Random walk based approach to detect clone attacks in wireless sensor networks

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Random-Walk Based Approach to Detect Clone Attacks in Wireless Sensor
Networks
Abstract
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) deployed in hostile environments are vulnerable to
clone attacks. In such attack, an adversary compromises a few nodes, replicates them,
and inserts arbitrary number of replicas into the network. Consequently, the adversary
can carry out many internal attacks. Previous solutions on detecting clone attacks have
several drawbacks. First, some of them require a central control, which introduces several
inherent limits. Second, some of them are deterministic and vulnerable to simple witness
compromising attacks. Third, in some solutions the adversary can easily learn the critical
witness nodes to start smart attacks and protect replicas from being detected. In this
paper, we first show that in order to avoid existing drawbacks, replica-detection protocols
must be non-deterministic and fully distributed (NDFD), and fulfill three security
requirements on witness selection. To our knowledge, only one existing protocol,
Randomized Multicast, is NDFD and fulfills the requirements, but it has very high
communication overhead. Then, based on random walk, we propose two new NDFD
protocols, RAndom WaLk (RAWL) and Table-assisted RAndom WaLk (TRAWL), which
fulfill the requirements while having only moderate communication and memory
overheads. The random walk strategy outperforms previous strategies because it
distributes a core step, the witness selection, to every passed node of random walks, and
then the adversary cannot easily find out the critical witness nodes. We theoretically
analyze the required number of walk steps for ensuring detection. Our simulation results
show that our protocols outperform an existing NDFD protocol with the lowest overheads

Covert channels is a vital setup in the analysing the strength of security in a network. Covert Channel is illegitimate channelling over the secured channel and establishes a malicious conversation. The trap-door set in such channels proliferates making covert channel sophisticated to detect their presence in network firewall. This is due to the intricate covert scheme that enables to build robust covert channel over the network. From an attacker's perspective this will ameliorate by placing multiple such trapdoors in different protocols in the rudimentary protocol stack. This leads to a unique scenario of “Hybrid Covert Channel", where different covert channel trapdoors exist at the same instance of time in same layer of protocol stack. For detection agents to detect such event is complicated due to lack of knowledge over the different covert schemes. To improve the knowledge of the detection engine to detect the hybrid covert channel scenario it is required to explore all possible clandestine mediums used in the formation of such channels. This can be explored by different schemes available and their entropy impact on hybrid covert channel. The environment can be composed of resources and subject under at-tack and subject which have initiated the attack (attacker). The paper sets itself an objective to understand the different covert schemes and the attack scenario (modelling) and possibilities of covert mediums along with metric for detection.

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