Radio One Hcs

Radio One Hcs
Executive Summary
Radio One Corp. is the largest radio group targeting African–Americans in the country, and it's got
an excellent record by acquiring underperforming radio stations and turning them around. It's
contemplating whether to buy a significant amount of 21 radio stations (including 12 established
urban stations in the top 50 markets and 9 stations from other companies) to be divested by one of
the nation's biggest owner of radio stations, Clear Channel, due to its merge with the other biggest
owner, AMFM.
Radio One would benefit from the acquisition in the sense that its size would be doubled and its
national platform be built, its revenue increase significantly, and having the possibility to go through
planned expansion into ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We assume for the purpose of our analysis that the 9 other stations were also of similar quality.
We find in Exhibit 9 that the 2000 BCF of the 21 new stations is expected to amount $65.041 M. It
can thus be implied that the Enterprise Value of the 21 targeted radio stations is:
2000BCF * Transaction Multiple=65.041*19.95=$1.298 Bn
Therefore it is realistic to expect paying at least 20 x BCF, which is the target of Radio One top
management.
Trading multiple analysis:
First of all, for the trading multiple, we take into consideration the data of 2001 from Exhibit 8 and
Exhibit 9 because of the following: 1) The transaction price should rather rely on the forecast data
because an acquirer is mainly interested in the future cash flows; 2) The Multiple data shown in
Exhibit 8 are based on the year of 2001. So in order to match data, we chose the projected data of
2001 in Exhibit 9.
Concerning the trading multiples, we have reached the following result: BCF Multiple=16.3 and
EBITDA Multiple=17.4 (Appendix2). After analyzing the financial data in the Exh.9 and Exh.8, it
was obvious that we could only use the BCF and EBITDA multiples. What's more as the data of
HBCCA (Hispanic Broadcasting) are extremely large and statistically unusual, we decided not to
consider these data to reach the adjusted multiple as above.
And with regard to the projected financial data of the 21 new stations we have found out
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Clear Channel and the Cultural and Socio-Political...
Clear Channel and the Cultural and Socio–Political Ramifications of Media Consolidation
I.INTRODUCTION
In 1996, Congress passed the Telecommunications Act thereby lifting restrictions on media
ownership that had been in place for over sixty years (Moyers 2003; Bagdikian 2000: xviii). It was
now possible for a single media company to own not just two radio stations in any given local
market, but eight. On the national level, there was no longer any limit on the number of stations a
company could own – the Act abandoned the previous nation–wide ownership cap of forty stations
(20 FM and 20 AM). This "anti–regulatory sentiment in government" has continued and in 2004 the
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved a new rule that ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
2004: 3; Chen 2003).
While the phenomenon of rampant media consolidation made possible by the government's
deregulatory practices has been greeted with general enthusiasm by the corporate world, it has left
others in society gravely concerned. Media critics and cultural studies observers have voiced
concerns over the negative consequences they believe accompany the phenomenon. They see the
erosion of the idea that radio is to serve the public interest; they see a stifling of diversity and less
choice for the consumer; and they see a threat to American democracy in the form of a possibly
insurmountable corporate media hegemony. And for many, Clear Channel is "the 'poster child' for
what's wrong with media deregulation" (Cornell Univ. 2004: 66).
Unfortunately however, a February 2004 poll by the Pew Research Center found that "72 percent of
the public has heard nothing about the media ownership [and consolidation] debate" (Connell 2004).
Understanding how corporate mergers and consolidation affect the way in which the media function
(especially in the realms of production and distribution) and how the media in turn directly impacts
our society, our culture, our economy, and our politics – in short, our entire lives – is a necessary

Pandora Radio
New Models Of Doing Business: Pandora Radio As if the music industry has not seen enough
change in recent years, Pandora Radio has started yet another music revolution. This time, however,
the revolution is not about how the music is stored and collected (LP/CD/MP3 transformation), or
how music is purchased (Record Stores/ iTunes transformation), but how we actually listen to
music. Pandora Radio has created an amazing technology, which allows users to create and
customize their own radio stations that automatically play new and unique songs that cater exactly
to the users tastes and interests. Pandora has created a radio station that never plays that bad or
annoying song. With Pandora, the user will never have to turn that proverbial ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In contrast, there exist many intermediaries with the traditional radio business model. Disc Jockeys
select the music to broadcast and station managers determine what type of genre and audience to
target. With this old way of doing business, satisfying the customer was a never–ending challenge of
hit and miss, where ratings were correlated to what was being played. With Pandora, customer
satisfaction is inherent in their model. Users create their own stations to listen to, and are constantly
customizing stations to tailor to their tastes. The argument can be posited that while Pandora does
possess a new high technology and a new way of doing business, the existing technology support
network cannot support Pandora–a large portion of radio is listened to people commuting in cars
where an internet connection is beyond the normal means of consumers. This is a false assumption.
The technology support network is currently undergoing change to meet the demand for internet
connectivity anytime, anywhere. Technologies such as 3G and 4G allow devices to connect to the
internet anywhere, and Pandora is currently developing players for automobiles, and applications for
smart phones have already been developed and launched (Yarrow). Pandora's effort to allow users to
utilize their service anywhere is another genius move of the company (Yarrow). By aligning
themselves with the ongoing self–service evolution in

Amplitude Modulation Report
Introduction
Radio Stations within the UK are listened to frequently by large audiences throughout the country.
This is achieved through the use of a number of different network media platforms either in
Analogue or Digital form; including the Internet and traditional wired and wireless broadcasting
such as AM/ FM networks. The objective of this report is to choose two examples of a broadcast
radio platform – one being digital with the other being analogue and then describe in detail of the
modulation methods employed in each case. The 2 broadcast radio platforms that will be focused on
in this report will be AM/ FM and Digital Radio (DAB); providing background information on each
technology and specify modulation methods used by each in ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Once the signal is received, these receivers will demodulate the signal – meaning to extract the
modulation from the received signal.
AM
AM (Amplitude Modulation) is the original way of broadcasting radio. Lee de Forest and Reginald
Fessenden are given credit for the development of the technique which was carried out successfully
for the first time in the mid–1870s, its frequency ranges from 535 to 1705 KHz and the typical
bandwidth of an AM channel is 10 kHz. The name 'AM' itself gives a clear indication to the type of
modulation technique used; Amplitude Modulation. Amplitude Modulation is a modulation
technique which works is by modifying the carrier wave's strength by increasing or decreasing its
peaks in line with the variations of the input sound; the strength of the wave is known as amplitude,
through all of this the frequency remains constant – the same. This type of modulation technique is
more susceptible to noise and or interference due to the fact noise effects amplitude directly. The
change in signal strength allows the conveyance of information through the radio wave that is sent
out via a transmitter and is received by a radio device otherwise known as the receiver. When the
signal is received, demodulation takes place; this can be dealt with in two ways depending on the
device. Either a Diode AM detector will carry out the demodulation (which is

Inherit The Wind Essay
Inherit The Wind
Rachel's Quest for independence
I think Rachel was looking for the ways for her independence and willing to protect Bert during the
trial. Rachel believed that Bert was innocent.
Rachel was in love with Bert, she knew that Bert was not a criminal and she wanted him to confess
the court and the town's people that he had done wrong, and it was all a joke and he was sorry for
that. Rachel said to Bert, "Bert, why don't you tell `em it was all a joke? Tell `em you didn't mean to
break a law, and you won't do it again." This clearly shows that she was worried about him and
wanted to help him. But she knew that what he had done was bad. And she was also quite sure that
he would not win the trial against the mayor. Her ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This shows that since her childhood she had never known any comfort from her father and he had
always been cruel to her.
In court, when she was under oath, she was asked a lot of questions. Her answers from one side she
tried to tell the truth from one side, and from the other she was to protect. Bert she did not want to
do him any harm, though she knew her father would not be pleased with her answers. It was clear
she demonstrated her independent views and ideas there.
The battle between two lawyers showed that Mr. Drummond was right. He was a famous journalist
and most famous orator. He battled at the court with weighty arguments and a tremendous speech,
and he won, having destroyed Mr. Brady. Mr. Drummond's arguments and his witnesses, fifteen
scientists, thought they were not allowed to testify at the trial proved that Bert was innocent and that
Rachel's independent views were right. Rachel understood that earlier she had not really thought
very much. She said, "I was always afraid of what I might think. A thought is like a child in our
body. It has to be born.
If it dies inside you, part of you dies too!"
When Bert won they could not remain in the town, because everybody would be against Bert, and
Bert would not be able to get a job there. Though Bert won the townspeople trusted the Bible more
than science, because they were very religious. And it was quite clear they would continue to trust
the Bible.

Rachel's behaviour during the trial,

Business Proposal For Sirius Satellite Radio Inc Essay
Business Proposal for Sirius Satellite Radio Inc.
The following is a proposal for Sirius Satellite Radio to gain exclusive rights to Division 1 college
football. It examines Sirius' current business model and how this new line of programming could be
incorporated in to the existing model. Sirius Satellite Radio offers advertisement free, subscription
based, satellite radio service in the United States and Canada. Sirius was founded in 1990 as
Satellite CD Radio Inc., but, according to Radio Ink, officially changed it's name, to the current
designation, in 1999. According to Yahoo Finance, they are listed on the Nasdaq 100 under the
service industry and have the designation SIRI. The company is run by CEO Mel Karmazin. The
CFO ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Also as of December 31, 2006 Sirius also had a reported 6,024,555 subscribers. (Sirius) According
to Yahoo, Sirius is headquartered in New York, New York, and employs 772 full time employees.
According to NASA, Sirius broadcasts its content from three satellites that fly in geosynchronous,
highly elliptical orbit with a 24–hour orbital period. The elliptical path of its satellite constellation
ensures that each satellite spends about 16 hours a day over the continental United States, with at
least one satellite over the country at all times (NASA). The orbit allows the satellites to broadcast
from directly overhead the continental United States allowing for less interference from tall
buildings and trees. This does not, however, protect Sirius from competition. According to Yahoo
Sirius's direct competitors include Clear Channel Communications Inc., Cumulus Broadcasting Inc.,
and XM Satellite Radio Holdings Inc. with XM being the only satellite radio provider. The others
are traditional frequency modulation (FM) and amplitude modulation (AM) over–the–air
broadcasters. Sirius relies on a better understanding of current market trends to stay ahead of it
competitors. The current market trends seem to favor the trend of having exclusive content and
giving well know personalities their own show or channel. As a result, according to Sirius, the major
component of the Sirius

Television Bias Essay
Most of people believe that television news programs present biased information. On the other hand,
there are people who believe that TV news just states the facts, and that it is not biased. These
people who believe that TV news states the facts believe whatever they hear and see on TV. It's very
important to know how news stations can influence their viewers. Postman and Powers give a great
example in their "Television News: The Language of Pictures" article. They said, "Consider a film
clip showing an aircraft carrier at sea. One might be able to identify the ship as Soviet or American,
but there would be no way of telling where in the world the carrier was, where it was headed, or
when the pictures were taken. It is only ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They use a specific language to make their viewer believe in their viewpoints. For example, there
was a football game between Umm Salal Qatar and Al–Ittihad Saudi Arabia last year in Asian
champion league. After the end of that match, there was a fight between the two sides of the teams.
Cameras show the fight from a height distance, and they didn't zoom in. So nothing was clear for
audiences, who were watching the match on TV, they couldn't see who started the fight, or even
what was going on there. Saudi's sport channel, Al–Riadiah, in their late news, mentioned that
Qatari players started the fight. They showed a picture of a Qatari player pushing one of their
players and stated, "Here we see how Ahmed (Umm Salal Qatar player) pushes Nasser (Al–Ittihad
Saudi player), this bad behavior from Umm Salal player made our player angry and nervous"
(Rashid, 2009). In the other hand, Qatar's sport channel, Al Dawri Wa Al Kass, in their afternoon
news, mentioned that Saudi players were the one that started the fight. They interviewed with one of
their players to explain what happened on the pitch after the game. The Qatari player explained,
"Saudi player, Khalid, started saying bad words to our player Ahmed which made him nervous and
do what he did" (Mohammad, 2009).
In the previous example, Saudi's channel showed a picture of the Qatari player pushing Saudi player

Essay about Equal Opportunity, written by Walter Mosely
In this short story, Equal Opportunity, written by Walter Mosely, Socrates Furtlow, an ex–convict,
faces the dilemma of getting a job. Socrates served 27 years in prison after killing two of his friends
while drunken. Furtlow was now living life as a bumb who went around selling old bottles and cans
to make a living. This story tells his struggle to find honorable work as a black man in society
because of his background. He ended up lying on his application because he was afraid of what
people might think. Although there was discrimination and disrespect not being completely honest
with people may come back to haunt you later.
A 58 year–old man who hadn't worked in 37 years would have a hard time finding a job as it is the
fact that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"I know what you said. But first you looked at my chothes and at my bald head. First yo' eyes said
that this is some kinda old hobo and what do he want here when it ain't bottle redemption time."
(Gates and McKay p. 2626)
Everyone should have an equal opportunity in getting a job and at least a fair chance with an
application. After Socrates and Anton discussed their rights and the law the assistant manager went
to the main office to fetch and application. The elevated office looked over all the checkout counters
and where Socrates stood waiting. Socrates was then center of attention to all the bag boys and
checkers as they all knew their boss, Anton was unhappy. Anton and an older white woman
exchanged a few words then she handed him the application and he stormed back down to Socrates.
Rudely handing him the app Anton was about to go on with his day but Socrates wanted a pencil to
fill it out and give it back. He had come a long way to turn in an application not just receive a sheet
of paper and wasn't leaving until he did so. Thirty minutes later Socrates stood at the foot of the
stairs leading up to the main office with his almost completed application in hand. Nearly forty
minutes passed and he knew they could see him and he could see them but he waited patiently, on
the outside, though inside he was thinking of throwing a brick through the window. He had a few
questions for the manager, Ms. Halley Grimes, when she finally came down to take the

Implementing Radio in Somalia Essay
Implementing Radio in Somalia
Implementation of radio technology in helping underdeveloped countries is a cheap and effective
solution in spreading education, health information, and news about local and foreign affairs. Radio
can reach the most people (approximately an area of a 20 km radius) with the least amount of
money, energy and effort. In comparison to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
and Internet connectivity, radio management is easily teachable and requires less man–hours in
training; Internet technology on the other hand, while perhaps more sophisticated, requires longer
training hours and more expensive equipment. The sophistication of Internet is too advanced for
some of the more rural areas of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Success of Radio Technology around the World
Radio has been used successfully around the world to further education and promote health practices
as well as increase knowledge of local and foreign affairs to local villagers of undeveloped
countries.
Education:
Villages and communities in far removed or mountainous regions of countries lack the human and
capital resources that are needed in order to initiate and sustain educational projects; furthermore,
the cost of supplying adequate teachers, sufficient materials, and proper supervision to each
community in need is difficult for many countries to support. However, access to basic skills and
literacy education programs are crucial for improvements in the overall health, environment, and
economic status of the communities and people of those areas. This "catch 22" disallows poor
countries to grow; lack of resources and education keep these areas at a low status while rich
countries continue to grow and get richer (once again, following the "Gap" hypothesis).
RADECO (Interactive Radio Instruction) is an example of radio as a tool to further education.
RADECO provides a valuable education alternative to children not able to attend formal schools.
Education through radio helps local children (as well as adults) who don't have the time to go to
school because they need to work in the fields during the day. RADECO also alleviates costs for

Essay on Radio One
Radio one analsys
1) Why does Radio One want to acquire the 12 urban stations from Clear Channel Communications
in the top 50 markets along with nine stations in Charlotte, NC, Augusta, GA, and Indianapolis, IN?
What benefits and risks?
The Reasons for acquiring the 12 urban stations from Clear Channel could be the following:
– Bigger African American Base: It would draw more African–American listeners than any other
radio broadcaster and cover more African–American households than any other media vehicle
targeting the audience. Plus those 12 stations include a media company (BET Holdings) which
targeted the African American population by its media "Black Entertainment Television".
– Greater advertising revenue: This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
|
|2,003 |3.50% |
|2,004 |3.60% |
|2,005 |3.60% |
|2,006 |3.60% |
|2,007 |3.60% |
|2,008 |3.60% |
– There were Net Operating Losses in the initial years which we have carry forwarded it to the next
years and calculated the Losses
– Net Operating Losses Carried forwarded and the working of the same is as below:
|Operating Losses |2001 |
|Beta Assets |0.82 |
|Market Risk Premium |7% |
| | |
|CAPM |11.93% |
Based on the above assumption the Projected Cash Flows are as below:

Operating Results: |2001 |2002 |2003 |2004 |2005 |2006 |2007 |2008 | |Net Revenue |128,313
|144,460 |159,985 |175,820 |189,007 |201,292 |211,357 |219,811 | |Less: Operating Expenses |57,741
|65,007 |71,993 |79,119 |85,053 |90,581 |95,110 |98,915 | |Broadcast Cash Flow |70,572 |79,453
|87,992 |96,701 |103,954 |110,711 |116,246 |120,896 | |Less: Corporate Expense |5,080 |5,604 |5,660
|6,328 |6,803 |7,245 |7,607 |7,911 | |EBITDA |65,492 |73,849 |82,331 |90,373 |97,151 |103,466
|108,639 |112,985 | |Less: Depreciation |90,000 |90,000 |90,000 |90,000 |90,000 |90,000

Radio One Essay
| Radio One, Inc. |
Memo
To: Mr. Alfred Liggins III
From: Team 5
Date: [ November 22, 2011 ]
Re: Clear Channel Communications Inc. acquisitions
Mr. Liggins
The recent merger between Clear Channel Communications Inc. and AMFM has presented a rare
opportunity for Radio One, Inc. The proposed divestiture of Clear Channel will be the largest in the
history of the industry. Radio One, Inc. can acquire 12 established urban stations in the top 50
markets, which rarely become available. Market analyst have already speculated on the possible
acquisition, causing Radio One's stock price to rise from the mid–$40s to $97 a share! The trading
multiple is at around 30x's the forward BCF, which is substantially larger than the typical ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1999, a rare opportunity was presented to Radio One, Inc. Clear Channel Communications, Inc.
was set to merge with AMFM, creating the largest radio company in the world. Although recent
actions have relaxed the national ownership cap on the limit of stations allowed to be owned by one
entity, Clear Channel would still have to divest nearly 100 stations in 37 markets. Radio One could
acquire 12 stations from Clear Channel, which would allow Radio One to draw more African–
American listeners than any other media vehicle targeting that audience, including BET. The
acquisition would double the size of Radio One, including obtaining a station in Los Angeles, the
fourth largest African–American market in the United States.
Benefits and Risks of Acquisition The acquisition would allow Radio One to acquire stations in the
top 50 African–American markets. Radio One has always produced broadcasts that target that group,
which is the largest minority group in America. Based on the information from the case, the
African–American minority group is expected to experience 60% faster population growth than the
general population. The minority group has also experiencing 150% faster income growth between
1980 and 1995. African–Americans listen to the radio on average 24% longer than the general
population. That information is favorable to the acquisition decision, as the new markets should
experience an increase in advertising revenue. One concern is that

Talk Radio Censorship
Over the years, talk radio censorship has become a bigger issue. The FCC (The Federal
Communications Commission) has become a large part in regulating the business of talk radio due
to the fact that some people impose on some of the topics or language used during the broadcasts.
Many people find them offensive and should not be allowed to be broadcasted without some type of
notification that it is going on or is inappropriate for children or just in general. The censorship of
talk radio has become a large issue with broadcasters having "special rights" during airing, "special
rights" meaning broadcasting openly about any topic, and this could be solved by not giving people
who broadcast stations this power. The FCC has been monitoring large radio stations throughout the
country for a long time now. This organization is a seven part group which is all run by Frank R.
McNinch, who used to be the chief of the Federal Power Commission (Rockwell 217). This
organization is primarily a licensing and monitoring assembly, which has technical regulatory
powers. The licenses they give out are only valid for a period of time, and then must be renewed.
These licenses decide the power and coverage the station has to broadcast on (Rockwell 218). These
guidelines are very strictly enforced by the FCC because of how the public has reacted to some of
the situations that have occurred. The FCC has also created criteria which has a "public mandate"
that they are instituting into

Annotated Bibliography Of A Correspondence
Authoritative correspondence Mississippi College Avinash Reddy Poddutoor Theoretical The
consideration of patients now definitely appears to include various people, all expecting to impart
tolerant data and talk about their administration. As an outcome there is expanding enthusiasm for,
and utilization of, data and correspondence advances to bolster wellbeing administrations. Yet, while
there is critical discourse of, and interest in, data advances, correspondence frameworks get
significantly less consideration and the clinical appropriation of considerably easier administrations
like voice message or electronic mail is still not ordinary in numerous wellbeing administrations.
There stay huge crevices in our wide comprehension of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Presentation: The consideration of patients now definitely appears to include a wide range of people,
all expecting to impart quiet data and examine their administration. As an outcome there is
expanding enthusiasm for, and utilization of, data and correspondence advancements to bolster
wellbeing administrations. Without a doubt, if data is the soul of medicinal services then
correspondence frameworks are the heart that pumps it. Yet, while there is huge dialog of, and
interest in, data innovations, correspondence frameworks get considerably less consideration. Whilst
there is some critical propelled research in very particular ranges like telemedicine, the clinical
reception of significantly easier administrations like phone message or electronic mail is still not
typical in numerous wellbeing administrations. Quite a bit of this would change in the event that it
were all the more generally understood that the greatest data storehouse in health awareness sits in
the leaders of the individuals working inside it, and the greatest data system is the intricate web of
discussions that connection the activities of these people. There stay colossal holes in our wide
comprehension of the part of correspondence administrations in social insurance conveyance. Lab
solution is maybe significantly more ineffectively considered than numerous different regions, for
example, the interface between essential consideration and

The Impact Of Television On The Television Industry Essay
Whilst much of television's history has relied on specific industrial practices established early in the
1960s, the turn of the century has introduced significant changes to the medium of television. The
current position of television, defined by Lotz as the 'post–network' era, illustrates an evolution from
these early industry practices. For the most part, scholars agree that this transition was caused by
changes in the industrial norms of producing, financing, and distributing television, many of which
can be attributed to the arrival of digital technologies. This essay will argue that these changes
throughout the television industry have created a new, distinctive era of television culture.
First and foremost, Lotz provides valuable insight into the distinguishable eras of television
development. The resulting three eras are defined as the 'network' era, 'multi–channel transition' and
'post–network' era (7). The 'network era', which spanned roughly from the early 1950s to the mid–
1980s, governed industry operations and created a television experience which characterizes much
of the medium's history. This era was characterized by adapting radio–network modes of content
creation, distribution, advertising, and audience measurement to the context of the then–new
televisual medium. Dominated by a 'three–network oligopoly' network system– comprised of ABC,
NBC and CBS– critics have often condemned the network era as 'bland' due to its strict censorship
and limited creative

Advantages And Disadvantages Of FDMA (MAC)
FDMA, WDMA and CDMA can be categorized as a class of communication protocol known as
deterministic protocols in medium access control(MAC). The problem presented to us is how to
access a communication medium in such a way that transmissions from different users will not
interfere with each other or at least keep the interference, if any, to a minimum degree so that users
can reliably communicate with their intended destinations. The full name of the mentioned multiple
scheme are as follows:
FDMA – Frequency division multiple access
WDMA – Wavelength division multiple access
CDMA – Code division multiple access
In deterministic protocol, users know exactly when transmission is allowed in the shared channel as
some sort of a regulation or rule ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the reason that FDMA is still in use in modern age. The use of equalizer is not necessary.
Less vulnerable to near–far problem compared to other multiple access schemes. Require fewer bits
for overhead purposes such as synchronization and framing compared to TDMA.
Disadvantages: Assigned channel is unique to each user, thus no sharing can occur to increase
capacity. FDMA system have higher cell site system costs as compared to TDMA system. Require
duplexer in the system. FDMA requires tight RF filtering to minimize adjacent channel interference.
Noise Effect on FDMA, WDMA & CDMA
As the radio communication field expands, traffics have been piling up and problem of noise and
interference can no longer be ignored. Noise is unwanted signal that enters the system and causes
distortion to the desired signal, thus degrading the quality of the intended signal. Noise can be
categorized into external and internal noise whereby external noise is mostly generated from man–
made source while internal noise is usually contributed by the vibrating of atoms such as thermal
noise. In this session we will discuss how noises arises from different multiple access

Marketing Analysis : Rental Bicycle System And Street...
As I mentioned in the introduction, JCDecaux is a company based in France, Paris known for its
billboard advertising, rental bicycle system and street furniture. The company was founded in 1964
by Jean–Claude Decaux and JP Singh Pannu. The company has expanded since then in more than 50
countries. When it comes to position in the market, JCDecaux is considered by many experts to be
the first outdoor advertising company in the world. One of the main advantages that JCDecaux has
is its position in the market. The company is considered to be the world leader in furniture
advertising (428 000 advertising panels) and transport advertising. There are also the European and
worldwide leaders in billboard; a position that was previously held by competitor Clear Channel.
They have more also signed deals with 160 airports in the world and have many contracts with
metro (underground) and trains stations.
One of the biggest advantages that it has on JC is the fact that Clear channel is well established in
the north American market whereas JCDecaux is more centred in Europe and Asia. JCDecaux is
only 4th in the North American market. (Annual report, 2013)
However in this report we will only be focus on just one activity which is Outdoor advertising with
billboards.
Outdoor Advertising has many advantages such us:
People can see it 24/7, it is cheaper to run when comparing against TV or radio and it also has an
advantage because it can reach people who don't watch TV or don't use

Media Reflection Paper
Today the life revolves around media, it is on people's phones, media decorate their walls, and for
some media is their job. Since media is such an inescapable part of the modern landscape it is
significant that we as individuals understand how the media works and how it affects us. In this
course, the nature of the media has been unraveled to reveal the ways that it has impacted society
and how it has done this. This class has made me became more critical of the media in my life and
now even without thinking I recognize patterns, and in some cases toxic themes in the media I
consume. Looking back on this semester and what I have learned I can see that I have become more
media literate in many ways, primarily in the areas of awareness and analysis. I have become more
aware of the way media is constructed. Some things that have stood out to me since I have started
this course is for example the other day when I flew into the ST. Louis airport after Thanksgiving
break one of the monitors in baggage claim said that it was "CLear Channel TV" before this course I
do not know what clear channel was and I knew that the entertainment business was an oligopoly
but I did not realize the extent. Seeing this was a moment of realization, that what I read was real,
this one company has its hands in every pot. I have also noticed how much media means to people, I
was speaking to one of my friends and I mentioned that I thought marvel was better that DC and she
became very upset at me. It occurred to me that being a DC comics fan was a part of her identity,
before I knew that people took entertainment personally but it was not actively looking for it. I have
increased my ability to analyze the media I consume, now I am more aware of the way industries
target audiences. One of the easiest ways this can be seen is in commercials, advertisers make there
for a specific audience, video game commercials are a good example Game of Wart has a woman in
its commercials who speaks in an alluring voice and invites audiences to come join her. She is there
for the male gaze, men are the desired customers that companies look for, so she is there as a way of
saying that this game will make the player feel special and receive the

Media Bias In Politics
Today's media has displayed countless ways they show media bias. Many channels have depicted a
different side to one story and base information on a political party in which the channel supports.
Each news source has one goal, and that is to state what will make the chosen party to have a good
platform for the public to see. In the series of events that have occurred recently one can see how
different news sources have pushed for what each channel believes is the main point needed to be
crossed and have shared beliefs in either a liberal or conservative way. One of the greatest popular
topics being watched closely is the 2016 presidential election. In a current event Donald John
Trump, running for President as a republican, spoke his thoughts ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Since CNN has such a strong democratic opinion as well as CBS, CNN can take what CBS has put
out as a report and manipulate the situation as well as make the story more juicy than the other
network. CNN shows bias in this event by being very one sided only showing how wrong Trump
was about this situation. In a CNN article by Eugene Scott states after Trump have his statement of
abortion punishment that, "Donald Trump reversed his position on abortion, arguing that federal
laws should not be changed to outlaw abortion (CNN)," focussing on bashing Trump for his wishy
washy ways to trt people to to turn against him. What both CNN and cbs fail to report is that Donald
Trump was asked if the procedure was made illegal would there be punishment. This shows how the
mainstream media can leave out information they think is not neccasary for people to

REAL 92.3: Company Analysis
Origin of Company The radio station is REAL 92.3, and has been in existence since 1952. There, it
operated as "KFAC", a classical music radio station until the summer of 1989, where it was bought
by Evergreen Media. It was then changed to "KKBT 92.3 The Beat", and played adult rock, dance
music and adult contemporary. The changed station failed, and went through a number of other
genres before developing into urban contemporary in 1991. In 1999, the company that owned the
radio station merged with Clear Channel Communications Inc. and was renamed "KCMG Mega
92.3". At this point KCMG Mega 92.3 had moved from playing urban contemporary to urban oldies
and finally to AC oldies. The station would not become known as "REAL 92.3" until February of
2015, when iHeartMedia, the holding company of Clear Channel Communications Inc., announced
that the station would go back to being urban contemporary. iHeartMedia, the conglomerate that
owns REAL 92.3, started in San Antonio 1972 with one radio station. Then known as Clear Channel
Communications Inc., it would branch out of pure broadcasting and into billboard advertising in
1997. There it swelled to massive size seemingly instantaneously, and in 1999 ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
As a radio station, it can then be assumed that REAL 92.3 plays hip–hop and R&B. This is
supported by looking at the "Playlist" page of its website – where it shows the most recent songs
played on the station. As of this writing, the first three artists are 50 Cent (a rapper), Sean Paul (a
rapper) and Meek Mill (a hip–hop artist). Going from the moment that the radio station changed
from playing rhythmic oldies to urban contemporary (February 6, 2015 at 9:23 AM), the station sees
itself as "real" (much like its moniker) as opposed to "fake". Quoting the artist marking the change
at the time, "No more playing around! No more kissing up to that fake–a**

Dolby Surround Sound
Take the idea of home entertainment to an entirely different, and highly more satisfying, realm. The
Sony STR K660P 5.1 channel 70–watt receiver is an essential part of a great home theater system.
The digital cinema sound system boasts magnetically shielded speakers. This means that there is
minimal humming on the high treble and little vibration on the deepest bass notes. It also has a
built–in STR–K660P receiver and an SS–VE66P speaker package. The set of speakers includes left,
right, and center units. Each speaker has padded feet to prevent vibration when it operates at high
volumes on uneven surfaces. You can set up your Sony system in a way that works for your
lifestyle. The subwoofer's acoustic waves are non–directional, so it can be placed in any convenient
location. The kit includes foot pads for the subwoofer's feet. This reduces vibration and helps to
keep the unit balanced on uneven surfaces such as carpeting. Get lost in an audio experience like
you have never experienced at home with 70 watts of pushing power. This type of amplification will
no doubt deliver thumping bass and crystal–clear treble. The Dolby Digital Pro Logic and Dolby
Surround Sound ensure balanced tone and even distribution of the sounds in rooms up to 500 square
feet in size. This Sony str–k660p receiver offers dual channel operation. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The remote uses two AA batteries to transmit its signal from up to 30 feet away. With the remote,
you can change the radio station frequency, switch from one preset channel to another, or change the
mode of operation. You can also pause, repeat, or skip songs. This Sony str–k660p also comes with
an owner's manual. The manuals offer instructions on how to connect your electronics to the input
and output ports. The manual also includes troubleshooting tips so that you can get the most from
your Sony receiver. This Sony model operates on standard 120 voltage of alternating

Short Essay On Costa Rica
As these assignments continue I seem to come at a crossroad to find legitimate information about
television in Costa Rica. Yet I was able to find some type of information and hope that what has
been discovered is credible. What I learned was that Costa Rica has free press and a large television
following. Television has become Costa Rica focuses on original programming, dubbed American
programs and international shows that have gotten a strong following. Costa Rica has various
channels and their first ever channel was Canal 7 (Telecita) which was created in 1958.
According to Telecita.Com they have several programming known as novellas by the name of Elif,
La Chucara and Probe Gallo. While they play these in the morning and midafternoon, later ... Show
In novellas, family with various members are a staple within their programming as well as sexual
expression. Costa Rica is a country where they are enamored with the human body and does not
hide it away from the audience Most of the novellas portray women in tight fitting clothes, makeup,
hair and a damsel in distress situation. Similar to the ideal of a American Disney princess. However,
the women then tend to be highly passionate, fiery and strong tongue. this is not the same case for
media or the audience. The United States a country that likes to claim its freedom places multiple
boundaries in their media. Recently, a Disney movie was released called Beauty & The Beast and it
created a strong backlash due to a gay character by the name of LeFou. Some towns in the United
States have banned for the movie completely or stated that a student under the age of sixteen cannot
see the movie. This is not a problem in Costa Rica, and it is planned to be the summers highest
opening weekend. This demonstrates that the lack of restrictions of programs in Costa Rica and how
open the Costa Rican locals are. I had seen the movie a weekend before and the hints are very small
and only become relevant in one of the last scene in the movie. Once you get past the small details
toy can view the movie with an open clear mind. This is just one example of a worldwide film that is
being scrutinized by different

Radio Techniques For A Efficient Wireless Network
Radio Techniques to enable energy– efficient wireless network
Pramod Kumar Rapolu Vikas Reddy Bontha
SIU #853243613 SIU#853245274
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Southern Illinois University Carbondale
Abstract–In the recent times, researches show that all wireless networks are not energy–efficient
than what we expect to be, especially the base stations through which the terminal access takes
place. In order to overcome and solve this problem Mobile Virtual Centre of Excellence (VCE) has
performed a project named Green Project in the year 2009 and the main aim of this project is to
overcome all the problems and to develop a process which is going to save energy in future wireless
systems. This paper deals with the technical parts of the project and details several other current
energy consumption models in the base station devices. This article also provides some good ideas
in reduction of the energy consumption for the future radio base stations which helps to reduce the
burden on the network providers.
INTRODUCTION
In the recent days there is rapid growth in the mobile telephony or mobile users that leads to the
higher–data– rate mobile broadband and increased services of information technology which in turn
consumes overall energy usage of the world. It is our main objective to reduce the energy
consumption of radio access networks. For example, a mobile network in UK consumes
approximately

Management Human Relations Works of Chester Barnard, John...
Marlon Wijesekara PA 642 Fall 2010 Final Paper During trying economic times, it is important to
study how to organizations could be restructured for them to become more efficient; to accomplish
more with less. As MPA students, we will be faced with such decisions in our professional careers;
to combine, allocate and restructure our organizations to become more effective. In this paper, I will
use three hypothetical fire stations which would be consolidated into one using the concepts from
the Human Relations frame. I will mainly focus on the executive functions of the Fire Station and
give more weight into explaining what my recommendations are to the executive to make this
consolidated fire station more effective. I have specifically ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
These "group Norms" are essential to the effectiveness of the organization and I believe that it is the
task of the superiors to bend these Norms in favor of the organizational effectiveness. Understanding
how group norms develop and why they are enforced is important for two reasons. first, group
norms can play a large role in determining whether group will be productive or not. If the work
group feels at superiors are supportive, groups norms will develop that facilitate efficiency and
productivity. Daniel Feldman looks into these group norms and goes onto explain how these norms
could affect an organization. Why do these Norms exist? Feldman explains that these norms are
develop to protect the group from external interferences and harassments. When a group forms a
"we feeling" it is to maximize the efficiency of the group as a whole and to reduce faliure. I
recommend that it is vital for the Fire chiefs to make sure that the newly consolidated employees
develop this we feeling in the organization. A new identity should be formed; even the basics such
as a new uniform, new logo and new mission statement could help these new subordinates develop a
new identity. Motivation of employees is also a key issue in organizing an entity. According to
Tannenbaum and Massarik, all superiors of an organization are faced with the problem of extracting
services and contributions from their subordinates at a high level of quality and efficacy. These

Communication And Safety Analysis
Just like law enforcement and fire rescue, EMS capabilities are capable of handling many different
types of situations. EMS holds a contract with Gold Cross EMS for services. There are 6 sub
stations located throughout the area which are available 24–hours a day. Workers are capable of
handling patients that are critical care to simple wheelchair transportation. The vehicles are also
equipped with state of the art communication centers which track the ambulances and convalescent
units by UHF vehicle locaters (Brogdon, 2017). As mentioned before there are 5 civilian hospitals
within the county and one military hospital. Only one hospital is level I regional trauma center
though. In addition to the hospitals, there are 8 Urgent care ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Columbia County also has an early warning system called CodeRED that notifies public residents
and businesses by telephone or cellular phone about emergency situations (Columbia County GA,
News, 2017). This system is capable of sending out the notification to specific neighborhoods or the
community as a whole. This system can be accessed through smartphones free of charge in the app
store. Once the app is downloaded, users can select the types of alerts they wish to receive as well as
set a warning radius. Furthermore, community, emergency and missing person alerts can also be
received. For a fee of $.99, weather warnings can also be added, but is not required. The app is
designed to provide alerts messages based on the physical GPS location of the smartphone device.
Overall, this is a great technical resource to rapidly deliver incident–related information or
instructions to targeted audiences. Television news stations are also a great way to inform the public
and get early warnings issued. Columbia County has the following local news channels: WJBF–TV
(Channel 6), ABC WRDW–TV (Channel 12), CBS WAGT–TV (Channel 26), NBC WFXG–TV
(Channel 54), Fox WRDW–DT, UPN WEBA–TV (Channel 14), PBS WCES–TV (Channel 20),
PBS WBEK–TV (Channel 16), Independent WBPI–TV (Channel 49), Independent (Columbia
County GA. TV/Radio, 2017)

Analysis Of Radio Cultures: The Sound Medium In American Life
In Radio Cultures: The Sound Medium in American Life, author Michael C. Keith and a
professional team of contributors examine the history and profound cultural impact radio
broadcasting had on the United States. Radio broadcasting as a media form grew in popularity after
being introduced in 1920 and transitioned to regular broadcasting following World War I. By the
mid 1920s radio broadcasting was the primary way most Americans received news and information,
it was also the number one form of leisure. Keith shares his insight on how radio broadcasting
brought women into the public sphere. In the 1920s, women were still being raised to become
housewives and those who sought to have a career of their own were belittled. With the emergence
of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The demand for music and radio to be portable introduced the audio cassette player. Digital audio
was developed in the late 1970s and along with it came 8 tracks, cassettes and the compact disk. The
mid 1970s introduced Clear Channel as the first instance of streaming radio. Clear Channel played
FM radio, AM radio and got paid for advertising to listeners. In the early years of the Internet
USENET was the dominant file sharing platform for music and the first to introduce "Internet Talk
Radio". The first live radio streaming on the Internet was in 1995. The passage of the
Telecommunications Act of 1996 eliminated all restrictions on radio station ownership whereas
before a business couldn't own more than 12 FM stations and 12 AM stations. Today's most popular
online radio service is Pandora Radio, which has a database of 800,000 songs, listened to by over
80,000,000 registered users. Author Matthew Lasar describes the age of Pandora. Pandora Radio
was launched in 2005 and allowed users to stream and customize individual's accounts. Pandora is
an adjusting program that allows users to like, dislike or skip songs and then uses that information to
select what music to play next. Pandora Radio allows listeners to choose what music they want to
hear however there was debate on weather it constituted as "radio" because it lacked certain

What Is The Characterization Of The Little Prince
Identification with the Little Prince's Fox Throughout the short children's novel, The Little Prince by
Antoine de Saint–Exupery, the Little Prince encounters a variety of different characters, all showing
him or teaching him something about life. My favorite character and the one that I can connect to
most is the Fox. The fox enlightens him on what it is truly is to be tamed. He shows him that you are
responsible for whatever you have tamed, whether it be a pet, a person, or even a rose. When the
Little Prince first stumbled across the fox, he would not go anywhere near him. The fox informed
him that if he wanted to get to know him, he would have to have patience and tame him. He then
further explained how he has never been tamed before, and requested that the Little Prince would do
so. Little by little, each day the Little Prince would get closer and closer to the Fox, at last being
able to pet him. The Fox grew to anticipate seeing the Little Prince at the same time daily, located in
the same place. He grew to love the Little Prince, leading them to establish ties. The Little Prince
was not just any little boy to him anymore. Now that the Fox was tamed, it is time for the Little
Prince to leave. The Fox begins to weep and the Little Princes worries that taming the Fox did not
do him any good. However, the Fox goes onto explain that because of him the golden color of the
wheat fields will bring him joy, because it evokes memories of the Little Prince's

Dominant Price Leadership
ICFAI UNIVERSITY, DEHRADUN NAME: KEDAR SINGH TOMAR IUD No: 0901201057 IBS
No: 09BS0001057 Course Name: MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS Course Code: SLEC501 Faculty
Name: DR. ANIRVINNA C. Date of Submission: 08TH SEPTEMBER 2009 Topic of the
Assignment: DOMINANT PRICE LEADERSHIP Student Signature Faculty Signature
DOMINANT PRICE LEADERSHIP Dominant price leadership exists when a. one firm drives the
others out of the market. b. the dominant firm decides how much each of its competitors can sell. c.
the dominant firm establishes the price at the quantity where its MR = MC, and permits all other
firms ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Four Million milestone is not just a significant one for Dishtv but also symbolizes the
successful growth of the Indian DTH industry. Dishtv has always been a forerunner in bringing new
marketing innovations and going forward the company will initiate certain steps to rationalize the
package offerings which may include charging of service tax etc. directly from the subscriber.
Adding to its array of interactive value added service, dishtv launched the innovative Interactive
Banking Service "ICICI ACTIVE" in association with ICICI Bank. This service enables Dish TV
viewers to access information on ICICI Bank products and services, from the convenience of their
homes. To celebrate the festive spirit of Diwali, Dishtv launched "BHAKTI ACTIVE". Dishtv
subscribers can now get Live Gurbani from Bangla Sahib and Nanded Sahib, Aarti of Sai Baba from
Shirdi & Ganesh Aarti from Siddhi Vinayak, Mumbai, Aarti from Tirupati Balaji, Live Ganga Aarti
from Haridwar and Bhasm Aarti of Mahakaal from Ujjain. Dishtv customers can now get blessed at
the press of a button in the comfort of their home 24X7. Dishtv added 3 new channels on its
platform. This addition will further enhance Dishtv's strong bouquet of general entertainment, news,
sports and regional channel offering to its discerning subscribers. The company had added a record
5.29 Lakh

Report On Cellular Systems And Computer Science
Report on Cellular Technology
Submitted by,
Ganesh Babu kavuri
Under the guidance,
Bijan Karimi Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science Tailgate School of
Engineering University of New Haven
Serial# Topics
1. Objective
2. Cellular Concepts and basics
3. Cellular system Architecture
4. Multiple Access schemes for cellular system
5. Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
6. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)
7. Single Carrier– Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC–FDMA)
8. Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
9. TDMA Frame
10. TDMA Evolution
11. Global System for Mobile (GSM)
12. GSM Network Architecture
13. Interim Standard–136
14. Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
15. TDD FDD Duplex Schemes
16. Cellular handoff
17. Summary
18. References
OBJECTIVE
Cellular systems are widely used today and cellular technology needs to offer very efficient use of
the available frequency spectrum. With billions of mobile phones in use around the globe today.
Cellular refers to a network technology that facilitates mobile device communication over areas
comprised of cells and transceivers, which are also known as base stations or cell sites. In a cellular
network, the most widely used mobile transceivers are mobile phones, or cell phones.

Comparison Of News And ABC News
News broadcast is fundamentally a method in which information can be most quickly transmitted to
a large audience, and regardless the commercial or public roots of the broadcast the basic structure
of the news bulletin remains unchanged. However when taking the key differences in ownership,
financial funding and intended audience into account, the differences in content and delivery of
news are made apparent. To more closely illustrate the specific differences that can be found we will
be comparing the public broadcasts of Triple J and ABC News with the commercial broadcasts Gold
FM and Seven News where the disparity in news priorities is most evident. Gold FM and Triple J
are both FM stations that take advantage of their stereo quality to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Although the selection of stories has a definite impact, with ABC choosing many serious stories that
would be more suited to its serious, sombre tone, of news reading, it can be seen in their respective
stories on Bronwyn Bishop that Channel Seven while using sound effects with its twitter snapshots.
ABC instead opts for the comedic aspect to be shown through an interview while quickly segueing
to the further political implications. Ultimately all news items presented on both television and radio
are newsworthy and as each bulletin is looking to cater towards a different audience, they have been
compiled with different intentions so it cannot be said that one news bulletin is superior to another.
Depending on the news and issues that are important to said audience a different news bulletin will
be sought

Nt1210 Basic Service Set
Wireless LANs have expanded greatly and rapidly in recent years. The expansio¬¬¬¬¬n has caused
many benefits to the end users but at the same time it has introduced problem of overlapping BSS
(Basic Service Set) where BSS (i.e. WLAN cells) is fundamental block of IEEE 802.11 WLAN
architecture. OBSS occurs due to two or more unrelated BSSs are used at the same place, at the
same time and with the same frequency channel. With the expansion of channel bandwidth to 80
MHz (may be, 160 MHz) in upcoming standards, the OBSS problem is likely to be very severe in
the future. This paper examines how OBSS can be harmful to the networks and how it can be
avoided using beam forming, distributed coordination across different APs, and power management.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The problem becomes intense when there are many OBSS using the same channel. The wide range
WLAN usage has caused "tragedy of commons" problem especially at public places. OBSS cause
problems such as low efficiency, higher congestion and low data rate. OBSS is a problem for 802.11
when it is intended to use for applications which require QoS. EDCA does not solve this problem as
it does not require other BSSs to coordinate. Admission control only solves bandwidth allocation
problem within a single network and does not address OBSS [2]. POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS A
number of solutions have been recommended in the past up to today to reduce potential interference
due to OBSS problem. Frequency channel assignment can be a solution where BSS, during initial
setup, scans the area to avoid channels that are already being used at other BSSs in the same area
[1]. This solution can be useful only if the network has been carefully designed. Second solution can
be dynamic channel switching. Channel switching has the same concept like frequency channel
assignment but it periodically checks for any OBSS situation. If an AP detects other BSS on the
same channel then it will switch to different channel. A third solution can be falling back to narrow
band mode when two BSSs operate on the same channel [1]. So, if two BSSs found to be operating
on same 80 MHz channel (in case of 802.11ac), they both can fall back to two different 40

Medical Field Experience
I have been extremely fortunate to have had many experiences in the medical field. My
involvements include volunteering at a free street clinic, in a geriatric psychiatric department,
mission trips, and go so far as teaching basic medical skills to my work colleagues. Through it all, I
have learned invaluable lessons and expanded my skills in the medical field. With all the times I
have helped to provide medical care and training to patients, friends and colleagues, there is one
moment that shines brighter than the rest. I was the only emergency medical technician (EMT)
available during a medical emergency at sea, and was called upon to put my skills to the test. It was
my chance to help save a life in a dire situation.
As a member of the US ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the help of several fellow shipmates, we were able to time the waves just right and lift him
from the fishing vessel to our CG boat. On the ride back to the station, where an ambulance was
waiting to take the elderly man to the hospital, I continuously monitored his condition, checked his
vitals, and made sure he was as comfortable as possible, all while the boat was getting tossed around
by the waves. Though there was a language barrier, I made a conscious effort to constantly reassure
the gentleman that he was going to be

The Benefits of XM Radio Essay
The Benefits of XM Radio Over the years, many people all over have listened to the radio for
entertainment and information. Radio supplies news, sports, music, talk, and many other options
with great ease. However, since television has become so popular lately, people look to it as an
alternative to radio for the previously stated options. The reason for this can be linked to the
redundancy that radio has encountered by not offering anything new and exciting for people to
become interested about. Now, XM radio has solved this problem by giving people something new
to look forward to by offering their services to anyone who wants to try something new. XM Radio
uses satellites positioned in space to allow people to listen to the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Using fiber optics and computer servers for digital audio signal processing proves another
improvement in technology ("XM Studios" 2002). This will replace "traditional metallic wiring"
that FM and AM radio uses ("XM Studios" 2002). The overall sound quality of the music will be
increased due to this change because there is less chance of the wiring becoming damaged by the
weather and normal wear–and–tear. There is an abundance of genres of music and information that
FM radio supplies already, but XM Radio will supply the people with an easier way to access their
favorites. There will be over 300 channels available for the units, which will be separated by the
genre of music, news, and comedy. These music channels include jazz, blues, classical, rock, pop,
folk and others ("Programming" 2002). Lee Adams, XM's Chief Programming Officer and
Ringleader says that there will be multiple 24–hour business and financial news stations from
Bloomberg News Radio, CNBC, CNN, USA TODAY, CNET, and BBC ("Programming" 2002).
This multitude of well–organized stations will allow listeners to pick and choose the specific station
that they want to listen to because of the displayed station on the unit. These displays will make it
much easier for people to choose what station they want to listen to, unlike

Print Media Press
46. Print Media (Press). The Government of India Act of 1935, gave a large measure of self–
government to Indians but none of the major newspapers were owned or edited by Muslims .
However, when Indian Muslims began to organize and rally to the political platform of the All–India
Muslim League, concerted efforts were made to develop a strong press to support the Muslim
national cause. A number of Muslim owned newspapers were established. Two English–language
newspapers, Morning News in Calcutta and Dawn in Delhi, began publishing in 1942. In the late
1930s, the first Indian Muslim news agency, the Orient Press of India, was founded. Important
events unfolded as under: –
a. On the eve of independence, however, only four major Muslim owned newspapers existed namely
Pakistan times, Zamindar, Nawa–I–Waqt, and Civil and Military Gazette, all located in Lahore. A
number of Muslim newspapers moved to Pakistan, Dawn began publication as a daily in Karachi on
the day of independence in 1947. Other publications were also shifted to Pakistan including the
Morning News and the Urdu–language dailies Jang and Anjam .
b. The National Press Trust, a nonprofit organization that is a major newspaper publisher, was
established by businessmen in 1964 and taken over by the government in 1972. The two major news
agencies in Pakistan are the Associated Press of Pakistan and Pakistan Press International. The
Associated Press of Pakistan was taken over by the government in 1960.
c. In the

Categories for The MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks
The MAC Protocols for wireless sensor networks are divided into two categories:
1. Contention–based: The Contention based protocols are used to avoid the hidden terminal
problem. But the problems with these are idle listening, collision avoidance, and overhearing. IEEE
802.11, S–MAC are examples of this category
2. Reservation–based: TDMA protocols are based on reservation and scheduling. They have less
energy–consumption compared to Contention based Protocols. Bluetooth is an example of TDMA
based protocol
A. IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function
IEEE 802.11(DCF) is widely used contention–based protocol in wireless sensor networks. The DCF
is a random channel–access scheme where every station begins its transmission based on ... Show
Besides there is possibility of re–transmission of collided packets
The above three reasons are major sources for energy–wastage in conventional protocols They are
avoided in Sensor MAC using two techniques: Periodic Sleeping and Adaptive Listening
Periodic Sleeping:–
Node must first listen to their neighboring nodes before starting their own listen and sleep schedules
.There are two options for the Sensor Node
1. If the sensor node listens the schedule of any of the neighboring node ,then it becomes follower
2. If the sensor node doesn't listen to any schedule from the neighboring nodes then it frames its own
schedule and becomes Synchronizer. It broadcasts its own schedule
If the nodes don't aware of each other, Periodic Neighboring node discovery solves the problem
Advantages
Due to Periodic Sleeping there is Reduction in Energy Consumption
Disadvantages
Due to periodic sleeping increase in latency occurs
Adaptive Listening:–
Adaptive Listening reduces the delay caused by Periodic Sleeping. In this technique, if the node
overhears its neighbor's transmission, it wakes up at the end of transmission for a short period of
time. if

Radio One Case Study Essay
Part 1: In 2000, Radio One, Inc. sees strategic opportunity in the opportunity to grow through
acquisition, following a Clear Channel divestiture mandated by the FCC. The divestiture poses the
opportunity to Radio One to acquire twelve (12) urban stations that are in the top 50 African
American markets in the U.S. Even though the company saw tremendous growth through
acquisition over the prior decade, this unique situation has the potential to generate significant
shareholder value and further increase market dominance. If they choose to acquire these 12
channels, along with 9 other stations in a separate acquisition, it would double the size of Radio One
and give it a national presence in the largest African American markets. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
8,092 | + Depreciation | 17,073 | 17,073 | 17,073 | 17,073 | = FCF | 33,216 | 37,304 | 42,334 | 47,771 |
Part 2: Estimate of New Markets Net Income | | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | Broadcast Cash Flows
(BCF) | 136,034 | 158,249 | 180,786 | 205,920 | – Corporate Expenses | 6,900 | 7,935 | 9,125 | 10,494
| – Depreciation | 107,500 | 107,500 | 107,500 | 107,500 | = EBIT | 21,634 | 42,814 | 64,161 | 87,926 |
– Taxes (35%) | 7,572 | 14,985 | 22,456 | 30,774 | = Net Income | 14,062 | 27,829 | 41,705 | 57,152 | |
| | | | Estimate of NWC and Change of NWC | | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | Current Assets | | | | | –
Current Liabilities | | | | | = Net Working Capital (NWC) | 32,078 | 36,115 | 39,996 | 43,955 | | | | | |
NWC as a percentage of revenues | 25% | 25% | 25% | 25% | | | | | | | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | Net
Revenues | 128,313 | 144,460 | 159,985 | 175,820 | Change in Net Working Capital | 3,543 | 4,037 |
3,881 | 3,959 | | | | | | Capital Expenditures | | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | CAPEX for existing business
| 4,683 | 5,619 | 6,743 | 8,092 |

Analysis Of The Article ' Gop Fox Circus Act ' By Reed...
In the article "GOP–Fox Circus Act", Reed Richardson argues that although both the GOP and Fox
have conservative political values, they are ultimately harmful to each other's agendas because of
their differing political goals. Both organizations are lacking popularity in recent years so they are
struggling to find new ways to gain an audience. The GOP wants to find a way to get their ideas to a
wide variety of people, whereas Fox is promoting more liberal views to increase the ratings of their
programs. On one hand, the GOP's reputation is hurt by the inaccuracy of Fox's reporting. On the
other hand, Fox is tied down by the conservative views of the GOP, thus restraining Fox from
gaining a larger audience. Journalist Reed Richardson wrote this article for The National, a liberal
newspaper, in 2013, so the events and issues that he is speaking of are still relevant to this day. Due
to the differences of political views between the author and the subject matter, there is plenty of
room for biased statements and opinions. Does Richardson provide enough evidence of the harmful
effects of the Fox and GOP relationship? Richardson clearly and meticulously establishes the
problems that both organizations face in the pursuit of their political goals with the use of statistics,
reliable sources, and thorough evaluation of events; however Richardson constantly provides the
reader with a biased argument when discussing the current state of Fox. Richardson successfully
portrays the

Bixi Essay
BIXI GOES TO NEW YORK The Public Bike System Company (PBSC) was a private company
operating Bixi, a bike–sharing service in Montreal, Canada. Bike sharing systems had seen rapid
global growth in the recent years, and the equipment used for the Bixi system was considered as one
of the best available on the market. Because of this, Bixi–based systems had been sold to a number
of cities in the past two years, including MinneapolisSt–Paul, Melbourne, Washington D.C.,
London, Toronto, and Boston.
PBSC, along with Alta, a Portland–based company specialized in the implementation and the
management of bike–sharing systems using PBSC proprietary technology, was involved in a bid to
sell a bixi–based system to the City of New ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
THE PUBLIC BIKE SYSTEM COMPANY AND THE BIXI SYSTEM
The development of the Bixi system started with a decision made by the Montreal city council to
provide the city with a bike sharing system. The decision was part of "Reinvent Montreal": an
ambitious program that aimed to significantly reduce automobile dependence by 2020. Initial
funding was provided for the project, with the expectation of the system to become self–sufficient
within a year of its launch.
Contrary to other cities that outsourced their systems to outside operators, Montreal was to run the
system itself. A system run and operated by the city could provide greater coordination with the bus
and subway system, which was perceived as an important advantage. The program was also to be
funded through membership fees: opportunities for advertisement revenues (which are typically
used to cover the operating expenses of bike sharing systems) were estimated to be too limited in
Montreal to offer a viable option. The mandate for the bike–sharing system was given to the
Montreal Parking Authority.
The Montreal Parking Authority was considered less bureaucratic than other city departments, and it
was believed that they were in a position to move the project forward within a short timeframe. It
also had the advantage of being knowledgeable about the transit system.
It was Roger Plamondon, President and CEO of the Montreal Parking Authority, who was in charge
of the project. To fulfill his mission,

Difference Between Gsm And CDMA
Difference between GSM AND CDMA .
This term paper is a comparison (difference) between two technologies which brought revolution in
the field of mobile communication i.e GSM and CDMA . Firstly in the term paper , history of both
of these technologies , GSM and CDMA is introduced along with their brief terminology . After the
history construction , working and its application is discussed and compared . Finally the main
difference in both the technologies i.e GSM and CDMA is summarized to complete the term paper .
CDMA and GSM are the two types of technologies or way used in cell phones for transmitting the
digital signal over the air . CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access as from the name it is
clear that in this technologies the radio frequency are divided so that multiple user can access the
same wireless spectrum . GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communication as from the
name it is clear that
History of GSM and CDMA . ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1982 Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) formed a study group named Groupe
Spécial Mobile this is the place were GSM begins . Seven year later it was ETSI (European
Telecommunication Standards Institute) , who takes the responsibility to develop GSM in 1989 .
Finally ETSI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute) published the phase – 1
specification of GSM in 1991 . It was a revolution in mobile communication , in just 2 years GSM
claimed near about 37 distinct networks which spreads over 22 nation

How The Show Dancing With The Stars ( New Zealand ) Essay
According to Lealand and Martin (2001), despite outer differences, each element of television is
connected in a way. For example, the schedule provides a controlled grid to organise strands genres,
genre groupings connect across programmes and programmes connect to nearby programmes
(Lealand & Martin, 2001). Moreover, every individual element of a television programme connects,
in some way, to the producers purpose of the show (Lealand & Martin, 2001; Horrocks, 2004).
Thus, each feature of a programme is considered in terms of the appeal to its target audience and
genre. This essay will analyse how the TV3 show Dancing with the Stars (New Zealand) is
structured and produced to suit the purpose of the show and appeal to the target audience.
Furthermore, reinforcing the idea that programmes have a motive for every individual element in
their structure. Firstly, the genre of Dancing with the Stars, time–slot in schedule, and the aspects of
its television station have influence in the show's target audience and purpose (Creeber, 2008). This
influence of target audience can also be seen when analysing the structure of the show. Furthermore,
the producer uses various production techniques to appeal to the audience. Thus, by looking at the
different aspects of Dancing with the Stars it's clear to see the relationship between the production
and structure of the show, with the intended audience. Moreover, the show effectively validates the
sense that every aspect of television

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