The document discusses various structural design objectives and systems including reinforced concrete, masonry, precast concrete, and floor beam-slab systems. It provides the basic design relationship that the reduction factor multiplied by the material capacity must be greater than the load factor multiplied by the actual loads. Reduction factors are less than 1 and applied to moments, shear, etc., while load factors are greater than 1 and applied to live, dead, wind, and earthquake loads. It also provides criteria for determining if a slab system is considered a one-way slab and how to calculate loads and moments for slab design. An example is given to check the design of a reinforced concrete slab.