The document discusses the differences between statements and questions. Statements are telling sentences that provide information and do not start with question words, while questions ask something by starting with question words like who, what, when, where, why, should, could, how, did, does, do, can, are, is, may, which, was, would, were. The document provides examples of statements and questions and has exercises to identify whether examples are statements or questions based on these distinguishing characteristics.