Brick Masonry, Advantages of Masonry, Principle In Brick Masonry Construction, Technical Terms In Brick Masonry, Bonds In Brick Masonry, Method of bonding New Brick work with old, Expansion and Contraction joint, Reinforced Masonry Walls
Brick Masonry, Advantages of Masonry, Principle In Brick Masonry Construction, Technical Terms In Brick Masonry, Bonds In Brick Masonry, Method of bonding New Brick work with old, Expansion and Contraction joint, Reinforced Masonry Walls
General Information of Retaining Walls about its type, design and functionality; This file does not comprise of detail study of the Retaining Walls but for a startup it may help students!!!
This Presentation about Brick Masonry with a Beautiful Slides. This presentation covers - Brick Masonry Definition, Type of Bricks, General Principals, Bonds of Bricks, Other Bonds, Junction in Walls, Bonds in Pires, Retraining Wall, Design of Retraining Wall, Strength of Brick Masonry, Reinforced Brickwork. Hope You Enjoy!
▶️ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/JoynulAbadinRasel
☕ Buy me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/JoynulAbadinR
Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE or reinforced soil) is soil constructed with artificial reinforcing. It can be used for retaining walls, Bridge Abutments, Seawalls, and Dikes.
Beam and collunm less framwork fo huge construction of multistrey buildings with high strenght and econamy. Best suited for countries lkies India and helpful to achive the goal of gov of India to provide homes to all the citizens .
General Information of Retaining Walls about its type, design and functionality; This file does not comprise of detail study of the Retaining Walls but for a startup it may help students!!!
This Presentation about Brick Masonry with a Beautiful Slides. This presentation covers - Brick Masonry Definition, Type of Bricks, General Principals, Bonds of Bricks, Other Bonds, Junction in Walls, Bonds in Pires, Retraining Wall, Design of Retraining Wall, Strength of Brick Masonry, Reinforced Brickwork. Hope You Enjoy!
▶️ YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/JoynulAbadinRasel
☕ Buy me a Coffee: https://www.buymeacoffee.com/JoynulAbadinR
Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE or reinforced soil) is soil constructed with artificial reinforcing. It can be used for retaining walls, Bridge Abutments, Seawalls, and Dikes.
Beam and collunm less framwork fo huge construction of multistrey buildings with high strenght and econamy. Best suited for countries lkies India and helpful to achive the goal of gov of India to provide homes to all the citizens .
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1. What is foundation? and purpose of foundation?
A foundation is the element of a structure which connects it to the ground, transferring loads
from the structure to the ground.
Purpose of foundation are:
• To distribute the load of the structure over a large bearing area so as to bring intensity
of loading within the safe bearing capacity of the soil lying underneath.
• To load the bearing surface at a uniform rate so as to prevent unequal settlement.
• To prevent the lateral movement of the supporting material.
• To secure a level and firm bed for building operations.
• To increase the stability of the structure as a whole.
What is sub-surface investigation?
The subsurface investigation is the primary method for gathering the data to generate a report
of geotechnical engineering recommendations. Subsurface investigations include the
sampling and examination of the below surface materials including soil, rock, groundwater
and any manmade materials.
What is sub-surface investigation?
Laboratory test of soil is to measure the shear strength of the soil Direct shear test Triaxial
compression test Unconfined compression test Vane shear test Depending upon the drainage
conditions. There are three types of tests Unconsolidated-Undrained condition Consolidated.
Method of sub-surface investigation.
• Conventional Soil Borings
• Test Pits
• Cone Penetrometer Testing
Bearing Capacity of soil.
The capacity of soil to resist external load applied to it. In simple terms, it is the capacity of
soil to support the load without failure.
In other words, bearing capacity of the soil is defined as the maximum coverage contact
pressure between the foundation and the soil which should not produce shear failure in the
soil.
Methods of determining bearing capacity
• Presumptive Analysis
• Analytical Methods
• Plate Bearing Test
• Penetration Test
• Modern Testing Methods
• Centrifuge Test
2. Define load on foundation?
Dead load:
This is the sum of loads comprising the self weight of the structure, footing , foundation and
load of materials used for the various components of a building such as walls, floors, roofs
etc. All permanent loads are included in dead loads.
Live load:
This is the movable load on the floor and hence it is variable. It is also known as super
imposed load. It includes the load of persons standing on a floor, weight of the materials
temporarily stored on a floor, weight on roof etc.
Wind load:
In case of tall buildings, the effect due to wind should be considered. The exposed sides of
walls and roofs of the buildings are subjected to wind pressure.
Define brick masonry.
An assemblage of bricks properly bounded together in mortar is called brick masonry or brick
work. Or the art of brick laying in mortar in such a manner as to form a well united mass
known as brick work or brick masonry.
Purpose of frog.
The frog reduces the amount of material used to form the brick, makes it easier to remove
from the form, and gives the completed wall better shear resistance. It may also help heat
reach the centre of clay bricks in the kiln.
Define Bond? Any three bonds.
Bond, in masonry, systematic arrangement of bricks or other building units composing a wall
or structure in such a way as to ensure its stability and strength.
Stretcher Bond.
In this type of Bond all the bricks are laid as stretchers, that is length wise, This bond is used-
in half brick thick walls.
Header Bond
In this bond, all the bricks are laid all headers. The elevation of the wall laid in header. This
bond is used for curved surfaces in work such as well lining or well foundation etc.
English bond
This is the most common and popular bond and is used in most of the structures. The
English bond consists of alternate layers of headers and stretchers. That is to say, one layer
will be of stretchers and the other layer of headers.
3. How we can improve weak soil?
The following techniques can be used for improving bearing capacity of soil as per the site
condition.
• Increasing depth of foundation
• Draining the soil
• Compacting the soil
• Confining the soil
• Replacing the poor soil
• Using grouting material
• Stabilizing the soil with chemicals
Mortar? Function of mortar?
Mortar is a workable paste which hardens to bind building blocks such as stones, bricks, and
concrete masonry units, to fill and seal the irregular gaps between them, spread the weight of
them evenly, and sometimes to add decorative colors or patterns to masonry walls.
The main functions of mortar are:
• Mortar acts as adhesive, binding the bricks or stones together in the solid mass.
• To protect the joints of the structure.
• To protect the surfaces of brick and stone masonry.
• To create an even bedding layer in between the different courses of masonry works
and distribute the loads evenly on the lower layers.
• To form a matrix to hold the pieces of the stone together and form the mass of
concrete.
• To fill the joints between the bricks or stones for making then water tight and to
mould.
• To improve the appearance of the structure.
How we can use admixtures?
Admixtures are used in concrete to alter its properties in various ways. Some common uses
include improving workability, increasing or decreasing cure time, and increasing concrete
strength. Admixtures can also be used for aesthetic reasons, such as to change the color of the
cement.