This document discusses teacher training and education policies, budgets, and financing in Pakistan. It provides background on education policies since 1947 and outlines objectives of improving quality of teacher education. It describes budget allocations for teacher training under various national plans, with the majority allocated to in-service versus pre-service training. Financing by the Higher Education Commission and provincial budgets for teacher education are also examined, showing increases over time but lack of facilities at training institutes.

1. QQ Hariri
Topic: Teacher Training &
Education
2589157386
Registration no; Name:
Planning, Budgeting &
Financing

2. From the traditional notion of
Teaching to the broader concept
of Teacher Training & Education
Hariri qqmail.com Harir

3. REVIEW OF PLANS
AND POLICIES WITH
RESPECT TO
TEACHER TRAINING &
EDUCATION
Professional Development
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4. Objective:
 The Study will lead to improvements in new
generations of policy and practice
 It will give Standard-settings for teacher
education activities, teacher certification and
accreditation.
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5. Introduction
 Education policy refers to the collection of laws
and rules that govern the operation of
education systems
 Education is a social function thus it serves the
society, which maintains it
 Education for an independent sovereign state
is almost different from a dominated nation
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6. Background
 Pakistan Education Conference 1947
 opening of pre-primary schools and provision of
proper training of teachers.
 Governing teacher education were first
articulated in the National Education Policy of
1992
 Improving quality by reclaiming teachers role in
the teacher-learning process
 The quality of instruction would be raised through
an extensive in-service teachers’ training program
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7. Teacher Education
 National Education Policy 1998-2010 regarding Teacher
Education is:
 To create a matching relationship between the demand and
supply of teachers
 To increase the effectiveness of the system by institutionalizing
in-service training of teachers, teacher trainers and educational
administrators
 To upgrade the quality of pre-service teacher training programs
by introducing parallel programs of longer duration at post-
secondary and post-degree levels
 To make the teaching profession attractive for young talented
graduates, by institutionalizing a package of incentives
 To develop a viable framework for policy planning and
development of inservice and pre-service teacher education
programs; and
 To provide for management training of educational administrators
at various levels (Ministry of Education 1998).
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8. Education Sector Reforms
Education Sector Reforms Action Plan 2001-
2005-06
 Improvement in Quantity and Quality
 National Education Assessment
System(NEAS)
 Teacher Resource Centers(TRCs) for teachers
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9. International Commitments
 Pakistan has been the first country to develop a national fifteen-year
Plan of Action for Education For All
 National Plan of Action (NPA) 2015 outlines many issues regarding
Teacher Supply, Training and Supervision.
 The NPA highlights the additional need for 118,000 teachers up to
2015
 The EFA NPA recommendations to teacher education including:
 A relaxation of qualifications for teachers in inaccessible areas together
with special incentives,
 In-service training to allow for its provision every three years rather than
every five years
 a scaling up of best practices through the replication of mobile teachers
training, Professional Development Centers (PDCs) and TRCs
 Reforms of pre-service teacher training
 Revision of curricula and textbooks, and
 Improvement of teacher training institutions and their facilities (Ministry
of Education 2001).
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10. Lack of facilities!
 National education policy (1998-2010) pointed
out that the teacher education institutes are
lacking facilities like
 Equipment
 Furniture
 learning materials and updated technology
 books and other helping aids
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11. BUDGET
ALLOCATION FOR
TEACHER TRAINING IN
PAKISTAN
Professional Development
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12. Budget for Teacher Education &
Training
 The primary institution for pre-service training of teachers at the federal
level is the Federal College of Education, Islamabad.
 The total budget of the College is in the vicinity of Rs. 37.50 million. The
budget has been increased by 7 per cent in 2010-11 over the previous year.
 Nearly 78 per cent of the allocated budget will be spent on the salaries of
the employees. In every year since 2008-09, the percentage share of
employees-related expenses has been increasingly incrementally.
 The federal government has allocated Rs. 2.1 million for Technical Panel on
Teacher Education. The federal government is also implementing a national
program of Teacher Training Institutions (TTIs) and for the training of
elementary school teachers across Pakistan under CIDA is Rs. 1.50 billion
been allocated for the four provinces.
 The largest proportion of this allocation will go to Punjab (Rs. 705.09
million) followed by Sindh (Rs. 351.87 million), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Rs.
260.59 million) and Balochistan (Rs. 181.84 million). The pace of this
program has been very slow resulting in low utilization
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13. Overall Provincial Education
Budget
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14. Educational budget
Categories
 Current Budget
 Regular expenditure(salaries, allowances, retirement benefits,
transfers..) and operating costs(communications, utilities, occupancy
costs, traveling..)
 Development Budget/Expenditure
 Finite cost (Development schemes)
 Authorities
 MoE
 Four Functional Grops
 Education Division
 Higher Education Commission
 Education
 Federal Government Educational Institutions in the capital and federal
areas(FGEIs)
After 18 amendment the MoE and Education Division authorities are placed
under Capital Administration and Development Division(CADD)
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15. Arrangement of Education budget

16. Budget Allocation for Teacher
training in Pakistan in Plans
 Under the ESR, an estimated Rs. 2,500 million
were allocated for creating 500 TRCs for the
period 2001-2004-05.
 Allocation for teacher training is:
 24 percent is marked for pre-service teacher training
 76 percent is for in-service teacher training
 Similar trend is observed over the past years,
indicating that a higher priority is attached to in-
service teacher training
 Budget for teacher training and education has been
increasing consistently over the past four years in the
four provinces of Pakistan
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17. Provision of Budget
it is indicated in 2000 that the budget of Education
should be raised with respect to improvement in:
 Providing complete teaching staff
 Cooperation from community, teacher’s
commitment towards professional obligations,
 provision of funds, grants and proper physical
facilities
 Supervisory system
 Motivational and professional training of teaching
staff.
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18. Allocation of Budget on Teacher
Education
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19. Graphical Representation of 7
plans
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20. FINANCING ON
TEACHER TRAINING AND
HEC
Professional Development
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21. Introduction
 An amount of Rs 18,490.00 million was
allocated to 154 development projects of the
universities and Higher Education Commission
(HEC). Rs 14.787 billion have been released
and Rs 10.351 billion utilized showing 70%
utilization
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22. HEC Financing
 HEC Spending relation to GDP – GOP Budget
and Total education spending 2001/02 2004/05
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23. Financial Provisions
 National education policy (1998-2010) pointed out
that the teacher education institutes are lacking
facilities like
 Equipment
 Furniture
 learning materials and updated technology
 books and other helping aids
 Huge governmental financing has become
essential to provide new services like
 Guidance and counseling
 Vocational bias to secondary education and
 to equalize educational expenditure
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24. Investment in Teacher Education and
Training
 Investment in teacher education and training is crucial for improving
the quality of students' learning
 Funds are allocated every year for pre- and in-service teacher
training
 In 2011-12, the provincial budget for teacher training lies in the
vicinity of Rs. 3.18 billion, which shows an increase of 47 percent
over previous year's allocation. This represents an additional
allocation of Rs. 351 million for pre-service and Rs. 662 million for
in-service teacher training.
 The increase in allocation for pre-service teacher training will be
largely absorbed in employee-related expenses of elementary
teacher training colleges. These expenses have been increased by
about Rs. 333 million; from Rs. 397.56 million in 2010-11 to Rs.
731.38 million in 2011-12.
 The major portion of increase in the inservice teacher training will
be absorbed in allowances, travel and transportation, and purchase
of furniture and fixture. Regular allowances have been increased by
about Rs. 558 million; from Rs. 296.44 million in 2010-11 to Rs.
854.398 million in 2011-12
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25. Expenditure
 The total expenditure of the government on education raised from
2.2% to 4% in the year 2002-3
 The teacher education expenditure has improved steadily and
consistently from a level as low as 55 percent in 2007-08 to a high
level of 96 percent in 2010-11
 In the past, the underutilization is almost wholly attributed to in-service
teacher training.
 The high expenditure in the current fiscal year is mainly attributed to
excess expenditure on regular allowances and transport in in-service
teacher training, though still 16 percent of the allocated budget could not
be utilized.
 On the contrary, utilization has been quite high in pre-service teacher
training.
 The elementary teacher training colleges have incurred excess
expenditure for the past three years, mainly on account of employees'
salaries and allowances.
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26. References & Sources:
 Pakistan Bureau of Statistics (2011). Pakistan
Social and Living Standards Measurement
Survey 2011, Islamabad
 Pakistan Education Task Force (2011), Education
Emergency Pakistan, Islamabad
 Annual Status of Education Report 2012
 Government of Pakistan (2009), National
Education Policy, Islamabad
 I-SAPS (2010), Public Financing of Education in
Pakistan: Analysis of Federal and Provincial
Budgets, Islamabad.
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