forward or anteriorly, as in jutting out the jaw.
Moving backward or back into anatomic position.
ACTIVITY AND EXERCISE NURSING FOUNDATION OF NURSING