The document discusses quality assurance in translation. It proposes using checklists tailored to specific languages and sampling techniques like defect pooling to measure translation quality. Statistical methods can estimate defects remaining in a project. While quality control reviews entire texts, quality assurance assesses samples to determine if quality targets are met. The optimal quality level balances quality, time and cost from the customer's perspective.
An efficient approach to query reformulation in web searcheSAT Journals
Abstract Wide range of problems regarding to natural language processing, mining of data, bioinformatics and information retrieval can be categorized as string transformation, the following task refers the same. If we give an input string, the system will generates the top k most equivalent output strings which are related to the same input string. In this paper we proposes a narrative and probabilistic method for the transformation of string, which is considered as accurate and also efficient. The approach uses a log linear model, along with the method used for training the model, and also an algorithm that generates the top k outcomes. Log linear method can be defined as restrictive possibility distribution of a result string and the set of rules for the alteration conditioned on key string. It is guaranteed that the resultant top k list will be generated using the algorithm for string generation which is based on pruning. The projected technique is applied to correct the spelling error in query as well as reformulation of queries in case of web based search. Spelling error correction, query reformulation for the related query is not considered in the previous work. Efficiency is not considered as an important issue taken into the consideration in earlier methods and was not focused on improvement of accuracy and efficiency in string transformation. The experimental outcomes on huge scale data show that the projected method is extremely accurate and also efficient. Keywords: Log linear method, Query reformulation, Spelling Error correction.
Translation as an Act of Communication, Rosario DuraoRosário Durão
Class given for the M.A. students in Translation at Lisbon University's Faculty of Letters, by invitation of the "Language, Discourse and Translation" course professor, Margarita Correia, Ph.D.
An efficient approach to query reformulation in web searcheSAT Journals
Abstract Wide range of problems regarding to natural language processing, mining of data, bioinformatics and information retrieval can be categorized as string transformation, the following task refers the same. If we give an input string, the system will generates the top k most equivalent output strings which are related to the same input string. In this paper we proposes a narrative and probabilistic method for the transformation of string, which is considered as accurate and also efficient. The approach uses a log linear model, along with the method used for training the model, and also an algorithm that generates the top k outcomes. Log linear method can be defined as restrictive possibility distribution of a result string and the set of rules for the alteration conditioned on key string. It is guaranteed that the resultant top k list will be generated using the algorithm for string generation which is based on pruning. The projected technique is applied to correct the spelling error in query as well as reformulation of queries in case of web based search. Spelling error correction, query reformulation for the related query is not considered in the previous work. Efficiency is not considered as an important issue taken into the consideration in earlier methods and was not focused on improvement of accuracy and efficiency in string transformation. The experimental outcomes on huge scale data show that the projected method is extremely accurate and also efficient. Keywords: Log linear method, Query reformulation, Spelling Error correction.
Translation as an Act of Communication, Rosario DuraoRosário Durão
Class given for the M.A. students in Translation at Lisbon University's Faculty of Letters, by invitation of the "Language, Discourse and Translation" course professor, Margarita Correia, Ph.D.
Consistent high quality is the hallmark of a reliable localization company. Irrespective of deadlines and volumes, translations should be made professionally and thoroughly - they should be relevant, full and coherent. Language quality assurance is therefore one of the key processes to ensure the high quality of deliverables.
The material of the presentation is the content of new ASTM (www.astm.org) work item WK46397, which is currently in the process of discussion by ASTM working group F43 (Committee on language services and products).
JUS 455 Final Project Milestone Two Guidelines and Rubric MoseStaton39
JUS 455 Final Project Milestone Two Guidelines and Rubric
Overview: This milestone will become the first draft for part of your final project, a larger case study ethical analysis. As the course progresses, your
understanding of these questions will increase.
For this assignment, answer these questions about the scenario you selected in Milestone One to address the following:
I. Scenario
Select one (1) of the scenarios and answer the following questions.
A. Identify the ethical dilemma raised by the facts and explain what the ethical dilemma is.
B. What makes this dilemma ethical? What ethics does this dilemma challenge?
C. Describe the factors that led to the dilemma. How can these factors inform your course of action?
D. What implications should be considered when determining your course of action? Why?
Guidelines for Submission: Your case study ethical analysis needs to be 1–2 pages in length, double-spaced, using 12-point Times New Roman font, and follow
APA guidelines.
Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (85%) Needs Improvement (55%) Not Evident (0%) Value
Scenario: Ethical
Dilemma
Meets “Proficient” criteria and is
well qualified with concrete
examples
Identifies the ethical dilemma
raised by the facts, and explains
what the ethical dilemma is
Identifies the ethical dilemma
raised by the facts, but does not
explain what the ethical dilemma
is
Does not identify the ethical
dilemma raised by the facts
20
Scenario:
Ethical
Meets “Proficient” criteria and
demonstrates a nuanced
understanding of ethical
implications
Determines what makes the
dilemma ethical and what ethics
it challenges
Determines what makes the
dilemma ethical, but does not
address what ethics it challenges
Does not determine what makes
the dilemma ethical
20
Scenario:
Factors
Meets “Proficient” criteria and
describes specific instances
where factors can inform the
course of action
Describes factors that led to the
dilemma, and how factors can
inform a course of action
Describes factors that led to the
dilemma, but does not address
how factors can inform a course
of action
Does not describe factors that led
to the dilemma
20
Scenario:
Implications
Meets “Proficient” criteria and
supports response with specific
examples
Identifies implications that should
be considered when determining
a course of action, and defends
response
Identifies implications that should
be considered when determining
a course of action, but does not
defend response
Does not identify implications
that should be considered when
determining a course of action
20
Articulation of
Response
Submission is free of errors
related to citations, grammar,
spelling, syntax, and organization
and is presented in a professional
and easy-to-read format
Submission has no major errors
related to citations, grammar,
spelling, syntax, or organization
Submission has major error ...
A data driven approach to translation outcomesSmartling
Measuring translation quality is a persistent challenge for the localization industry. As the amount of multilingual content created every year continues to grow, translation quality becomes critical for achieving desired business goals and requires a predictive assessment at the center of the translation process.
These slides of our latest webinar "A data driven approach to translation outcomes" challenges the presumption that translation quality cannot be quantitatively measured and examines the data that is needed to improve modern translation management strategies. The unparalleled transparency made possible by data enables global brands to make shrewd evaluations of translators.
Smartling’s newly-launched Quality Confidence Score™ (QCS) is a prediction of expected accuracy based on the analysis of more than 75 behavior-based success factors. As a result, the QCS™ can identify and predict the likelihood of careless translations, and it can inspire strategic workflow adjustments based on metrics gathered and analyzed throughout the translation process, allowing customers to gain reliable and actionable insights to optimize their business in real time.
Watch the webinar recording: https://www.gala-global.org/ondemand/data-driven-approach-translation-outcomes
Read on: https://info.smartling.com/symptoms-broken-localization-process-ebook
The TAUS Quality Dashboard is an industry-shared platform in which translation evaluation and productivity data is visualized in a flexible reporting environment. Users can create customized reports or filter data to be reflected in the charts. Both internal and external benchmarking is supported, offering the possibility to monitor one’s own development and to compare results to industry highs, lows and averages.
Main Industry: Enterprise Mobility
Domain: Web and Mobile Application
Services: enterprise mobile software testing, mobile value added services testing, mobile security testing and handset testing
Language Quality Management: Models, Measures, Methodologies Sajan
With growing content, shorter release dates and many target languages, it’s important for global companies to have a process in place to track and measure translation effectiveness. Learn how big companies like Microsoft, Snap-on Diagnostics and Symantec manage translation quality.
Delivered at Machine Translation Summit during a special workshop on post-editing.
November 3rd 2015
Miami, Florida.
In this talk, we describe the latest advances in the world of commercial and academic machine translation development that are having the effect of improving acceptance of the technology and keeping its users happy.
Consistent high quality is the hallmark of a reliable localization company. Irrespective of deadlines and volumes, translations should be made professionally and thoroughly - they should be relevant, full and coherent. Language quality assurance is therefore one of the key processes to ensure the high quality of deliverables.
The material of the presentation is the content of new ASTM (www.astm.org) work item WK46397, which is currently in the process of discussion by ASTM working group F43 (Committee on language services and products).
JUS 455 Final Project Milestone Two Guidelines and Rubric MoseStaton39
JUS 455 Final Project Milestone Two Guidelines and Rubric
Overview: This milestone will become the first draft for part of your final project, a larger case study ethical analysis. As the course progresses, your
understanding of these questions will increase.
For this assignment, answer these questions about the scenario you selected in Milestone One to address the following:
I. Scenario
Select one (1) of the scenarios and answer the following questions.
A. Identify the ethical dilemma raised by the facts and explain what the ethical dilemma is.
B. What makes this dilemma ethical? What ethics does this dilemma challenge?
C. Describe the factors that led to the dilemma. How can these factors inform your course of action?
D. What implications should be considered when determining your course of action? Why?
Guidelines for Submission: Your case study ethical analysis needs to be 1–2 pages in length, double-spaced, using 12-point Times New Roman font, and follow
APA guidelines.
Critical Elements Exemplary (100%) Proficient (85%) Needs Improvement (55%) Not Evident (0%) Value
Scenario: Ethical
Dilemma
Meets “Proficient” criteria and is
well qualified with concrete
examples
Identifies the ethical dilemma
raised by the facts, and explains
what the ethical dilemma is
Identifies the ethical dilemma
raised by the facts, but does not
explain what the ethical dilemma
is
Does not identify the ethical
dilemma raised by the facts
20
Scenario:
Ethical
Meets “Proficient” criteria and
demonstrates a nuanced
understanding of ethical
implications
Determines what makes the
dilemma ethical and what ethics
it challenges
Determines what makes the
dilemma ethical, but does not
address what ethics it challenges
Does not determine what makes
the dilemma ethical
20
Scenario:
Factors
Meets “Proficient” criteria and
describes specific instances
where factors can inform the
course of action
Describes factors that led to the
dilemma, and how factors can
inform a course of action
Describes factors that led to the
dilemma, but does not address
how factors can inform a course
of action
Does not describe factors that led
to the dilemma
20
Scenario:
Implications
Meets “Proficient” criteria and
supports response with specific
examples
Identifies implications that should
be considered when determining
a course of action, and defends
response
Identifies implications that should
be considered when determining
a course of action, but does not
defend response
Does not identify implications
that should be considered when
determining a course of action
20
Articulation of
Response
Submission is free of errors
related to citations, grammar,
spelling, syntax, and organization
and is presented in a professional
and easy-to-read format
Submission has no major errors
related to citations, grammar,
spelling, syntax, or organization
Submission has major error ...
A data driven approach to translation outcomesSmartling
Measuring translation quality is a persistent challenge for the localization industry. As the amount of multilingual content created every year continues to grow, translation quality becomes critical for achieving desired business goals and requires a predictive assessment at the center of the translation process.
These slides of our latest webinar "A data driven approach to translation outcomes" challenges the presumption that translation quality cannot be quantitatively measured and examines the data that is needed to improve modern translation management strategies. The unparalleled transparency made possible by data enables global brands to make shrewd evaluations of translators.
Smartling’s newly-launched Quality Confidence Score™ (QCS) is a prediction of expected accuracy based on the analysis of more than 75 behavior-based success factors. As a result, the QCS™ can identify and predict the likelihood of careless translations, and it can inspire strategic workflow adjustments based on metrics gathered and analyzed throughout the translation process, allowing customers to gain reliable and actionable insights to optimize their business in real time.
Watch the webinar recording: https://www.gala-global.org/ondemand/data-driven-approach-translation-outcomes
Read on: https://info.smartling.com/symptoms-broken-localization-process-ebook
The TAUS Quality Dashboard is an industry-shared platform in which translation evaluation and productivity data is visualized in a flexible reporting environment. Users can create customized reports or filter data to be reflected in the charts. Both internal and external benchmarking is supported, offering the possibility to monitor one’s own development and to compare results to industry highs, lows and averages.
Main Industry: Enterprise Mobility
Domain: Web and Mobile Application
Services: enterprise mobile software testing, mobile value added services testing, mobile security testing and handset testing
Language Quality Management: Models, Measures, Methodologies Sajan
With growing content, shorter release dates and many target languages, it’s important for global companies to have a process in place to track and measure translation effectiveness. Learn how big companies like Microsoft, Snap-on Diagnostics and Symantec manage translation quality.
Delivered at Machine Translation Summit during a special workshop on post-editing.
November 3rd 2015
Miami, Florida.
In this talk, we describe the latest advances in the world of commercial and academic machine translation development that are having the effect of improving acceptance of the technology and keeping its users happy.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
2. Overview
Technical translation and quality
Translation quality initiatives
Quality Control vs. Quality Assurance
Our proposal for quality assurance
Checklists
Sampling techniques
Conclusions
Importance of cost/benefit factors
3. Translation Quality Initiatives
ISO 9002
EUATC Quality Standard
DIN 2345
ASTM Standard for Language Translation
SAE J2450
LISA QA Model
Academic translation theories and studies
Private sector methodologies
4. Product & Process Assessment
Translation quality assessment must apply to both:
The translated text
(the “product”)
The translation process
(the “process”)
5. QC vs QA
Quality Control (QC)
Quality verification over the whole text.
Example: editing.
Quality Assurance (QA)
Sampling techniques, control of quality over a
(statistically significant) sample of the whole text.
Example: quality measurement.
6. Why is Quality Measurement Important?
You can’t manage what you can’t measure
It is difficult to improve something if you cannot
measure it.
Such measurement should be repeatable and
objective.
Different persons should arrive at similar assessment
for the same piece of translation.
7. Our Definition of Quality
Functional approach to quality
Different views of translation lead to:
Different concepts of quality
Different assessments
Quality is defined as meeting the needs and
expectations of the customer or user.
8. Customer-driven Considerations
Conformance to specifications
Customer’s vs. One’s own
Fitness for use
How well the translation performs its intended purpose
Value ( = quality & price)
How well the translation performs its intended purpose
at a price customers are willing to pay
Support
E.g.: Printing, testing
Psychological impressions
E.g.: In-country translators; certification
10. Quality Measurement: Our Proposal
What Can Other Disciplines Teach Us?
Use checklists to collect the data
Identify types of errors, issues or problems
Determine relative importance of issues (may be different for
different languages; e.g., spelling errors in English, French or
Italian)
Use sampling techniques to assess your quality level
Determine percent thresholds for various levels of quality
Determine whether you have achieved your target quality or not
11. Use of Checklists
There are several quality assessment methodologies that rely
on the use of checklists – among these the LISA methodology.
Quality Assurance Form
Language: Reviewer: Date: Result: Pass Comments:
Client Name
Project Name
Project Number
Project Manager
Critical max. error points + 1
Number of words 0 Major 5 points
Max error points allowed 0 Minor 1 point
Error Category Minor Major Critical total max. allowed
Mistranslation 0 0 0 0 0
Accuracy 0 0 0 0 0
Terminology 0 0 0 0 0
Language 0 0 0 0 0
Style 0 0 0 0 0
Country 0 0 0 0 0
Consistency 0 0 0 0 0
Total 0 0
More elaborate descriptions of the error criteria can be found in the LISA QA model version 1.0 Reference Manual.
12. Use of Checklists
There are several quality assessment methodologies that rely
on the use of checklists – among these the LISA methodology.
We would like, however, to advocate the use not of “universal”
checklists, but of checklist specifically tailored to each language.
Checklists for evaluating translation companies
Checklists and tests for evaluating translators
Checklists for evaluating translations
Limitations of universal checklists
Language specific checklists (example, different weight of
spelling correctness for different languages)
14. Defect Counts
Useful to obtain a quantitative measurement of how
much QC work to do.
Ratio of new defects to defects solved.
Statistics on Effort Per Defect
In order to estimate the scope of the defect correction work, it
is necessary to have good data on the time necessary to fix
the various types of defects
15. Defect Density Prediction
One way to judge whether the QC work on a
translation project is complete is to measure its defect
density (the number of defects per page, per 1,000
words or per screen).
16. Defect Pooling
Defect pooling is a simple defect prediction technique
that separates the defects found in a translation
sample into two pools.
Depending on the number of defects found in either of
the two pools (but not in both) it is then possible to
estimate the defects that have not been found in the
sample.
This number can then be used to estimate the number
of defects in the entire project.
17. Defect Seeding
Defect seeding is a statistical technique in which a
sample of a population is extracted and used to estimate
the total population.
The technique works by deliberately inserting (“seeding”)
defects in a complete translation that will be QCed.
The ratio of the seeded defects found compared to the
total number of defects seeded provides a rough
estimate of the total number of translation defects yet to
be found.
A common problem with this type of technique is
forgetting to remove the errors deliberately inserted.
18. Inspection Points
Key Principle: Reject “defective material” at its lowest value
Proof
$ Value of Service
SL Edit
Content
Development
(GIGO) Translation
Stages of Production
20. Importance of Quality
Quality as a Competitive Weapon
Good Quality
Higher Profits Cost Time
Good quality of
Quality
translation (product) and
service (process)
can pay off in higher profits
Improving on quality can reduce costs and
speed up time-to-market
21. Cost/Benefit Analysis
Quality 90
80
measurements
70
are a tool to
T im e o r M o n e y
60
determine the 50 Investment
optimal level of 40 Value Added
quality. 30
20
10
They could help 0
us identify a 1 2 3 4 5
cut-off point. Quality Level
22. Contacts
Riccardo_Schiaffino@aliquantum.biz – Aliquantum, Inc.
Franco.Zearo@lionbridge.com – Lionbridge Technologies, Inc.
For more information about translation issues, visit
TranslationQuality.com
23. Biographical Notes on the Authors
Riccardo Schiaffino
Riccardo Schiaffino worked as translator, translation manager and special software
translation project lead for a major software company, and now leads a small
company he established with a few experienced colleagues. As a translation
manager, Riccardo worked on the improvement of translation quality and on
translation quality metrics and tools. He holds an MA degree in Translation, and has
been working in translations for over 20 years, first in Italy and then in the U.S.
Riccardo is ATA accredited.
Franco Pietro Zearo
Franco Pietro Zearo is a project manager with Lionbridge Technologies in Boulder,
Colorado. He holds a degree in translation from the Advanced School of Modern
Languages for Translators and Interpreters at the University of Trieste, Italy, and
earned an MBA from the University of Phoenix. Before joining Lionbridge in 1996, he
worked as a freelance technical translator in Italian, English, and Russian. At
Lionbridge, he has held positions in translation, localization analysis, presales, and
cultural and globalization consulting. He has been responsible for translation quality
on numerous projects for many Fortune 500 clients. In his previous role as senior
technical translator, he helped define best practices for the translation department.