Quality control involves testing and inspecting work after completion to ensure it meets standards, while quality assurance aims to reduce errors before work through planned activities. Quality control can identify failures, showing quality assurance needs improvement.
Quality assurance confirms products will meet requirements through measures reducing errors before and during work. Some quality assurance processes may be verified through quality control testing.
Liquid penetrant inspection is a nondestructive testing method where a penetrant is applied to enter surface-breaking defects, removed, then a developer reveals defects.
Siddhitech Engineering Private Limited (SEPL) is an engineering firm that has been in operation since 1998 under different names. It undertakes turnkey industrial projects involving mechanical, civil, structural fabrication and erection work. SEPL aims to expand its services nationally and internationally while maintaining high professional standards and customer satisfaction. The document provides details of SEPL's projects, capabilities, services and quality policy.
G.UmaMaheswaran has over 18 years of experience as a welding inspector. He has inspected welds and performed failure analysis for various projects in India and other countries like Angola, Saudi Arabia, and Abu Dhabi. His responsibilities include reviewing drawings and standards, verifying material specifications, qualifying welders, and inspecting welding, fabrication, and installation work according to codes and specifications. He is experienced in visual inspection, dimensional checks, and coordinating non-destructive testing.
K.VIJAYAKUMAR CV FOR FIELD ENGINEER- PAINTING INSULATION FIREPROOFING04122014KANNAIYAN VIJAYAKUMAR
This document is a CV for K. Vijayakumar summarizing his experience and qualifications for the role of Field Engineer - Painting, Insulation & Fireproofing. He has over 18 years of experience in insulation, painting and piping projects across Singapore and India. He holds various technical certifications and has worked on major projects for companies like Dyna-Mac Engineering Services, Austin Energy, and Lloyd Insulations in roles like Site Engineer, Resident Engineer, and Site Supervisor.
N. Srinivasan provides a summary of his career experience in welding inspection and non-destructive testing over 12 years. He has worked on various oil, gas and power projects. His roles have included quality control welding inspector, third party inspector, and engineering inspection roles. He lists his educational qualifications as a Diploma in Mechanical Engineering with First Class Honors and various welding and NDT certifications.
Rajendra Yadav is a mechanical engineer with over 10 years of experience in pipeline and piping construction projects. He has worked on various oil, gas, and petrochemical projects in Oman and India for companies such as TOCO, Reliance Industries, Larsen & Toubro, and Triune Energy Services. His roles have included planning, execution, quality control, and supervision of piping fabrication, erection, testing, and commissioning activities. He holds an ASNT Level II certification in radiographic testing, ultrasonic testing, and magnetic particle testing.
Mohammad Khurshid Arif Ansari has over 13 years of experience in quality assurance, quality control, inspection, and commissioning for oil, gas, petrochemical, and construction projects. He is currently working as a MEP QA/QC Engineer in Qatar for a security and HSE building project. His experience includes welding inspection, QA/QC planning and documentation, fabrication shop inspection, piping and pipeline inspection, NDT, and material inspection. He has worked on projects in Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and India for companies in the oil, gas, and construction industries.
This document provides a summary of a QA/QC mechanical engineer's qualifications and experience. The engineer has 4 years of experience in quality assurance and quality control for oil and gas projects. He has an engineering degree and ASNT level II certifications in non-destructive testing. His most recent role was as a QA/QC engineer from 2012-2015 for an expansion project at a Mangalore refinery, where his responsibilities included inspection, testing, ensuring quality standards, and reviewing reports.
This resume is for Jijo Antony, who has over 10 years of experience as a QA/QC Inspector and 11 years as a Welder in the oil and gas industry. He has extensive qualifications and certifications in welding inspection including CWB Level 2 Inspector, API 510 Authorized Inspector, and AWS Senior Certified Welding Inspector. The resume provides details of Jijo's work experience on various oil and gas projects as a Turnaround QC Inspector, highlights his skills in welding inspection, non-destructive testing, and quality control documentation.
Siddhitech Engineering Private Limited (SEPL) is an engineering firm that has been in operation since 1998 under different names. It undertakes turnkey industrial projects involving mechanical, civil, structural fabrication and erection work. SEPL aims to expand its services nationally and internationally while maintaining high professional standards and customer satisfaction. The document provides details of SEPL's projects, capabilities, services and quality policy.
G.UmaMaheswaran has over 18 years of experience as a welding inspector. He has inspected welds and performed failure analysis for various projects in India and other countries like Angola, Saudi Arabia, and Abu Dhabi. His responsibilities include reviewing drawings and standards, verifying material specifications, qualifying welders, and inspecting welding, fabrication, and installation work according to codes and specifications. He is experienced in visual inspection, dimensional checks, and coordinating non-destructive testing.
K.VIJAYAKUMAR CV FOR FIELD ENGINEER- PAINTING INSULATION FIREPROOFING04122014KANNAIYAN VIJAYAKUMAR
This document is a CV for K. Vijayakumar summarizing his experience and qualifications for the role of Field Engineer - Painting, Insulation & Fireproofing. He has over 18 years of experience in insulation, painting and piping projects across Singapore and India. He holds various technical certifications and has worked on major projects for companies like Dyna-Mac Engineering Services, Austin Energy, and Lloyd Insulations in roles like Site Engineer, Resident Engineer, and Site Supervisor.
N. Srinivasan provides a summary of his career experience in welding inspection and non-destructive testing over 12 years. He has worked on various oil, gas and power projects. His roles have included quality control welding inspector, third party inspector, and engineering inspection roles. He lists his educational qualifications as a Diploma in Mechanical Engineering with First Class Honors and various welding and NDT certifications.
Rajendra Yadav is a mechanical engineer with over 10 years of experience in pipeline and piping construction projects. He has worked on various oil, gas, and petrochemical projects in Oman and India for companies such as TOCO, Reliance Industries, Larsen & Toubro, and Triune Energy Services. His roles have included planning, execution, quality control, and supervision of piping fabrication, erection, testing, and commissioning activities. He holds an ASNT Level II certification in radiographic testing, ultrasonic testing, and magnetic particle testing.
Mohammad Khurshid Arif Ansari has over 13 years of experience in quality assurance, quality control, inspection, and commissioning for oil, gas, petrochemical, and construction projects. He is currently working as a MEP QA/QC Engineer in Qatar for a security and HSE building project. His experience includes welding inspection, QA/QC planning and documentation, fabrication shop inspection, piping and pipeline inspection, NDT, and material inspection. He has worked on projects in Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and India for companies in the oil, gas, and construction industries.
This document provides a summary of a QA/QC mechanical engineer's qualifications and experience. The engineer has 4 years of experience in quality assurance and quality control for oil and gas projects. He has an engineering degree and ASNT level II certifications in non-destructive testing. His most recent role was as a QA/QC engineer from 2012-2015 for an expansion project at a Mangalore refinery, where his responsibilities included inspection, testing, ensuring quality standards, and reviewing reports.
This resume is for Jijo Antony, who has over 10 years of experience as a QA/QC Inspector and 11 years as a Welder in the oil and gas industry. He has extensive qualifications and certifications in welding inspection including CWB Level 2 Inspector, API 510 Authorized Inspector, and AWS Senior Certified Welding Inspector. The resume provides details of Jijo's work experience on various oil and gas projects as a Turnaround QC Inspector, highlights his skills in welding inspection, non-destructive testing, and quality control documentation.
Sr. QA/QC Mechanical Engineer with 8 years experience in power plant, oil and gas.
Industrial Project QA/QC Mechanical Head professional with 8 years of experience from the well-recognized organizations in the field of Industrial Inspection, Quality assurance, Quality control, Welding inspection and conformity Assessment of products and services.
Expertise in conducting receiving, in process and final inspection for achieving enhanced Quality. Having good working experience as a Third party inspector for SGS industrial services.
Distinctively been a Internal auditor for ISO 9001:2008 Quality management systems. Self-directed, team-oriented, enthusiastic & possessing solid organizational skills.
This document provides an overview of Bilad Al-Duha, an Iraqi mechanical contractor. It includes sections on the company history, organization chart, goals, scope of services, equipment, network, activities, project experiences and photos. Bilad Al-Duha has over 800 employees across Iraq and Dubai and provides construction services to the oil, gas and power industries, including pipeline installation, tank construction, and engineering services. The document highlights several past projects and Bilad Al-Duha's capabilities and equipment for mechanical construction activities.
This document contains the resume of Said Mohamed Ibrahim Abo Eissa. It lists his personal details such as name, date of birth, nationality, and contact information. It then outlines his educational qualifications and work experience in various roles such as Senior QA/QC Engineer for projects in KSA and Egypt. His work experience spans various industries including power plants, oil and gas pipelines, cement plants, and steel mills. The resume highlights his responsibilities like overseeing construction, welding inspection, and ensuring quality standards are followed.
S. Manikandan is seeking a position as a Quality Control Engineer with over 10 years of experience in quality inspection of oil and gas drilling equipment. He has held roles as a QC Engineer and Inspector for several companies performing inspections, testing, and maintaining quality documentation for offshore drilling equipment including BOPs, valves, and risers. Manikandan has extensive technical skills and certifications in quality control and non-destructive testing.
Suresh Kumar Patel has over 11 years of experience in quality assurance and quality control roles in the oil and gas industry. He has expertise in quality management systems, inspection, testing, and commissioning across various offshore and onshore projects. Currently, he works as a Lead Quality Engineer at Certification Engineers International Limited, a subsidiary of Engineers India Limited, where he is responsible for quality planning, project delivery, and technical integration verification on oil and gas projects.
The document is a curriculum vitae for Roman B. Carcido, who has over 10 years of experience in QA/QC piping inspection, welding inspection, and welding supervision. He has worked on numerous oil, gas, and industrial projects in Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, and the Philippines. His duties have included inspecting welding and piping work, ensuring compliance with standards, and supervising inspection teams. He holds many welding and NDT certifications.
En-Waleed Ibrahim Sr. Construction Piping Engineer cvwaleed ibrahim
This document provides a summary of Waleed Ibrahim's professional experience and qualifications. It includes his contact information, education background in mining and metallurgical engineering, and professional qualifications in non-destructive testing. It also outlines his current role as a senior piping engineer in Saudi Arabia, with responsibilities such as piping fabrication, erection, inspection, and coordination of commissioning activities. Previous experience is listed as a QA/QC engineer in Egypt, with duties like site inspections, welding examinations, material inspection, and preparation of testing plans and reports.
This portfolio document introduces Mohamed Farouk Bayomi Elhabshy and summarizes his qualifications and experience. He has over 8 years of experience in QA/QC and welding inspection in the petrochemical, oil, and gas industries. He holds certifications as a Certified Welding Inspector from AWS and Level II NDT certifications. The portfolio provides details of his educational background, work history, projects, training, and certificates to demonstrate his relevant skills and qualifications for welding inspection and QA/QC roles.
Thirumoorthy Prakash has over 16 years of experience as a welding foreman and supervisor in construction fabrication for oil, gas, and maritime projects. He has extensive technical certifications in welding and non-destructive testing. Prakash has worked on numerous projects in Kazakhstan, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, and India, overseeing welding activities and ensuring safety and quality standards.
RESUME OF QAQC INSPECTOR COATING/PAINTING AND INSULATIONMaypray Guimbarda
I ‘am Certified Coating Inspector for SSPC Level 2 of PCI - Protective Coating Inspector American Standards Equivalent of NACE 2, CSWIP-BGAS 2 and FROSIO 3, and have Experience for all Insulation Works Likes: Cryogenic Insulation Cold Box Equipment, Tank for Polyurethane Foam Insulation of Double Walls, Tank Insulation External Wall and Thermal Insulation for Piping and Mechanical Equipment"
The document provides a summary of Manohar Thangamani's career objective, experience, qualifications, and certifications. He has over 17 years of experience in quality control and assurance, production management, and customer service in Europe and the Gulf region for the machinery, oil & gas, and infrastructure industries. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering and various professional certifications in welding inspection, painting inspection, and non-destructive testing techniques. His most recent role was as a Quality Control Mechanical Inspection Engineer with Bureau Veritas in Iraq.
This document is a curriculum vitae for Arman Hussain Khan, who has 18 years of experience in quality control and assurance roles for welding, piping, and painting on oil and gas projects. He currently works as a QA/QC supervisor for Shell BGC in Iraq. He has a diploma in mechanical engineering and certifications in welding inspection, painting inspection, and non-destructive testing. The CV provides details of his roles and responsibilities on various projects in Saudi Arabia, Iraq, India, and the UAE for companies including Shell, WorleyParsons, SK Engineering and Construction, Bilfal Heavy Industries, and Belleli Energy and Saudi Heavy Industries.
This document contains a summary of qualifications for an individual seeking a position utilizing their 9+ years of experience in mechanical construction and quality assurance. They hold a BE in Mechanical Engineering and certifications in NDT testing. Their experience includes inspecting equipment fabrication and erection, reviewing welding procedures, and ensuring quality standards are met on projects in India for companies in various industries. They aim to improve themselves and their organization through ongoing learning and problem solving.
This document is a curriculum vitae for Vipul Raghunath Vichare, summarizing his experience and qualifications as a Senior Piping Engineer. He has over 13 years of experience in piping layout engineering and design, including roles with companies like Dodsal Engineering, Reliance Industries, and Toyo Engineering India. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering and additional qualifications in piping engineering. His experience includes piping layout and design, project coordination, site experience, and working on various oil and gas, petrochemical, and refinery projects around the world.
Saji Muraleedharan has over 11 years of experience as a QC Supervisor for piping and welding projects. He has extensive experience inspecting materials and welds according to international codes and standards like ASME and B31.3. Some of the key projects he has worked on include projects in the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Australia. He is skilled in welding procedures, qualifications, non-destructive testing, and mechanical completion inspections.
This document is a curriculum vitae for Eng. Ahmad Ibrahim Naser that outlines his personal details, education, qualifications, languages, and 21 years of experience in maintenance, construction, and quality control in the oil and gas sector. It provides details on 7 different roles he has held between 1992 and 2014 with companies in Syria, Iraq, England, Malaysia, and China, describing his responsibilities and duties in quality assurance, quality control, piping, fabrication, and maintenance.
Shyamal Kumar Sahu is a construction engineer with over 10 years of experience in the oil, gas, steel, and power industries in India. He has expertise in planning and executing construction activities from start to completion, including structural work, piping, and equipment installation. Some of his projects include building an air separation unit plant for JSW Steel and hydrogen plants for IOCL. He is proficient in welding technologies, piping fabrication, and ensuring quality standards are met. Sahu aims to deliver projects on time through effective communication and coordination.
This document provides information about Omkar Electricals, an Indian company that manufactures power and control distribution boards. It summarizes the company's facilities, services, quality control procedures, client list, management team, and production capabilities. Key details include that the company has over 35 years of experience, manufactures LT panels and other electrical equipment, and has a professionally managed team to meet quality standards for clients across various industries.
Robin Mathew Koshy has over 8 years of experience as a QA/QC welding and piping inspector working on various oil and gas projects in Saudi Arabia. He holds certifications in welding inspection from CSWIP and API, as well as NDT certifications. His responsibilities have included inspection of welding, piping, materials, and coordinating with engineering on projects adhering to international codes and standards. He aims to contribute his skills and experience to a progressive organization.
Raghavendran V is seeking a challenging career as a Piping Supervisor with over 7 years of experience in construction projects. He has worked on oil and gas plants, refineries, and pipelines in Kuwait and Iraq. Raghavendran has a Diploma in Mechanical Engineering and experience in AutoCAD, PRO-E, piping fabrication, erection, and project management. He is proficient in English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam.
The document discusses MIG (metal inert gas) welding. It provides details on the MIG welding process such as using an electric arc and shielding gas to join metal and produce a slag-free weld. It also outlines the key benefits of MIG welding like its versatility in welding different metals and ability to achieve high welding rates and quality. Safety precautions for MIG welding and potential defects are also summarized.
Sr. QA/QC Mechanical Engineer with 8 years experience in power plant, oil and gas.
Industrial Project QA/QC Mechanical Head professional with 8 years of experience from the well-recognized organizations in the field of Industrial Inspection, Quality assurance, Quality control, Welding inspection and conformity Assessment of products and services.
Expertise in conducting receiving, in process and final inspection for achieving enhanced Quality. Having good working experience as a Third party inspector for SGS industrial services.
Distinctively been a Internal auditor for ISO 9001:2008 Quality management systems. Self-directed, team-oriented, enthusiastic & possessing solid organizational skills.
This document provides an overview of Bilad Al-Duha, an Iraqi mechanical contractor. It includes sections on the company history, organization chart, goals, scope of services, equipment, network, activities, project experiences and photos. Bilad Al-Duha has over 800 employees across Iraq and Dubai and provides construction services to the oil, gas and power industries, including pipeline installation, tank construction, and engineering services. The document highlights several past projects and Bilad Al-Duha's capabilities and equipment for mechanical construction activities.
This document contains the resume of Said Mohamed Ibrahim Abo Eissa. It lists his personal details such as name, date of birth, nationality, and contact information. It then outlines his educational qualifications and work experience in various roles such as Senior QA/QC Engineer for projects in KSA and Egypt. His work experience spans various industries including power plants, oil and gas pipelines, cement plants, and steel mills. The resume highlights his responsibilities like overseeing construction, welding inspection, and ensuring quality standards are followed.
S. Manikandan is seeking a position as a Quality Control Engineer with over 10 years of experience in quality inspection of oil and gas drilling equipment. He has held roles as a QC Engineer and Inspector for several companies performing inspections, testing, and maintaining quality documentation for offshore drilling equipment including BOPs, valves, and risers. Manikandan has extensive technical skills and certifications in quality control and non-destructive testing.
Suresh Kumar Patel has over 11 years of experience in quality assurance and quality control roles in the oil and gas industry. He has expertise in quality management systems, inspection, testing, and commissioning across various offshore and onshore projects. Currently, he works as a Lead Quality Engineer at Certification Engineers International Limited, a subsidiary of Engineers India Limited, where he is responsible for quality planning, project delivery, and technical integration verification on oil and gas projects.
The document is a curriculum vitae for Roman B. Carcido, who has over 10 years of experience in QA/QC piping inspection, welding inspection, and welding supervision. He has worked on numerous oil, gas, and industrial projects in Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, and the Philippines. His duties have included inspecting welding and piping work, ensuring compliance with standards, and supervising inspection teams. He holds many welding and NDT certifications.
En-Waleed Ibrahim Sr. Construction Piping Engineer cvwaleed ibrahim
This document provides a summary of Waleed Ibrahim's professional experience and qualifications. It includes his contact information, education background in mining and metallurgical engineering, and professional qualifications in non-destructive testing. It also outlines his current role as a senior piping engineer in Saudi Arabia, with responsibilities such as piping fabrication, erection, inspection, and coordination of commissioning activities. Previous experience is listed as a QA/QC engineer in Egypt, with duties like site inspections, welding examinations, material inspection, and preparation of testing plans and reports.
This portfolio document introduces Mohamed Farouk Bayomi Elhabshy and summarizes his qualifications and experience. He has over 8 years of experience in QA/QC and welding inspection in the petrochemical, oil, and gas industries. He holds certifications as a Certified Welding Inspector from AWS and Level II NDT certifications. The portfolio provides details of his educational background, work history, projects, training, and certificates to demonstrate his relevant skills and qualifications for welding inspection and QA/QC roles.
Thirumoorthy Prakash has over 16 years of experience as a welding foreman and supervisor in construction fabrication for oil, gas, and maritime projects. He has extensive technical certifications in welding and non-destructive testing. Prakash has worked on numerous projects in Kazakhstan, Singapore, Saudi Arabia, and India, overseeing welding activities and ensuring safety and quality standards.
RESUME OF QAQC INSPECTOR COATING/PAINTING AND INSULATIONMaypray Guimbarda
I ‘am Certified Coating Inspector for SSPC Level 2 of PCI - Protective Coating Inspector American Standards Equivalent of NACE 2, CSWIP-BGAS 2 and FROSIO 3, and have Experience for all Insulation Works Likes: Cryogenic Insulation Cold Box Equipment, Tank for Polyurethane Foam Insulation of Double Walls, Tank Insulation External Wall and Thermal Insulation for Piping and Mechanical Equipment"
The document provides a summary of Manohar Thangamani's career objective, experience, qualifications, and certifications. He has over 17 years of experience in quality control and assurance, production management, and customer service in Europe and the Gulf region for the machinery, oil & gas, and infrastructure industries. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Mechanical Engineering and various professional certifications in welding inspection, painting inspection, and non-destructive testing techniques. His most recent role was as a Quality Control Mechanical Inspection Engineer with Bureau Veritas in Iraq.
This document is a curriculum vitae for Arman Hussain Khan, who has 18 years of experience in quality control and assurance roles for welding, piping, and painting on oil and gas projects. He currently works as a QA/QC supervisor for Shell BGC in Iraq. He has a diploma in mechanical engineering and certifications in welding inspection, painting inspection, and non-destructive testing. The CV provides details of his roles and responsibilities on various projects in Saudi Arabia, Iraq, India, and the UAE for companies including Shell, WorleyParsons, SK Engineering and Construction, Bilfal Heavy Industries, and Belleli Energy and Saudi Heavy Industries.
This document contains a summary of qualifications for an individual seeking a position utilizing their 9+ years of experience in mechanical construction and quality assurance. They hold a BE in Mechanical Engineering and certifications in NDT testing. Their experience includes inspecting equipment fabrication and erection, reviewing welding procedures, and ensuring quality standards are met on projects in India for companies in various industries. They aim to improve themselves and their organization through ongoing learning and problem solving.
This document is a curriculum vitae for Vipul Raghunath Vichare, summarizing his experience and qualifications as a Senior Piping Engineer. He has over 13 years of experience in piping layout engineering and design, including roles with companies like Dodsal Engineering, Reliance Industries, and Toyo Engineering India. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Chemical Engineering and additional qualifications in piping engineering. His experience includes piping layout and design, project coordination, site experience, and working on various oil and gas, petrochemical, and refinery projects around the world.
Saji Muraleedharan has over 11 years of experience as a QC Supervisor for piping and welding projects. He has extensive experience inspecting materials and welds according to international codes and standards like ASME and B31.3. Some of the key projects he has worked on include projects in the UAE, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, and Australia. He is skilled in welding procedures, qualifications, non-destructive testing, and mechanical completion inspections.
This document is a curriculum vitae for Eng. Ahmad Ibrahim Naser that outlines his personal details, education, qualifications, languages, and 21 years of experience in maintenance, construction, and quality control in the oil and gas sector. It provides details on 7 different roles he has held between 1992 and 2014 with companies in Syria, Iraq, England, Malaysia, and China, describing his responsibilities and duties in quality assurance, quality control, piping, fabrication, and maintenance.
Shyamal Kumar Sahu is a construction engineer with over 10 years of experience in the oil, gas, steel, and power industries in India. He has expertise in planning and executing construction activities from start to completion, including structural work, piping, and equipment installation. Some of his projects include building an air separation unit plant for JSW Steel and hydrogen plants for IOCL. He is proficient in welding technologies, piping fabrication, and ensuring quality standards are met. Sahu aims to deliver projects on time through effective communication and coordination.
This document provides information about Omkar Electricals, an Indian company that manufactures power and control distribution boards. It summarizes the company's facilities, services, quality control procedures, client list, management team, and production capabilities. Key details include that the company has over 35 years of experience, manufactures LT panels and other electrical equipment, and has a professionally managed team to meet quality standards for clients across various industries.
Robin Mathew Koshy has over 8 years of experience as a QA/QC welding and piping inspector working on various oil and gas projects in Saudi Arabia. He holds certifications in welding inspection from CSWIP and API, as well as NDT certifications. His responsibilities have included inspection of welding, piping, materials, and coordinating with engineering on projects adhering to international codes and standards. He aims to contribute his skills and experience to a progressive organization.
Raghavendran V is seeking a challenging career as a Piping Supervisor with over 7 years of experience in construction projects. He has worked on oil and gas plants, refineries, and pipelines in Kuwait and Iraq. Raghavendran has a Diploma in Mechanical Engineering and experience in AutoCAD, PRO-E, piping fabrication, erection, and project management. He is proficient in English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, and Malayalam.
The document discusses MIG (metal inert gas) welding. It provides details on the MIG welding process such as using an electric arc and shielding gas to join metal and produce a slag-free weld. It also outlines the key benefits of MIG welding like its versatility in welding different metals and ability to achieve high welding rates and quality. Safety precautions for MIG welding and potential defects are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of arc welding processes. It discusses the four most common types of arc welding - stick, MIG, flux-core, and TIG welding. For each process, it describes the equipment used, how the process works, advantages and disadvantages. It also covers non-destructive testing of welds, design considerations for welds, factors that influence weld strength, and safety precautions for arc welding. The document aims to educate about different arc welding techniques and related topics through text, diagrams, and examples.
EXPERIMENTAL OPTIMIZATION OF MILD STEEL ON TIG WELDINGIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experiment on optimizing TIG welding parameters for mild steel. The experiment tested different welding currents and scan speeds to achieve full penetration welds on 5mm mild steel plates without filler material. Activated flux was also used to improve weld depth. Weld bead geometry and tensile strength of the welds were analyzed for different gaps maintained between plates. Maintaining an appropriate gap allowed for full penetration welds with strength similar to the base material.
The document discusses trends in Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding. It describes TIG welding as a process where an arc is created between a non-consumable tungsten electrode and the workpiece being welded. The weld area is protected by an inert shielding gas. The document outlines factors that influence weld quality such as current, electrode size, filler wire composition, and gas flow rate. It also discusses advantages like precision and disadvantages like lower deposition rates compared to other welding processes. Finally, it presents conclusions that TIG welding produces high-quality welds when performed skillfully and outlines some reference materials.
Submerged arc welding (SAW) involves heating metals with an arc between a bare metal electrode and the workpiece. The arc is shielded by a blanket of granular fusible material on the workpiece. Key aspects of SAW include:
- Equipment includes a welding machine, wire feeder, flux hopper, and sometimes a travel mechanism.
- The arc is not visible as it is submerged under the layer of flux. The flux forms a slag that protects the weld area.
- Filler metal is obtained from the continuously fed electrode. As the electrode melts, the metal transfers through the arc to the workpiece where it becomes the deposited weld.
Metal Inert Gas (MIG)/ Metal Active Gas (MAG) Weldingfaheem maqsood
MIG welding is a process that uses an arc between a consumable electrode wire and the workpiece to produce localized heating and melting. Shielding gas protects the weld from contamination. It allows for high welding speeds and is versatile for both ferrous and non-ferrous metals. MIG welding provides deep penetration, less smoke and fumes compared to other processes. However, it requires complex equipment and parameters to control and the shielding gas adds to the cost.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Autogenous Tungsten Inert GasIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation of autogenous tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding. TIG welding was performed on 5 mm thick mild steel plates without filler material using different welding currents and speeds. Activated flux was also used to improve weld depth in some experiments. Maintaining a gap between plates during welding was found to allow full penetration welds with strength similar to the base material. Weld bead geometry, tensile strength, and hardness were evaluated for welds made with different parameters. Increasing welding current and maintaining a gap between plates both increased weld depth and width. Maintaining an appropriate gap allowed defect-free welding with proper material flow.
This document discusses various assembly and welding processes. It begins by defining assembly as joining elements together to form a final product, which can be done manually or by machines. It then discusses several welding processes including oxy-fuel welding, arc welding, electron beam welding and laser beam welding. Arc welding uses an electrical arc to produce heat and can use consumable or non-consumable electrodes. The document focuses on gas metal arc welding and shielded metal arc welding as examples of consumable electrode arc welding processes.
The document discusses various welding processes including gas welding, arc welding, MIG welding, and TIG welding. It provides details on the principles, equipment used, advantages and disadvantages of each process. Some key points:
- Welding joins metals through heating and fusion. Common processes are oxy-acetylene gas welding, SMAW, GMAW (MIG), and GTAW (TIG welding).
- Gas welding uses a flame to heat and fuse metals. MIG welding continuously feeds a wire electrode to form the weld. TIG welding uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode and inert gas shield.
- Advantages include strong joints, cost effectiveness, versatility. Dis
The document discusses the different types of arc welding processes. It describes the basic configurations and types of electrodes used in Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), Gas Metal Arc Welding (MIG), Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW), Submerged Arc Welding (SAW), Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (TIG), Plasma Arc Welding (PAW) and Stud Welding. It also covers the physics behind arc welding including arc plasma formation, arc temperature, arc types, effects of magnetic fields and pulsed DC welding.
IRJET-A Study of Different Parameters of the Seam Welding Process for Reducin...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on parameters that affect welding current in resistance seam welding processes. The study was conducted at a company that manufactures storage tanks using seam welding. The objective was to reduce welding current and thereby reduce power consumption. Various parameters that influence welding current were investigated, including contact area between electrodes and workpiece, cooling of welding wheels, electrode force, electrode coating material, and electrical contacts in the welding machine. Adjusting these parameters, such as increasing contact area, improving cooling, calibrating electrode force, using electrode coatings, and ensuring good electrical contacts, helped reduce welding current and lower power consumption for the company.
IRJET- Optimization of Process Parameters in MIG Welding of AISI 316LIRJET Journal
1. The document discusses optimization of process parameters in MIG welding of AISI 316L stainless steel. It aims to study the effects of current and voltage on tensile strength.
2. Experiments are conducted using Taguchi methods to optimize the MIG welding parameters. Current and voltage are varied as input parameters, and tensile strength is measured as the output response.
3. Data analysis using MINITAB software is done to determine the optimal levels of current and voltage for achieving maximum tensile strength of the welded joints. Confirmation tests will then validate the predicted results.
IRJET- A Review on Parametric Optimization of MIG Welding by Taguchi’s Me...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that used Taguchi's design of experiments method to optimize metal inert gas (MIG) welding parameters for welding medium carbon steel. The paper analyzed how welding parameters like current, voltage, feed rate, gas flow rate influence weld strength and weld pool geometry. Experiments were conducted using Taguchi's orthogonal array to acquire data on the welding characteristics. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the most influential parameters on weld strength and depth of penetration. Confirmation tests were conducted to validate the model's ability to predict experimental values. The goal was to determine the best welding parameters to achieve the desired quality targets.
The document discusses different types of mechanical joints used to connect parts in machinery. It describes three main types: bolted joints, which use bolts and nuts; screw joints, which use screws; and welded joints, which permanently fuse parts together. Welded joints include butt, corner, lap, tee, and edge joints. The document also discusses different welding processes like shielded metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welding, and submerged arc welding. It provides details on how each process works and its advantages and applications.
The document discusses Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding for constructing an effective load bearing structure. Butt joints were used due to their strength and resistance to impact and stress. TIG welding provides high quality welds through manual operation and requires skill. Key parameters like current, voltage, gas flow and composition, and welding speed must be optimized. TIG welding has advantages like versatility, minimal distortions, and precise control and is often used for thin materials and in industries like aerospace, bicycle, and tool and die repair.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELijaia
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
Prediction of Electrical Energy Efficiency Using Information on Consumer's Ac...PriyankaKilaniya
Energy efficiency has been important since the latter part of the last century. The main object of this survey is to determine the energy efficiency knowledge among consumers. Two separate districts in Bangladesh are selected to conduct the survey on households and showrooms about the energy and seller also. The survey uses the data to find some regression equations from which it is easy to predict energy efficiency knowledge. The data is analyzed and calculated based on five important criteria. The initial target was to find some factors that help predict a person's energy efficiency knowledge. From the survey, it is found that the energy efficiency awareness among the people of our country is very low. Relationships between household energy use behaviors are estimated using a unique dataset of about 40 households and 20 showrooms in Bangladesh's Chapainawabganj and Bagerhat districts. Knowledge of energy consumption and energy efficiency technology options is found to be associated with household use of energy conservation practices. Household characteristics also influence household energy use behavior. Younger household cohorts are more likely to adopt energy-efficient technologies and energy conservation practices and place primary importance on energy saving for environmental reasons. Education also influences attitudes toward energy conservation in Bangladesh. Low-education households indicate they primarily save electricity for the environment while high-education households indicate they are motivated by environmental concerns.
Rainfall intensity duration frequency curve statistical analysis and modeling...bijceesjournal
Using data from 41 years in Patna’ India’ the study’s goal is to analyze the trends of how often it rains on a weekly, seasonal, and annual basis (1981−2020). First, utilizing the intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve and the relationship by statistically analyzing rainfall’ the historical rainfall data set for Patna’ India’ during a 41 year period (1981−2020), was evaluated for its quality. Changes in the hydrologic cycle as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions are expected to induce variations in the intensity, length, and frequency of precipitation events. One strategy to lessen vulnerability is to quantify probable changes and adapt to them. Techniques such as log-normal, normal, and Gumbel are used (EV-I). Distributions were created with durations of 1, 2, 3, 6, and 24 h and return times of 2, 5, 10, 25, and 100 years. There were also mathematical correlations discovered between rainfall and recurrence interval.
Findings: Based on findings, the Gumbel approach produced the highest intensity values, whereas the other approaches produced values that were close to each other. The data indicates that 461.9 mm of rain fell during the monsoon season’s 301st week. However, it was found that the 29th week had the greatest average rainfall, 92.6 mm. With 952.6 mm on average, the monsoon season saw the highest rainfall. Calculations revealed that the yearly rainfall averaged 1171.1 mm. Using Weibull’s method, the study was subsequently expanded to examine rainfall distribution at different recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years. Rainfall and recurrence interval mathematical correlations were also developed. Further regression analysis revealed that short wave irrigation, wind direction, wind speed, pressure, relative humidity, and temperature all had a substantial influence on rainfall.
Originality and value: The results of the rainfall IDF curves can provide useful information to policymakers in making appropriate decisions in managing and minimizing floods in the study area.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for...PIMR BHOPAL
Variable frequency drive .A Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) is an electronic device used to control the speed and torque of an electric motor by varying the frequency and voltage of its power supply. VFDs are widely used in industrial applications for motor control, providing significant energy savings and precise motor operation.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
2. QUALITY CONTROL (QC)
The concept of quality control is to look at work after the work is completed. it is
the process of testing and inspecting work to determine if it complies with the
adopted quality standard.
In a quality management system, quality control should never be the primary
process. However, it can be used to confirm that quality assurance processes are
working properly. If a failure is detected during a quality control inspection or test,
then it is evident that quality assurance is missing or, if not missing, the quality
assurance process did not function properly and should be evaluated.
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QUALITY ASSURANCE (QA)
all the planned and systematic activities implemented within the quality
system that can be demonstrated to provide confidence that a product or
service will fulfill requirements for quality.
Quality assurance, as its name implies, assures that the outcome of a
process will be a quality one. This involves taking measures that will reduce
errors and omissions before and while performing the work. Some quality
assurance processes may be verified using a quality control method.
3. TYPE OF JOINT ?
butt joint.:- a joint between two members aligned approximately in the same plane
Fillet weld:-A weld of approximately triangular cross section joining two surfaces
approximately at right angles to each other
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4. OVERVIEW OF JOINING METHODS
Mechanical methods
➢ Screwed fasteners, rivets,
Brazing and Soldering
➢ Base metal does not fuse.
➢ Molten filler drawn into close-fit joints by capillary action (surface tension forces).
➢ Brazing filler melts >450 C, solder <450 C
Welding
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6. WELDING PROCESSES
1) GTAW - gas tungsten arc welding (TIG)
2) SMAW -shielded metal arc welding
3) MIG-metal inert gas welding
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7. Tungsten inert gas welding or gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is a
group of welding process in which the work pieces are joined by the
heat obtained from an electric arc struck between a non-consumable
tungsten electrode and the work piece in the presence of an inert gas
atmosphere.
A filler metal may be added if required, during the welding process.
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GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING
8. Description
•TIG equipment consists of a welding torch in which a non-consumable
tungsten alloy electrode is held rigidly in the collet.
•The diameter of the electrode varies from 0.5 -6.4 mm.
•TIG welding makes use of a shielding gas like argon or helium to protect the
welding area from atmospheric gases such as oxygen and nitrogen, otherwise
which may cause fusion defects and porosity in the weld metal.
•The shielding gas flow from the cylinder, through the passage in the
electrode holder and then impinges on the work piece.
•Pressure regulator and flow meters are used to regulate the pressure and
flow of gas from the cylinder.
•Either AC or DC can be used to supply the required current.
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9. Advantages
•Suitable for thin metals.
•Clear visibility of the arc provides the operator to have a greater control over
the weld.
•Strong and high quality joints are obtained.
•No flux is used. Hence, no slag formation. This results in clean weld joints.
Disadvantages
•TIG is the most difficult process compared to all the other welding
processes. The welder must maintain short arc length, avoid contact
between electrode and the work piece and manually feed the filler
metal with one hand while manipulating the torch with the other
hand.
•Tungsten material when gets transferred into the molten metal
contaminates the same leading to a hard and brittle joint.
•Skilled operator is required.
•Process is slower.
•Not suitable for thick metals
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10. METAL INERT GAS (MIG) WELDING
•Metal inert gas welding or gas metal arc welding (GMAW) is a group of arc welding
process in which the work pieces are joined by the heat obtained from an electric arc
struck between a bare (uncoated) consumable electrode and the work piece in the
presence of an inert gas atmosphere.
•The consumable electrode acts as a filler metal to fill the gap between the two work
pieces.
•Figure shows the MIG welding process.
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11. Description
•The equipment consists of a welding torch in which a bare consumable electrode in
the form of a wire is held and guided by a guide tube.
•The electrode material used in MIG welding is of the same material or nearly the
same chemical composition as that of the base metal.
•Its diameter varies from 0.7 -2.4 mm.
•The electrode is fed continuously at a constant rate through feed rollers driven by an
electric motor.
•MIG makes use of shielding gas to prevent atmospheric contamination of the molten
weld pool.
•Mixture of argon and carbon dioxide in a order of 75% to 25% or 80% to 20% is
commonly used.
•The shielding gas flow from the cylinder, through the passage in the electrode
holder and then impinges on the work piece.
•AC is rarely used with MIG welding; instead DC is employed and the electrode is
positively charged. This results in faster melting of the electrode which increases weld
penetration and welding speed.
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12. Advantages
• MIG welding is fast and economical.
•The electrode and inert gas are automatically fed, and this makes the
operator easy and to concentrate on the arc.
•Weld deposition rate is high due to the continuous wire feed
•No flux is used. Hence, no slag formation. This results in clean welds.
•Thin and thick metals can be welded.
•Process can be automated.
Disadvantages
•Equipment is costlier
•Porosity (gas entrapment in weld pool) is the most common quality
problem in this process. However, extensive edge preparation can eliminate
this defect.
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13. FLUX SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING (MMAW OR SMAW)
•It is an arc welding process wherein coalescence is produced by heating the work
piece with an electric arc set up between a flux coated electrode and the work piece.
•The flux covering decomposes due to arc heat and performs many functions, like arc
stability, weld metal protection, etc.,
•The electrode itself melts and supplies the necessary filler metal.
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14. Principle of the process:
•Heat required for welding is obtained from the arc struck between a coated
electrode and the work piece.
•The arc temperature and thus the arc heat can be increased or decreased by
employing higher or lower arc currents.
•A high current arc with a smaller arc length produces very intense heat.
•The arc melts the electrode end and the job.
•Material droplets are transferred from the electrode to the job, through the
arc, and are deposited along the joint to be welded.
•The flux coating melts, produces a gaseous shield and slag to prevent
atmospheric contamination of the molten weld metal.
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15. Advantages of Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)
•SMAW is the simplest of all the arc welding processes.
•The equipment can be portable and the cost is fairly low.
•This process finds innumerable applications, because of the availability of a wide variety
of electrodes.
•A big range of metals and their alloys can be welded.
•Welding can be carried out in any position with highest weld quality.
Limitations
•Because of the limited length of each electrode and brittle flux coating on it,
mechanization is difficult.
•In welding long joints (e.g., in pressure vessels), as one electrode finishes, the weld is to
be progressed with the next electrode. Unless properly cared, a defect (like slag inclusion
or insufficient penetration) may occur at the place where welding is restarted with new
electrode.
•The process uses stick electrodes and thus it is slower as compared to MIG welding.
•Because of flux coated electrodes, the chances of slag entrapment and other related-
defects are more as compared to MIG or TIG welding.
.
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16. Introduction to Nondestructive Testing
The use of noninvasive techniques to determine the integrity of a material,
component or structure
or
quantitatively measure some characteristic of an object.
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17. Methods of NDT
➢Visual
➢ Liquid Penetrant
➢ Magnetic Partical
➢ Ultrasonic
➢X-ray
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18. • A liquid with high surface wetting characteristics is applied to the surface of
the part and allowed time to seep into surface breaking defects.
• The excess liquid is removed from the surface of the part.
• A developer (powder) is applied to pull the trapped penetrant out the defect
and spread it on the surface where it can be seen.
• Visual inspection is the final step in the process. The penetrant used is often
loaded with a fluorescent dye and the inspection is done under UV light to
increase test sensitivity.
Liquid Penetrant Inspection
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19. Liquid Penetrant Inspection
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Step 1. Pre-Cleaning Ensure surface is very Clean normally with the use of a solvent
Step 2. Apply penetrant After the application, the penetrant is normally left on the
components surface for approximately 15-20 minutes (dwell time).The penetrant
enters any defects that may be present by capillary action.
Step 3. Clean off penetrant the penetrant is removed after sufficient
penetration time (dwell time).Care must be taken not to wash any penetrant out
off any defects present
Step 4. Inspection / development time Inspection should take place immediately
after the developer has been applied. any defects present will show as a bleed
out during development time. After full inspection has been carried out post
cleaning is generally required.
20. Liquid Penetrant Inspection
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Penetrant Fluorescent Penetrant
Bleed out viewed under a UV-A light
source Bleed
Bleed out viewed under white light
Colour contrast PenetrantFluorescent
21. Disadvantages
•Surface breaking defect only
•little indication of depths
•Penetrant may contaminate component
•Surface preparation critical
•Post cleaning required
•Potentially hazardous chemicals
•Can not test unlimited times
•Temperature dependant
Liquid Penetrant Inspection
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Advantages
•Simple to use
•Inexpensive
•Quick results
•Can be used on any non-porous material
•Portability
•Low operator skill required
22. The part is magnetized. Finely milled iron particles coated with a dye pigment
are then applied to the specimen. These particles are attracted to magnetic flux
leakage fields and will cluster to form an indication directly over the
discontinuity. This indication can be visually detected under proper lighting
conditions
Magnetic Particle Inspection
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23. Advantages
•Simple to use
•Inexpensive
•Rapid results
•Little surface preparation required
•Possible to inspect through thin coatings
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Disadvantages
•Surface or slight sub-surface detection only
•Magnetic materials only
•No indication of defects depths
•Only suitable for linear defects
•Detection is required in two directions
24. Radiography (RT)
Radiography involves the use of penetrating gamma or X-radiation to examine parts
and products for imperfections. An X-ray generator or radioactive isotope is used as
a source of radiation. Radiation is directed through a part and onto film or other
imaging media. The resulting radiograph shows the dimensional features of the
part. Possible imperfections are indicated as density changes on the film in the
same manner as a medical X-ray shows broken bones.
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25. Advantages
•Permanent record
•Little surface preparation
•Defect identification
•No material type limitation
•Not so reliant upon operator skill
•Thin materials
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Disadvantages
•Expensive consumables
•Bulky equipment
•Harmful radiation
•Defect require significant depth in relation to
the radiation beam (not good for planar defects)
•Slow results
•Very little indication of depths
•Access to both sides required
26. High frequency sound waves are introduced into a material and they are reflected back
from surfaces or flaws.
Reflected sound energy is displayed versus time, and inspector can visualize a cross
section of the specimen showing the depth of features that reflect sound.
f
plate
crack
0 2 4 6 8 10
initial
pulse
crack
echo
back surface
echo
Oscilloscope, or flaw
detector screen
Ultrasonic Inspection (Pulse-Echo)
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27. f
plate
crack
Ultrasonic Inspection (Pulse-Echo)
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Advantages
• Rapid results
• Both surface and
• sub-surface detection
• Safe
• Capable of measuring the depth of defects
• May be battery powered
• Portable
Disadvantages
• Trained and skilled operator required
• Requires high operator skill
• Good surface finish required
• Defect identification
• Couplant may contaminate
• No permanent record
• Calibration Required
• Ferity Material (Mostly)
28. Welding Defects
A welding defect is any type of flaw in a welding job that compromises the use and
function of the object that received the welding.
Lack of Fusion
Undercutting
Pinholes
Cracking
Misalignment
Gas Inclusions
Porosity
Craters
Overlap
Lamellar Tearing
Reheat cracking
Root and Toe Cracks
TYPES OF WELDING DEFECTS
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29. Lack of Fusion
Lack of fusion is the poor adhesion of the weld bead to the base metal. If the weld
heat was not high enough, the metals being welded together may not have
become molten during the welding process and the two pieces did not join.
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30. Under Cutting
Welding along a line or using an arc voltage that is too low can produce a groove or
a slight ditch in the metal right along the weld line. This is known as undercutting.
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31. Pinholes
Welding defect caused by the high welding temperatures is known as Pinholes. If
the temperature of arc making of the weld is very high, then tiny holes resembling
pin holes may appear on the surface of the weld.
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32. Cracking
This defect typically occurs because the welder was using the wrong type of wire
electrode to make the weld. A combination of poor design and inappropriate
procedure may result in high residual stresses and cracking.
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33. Misalignment
This type defect is generally caused by a setup/fit up problem, or trying to join
plates of different thickness.
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34. Gas Inclusions
Gas inclusions is also a defect that includes porosity, blow holes, and pipes. The
cause for gas inclusions is the entrapment of gas within the solidified weld.
It can be from any of the following causes: high sulphur content in the electrode,
excessive moisture from the electrode or wrong welding.
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35. Porosity
Gas inclusions is also a defect that includes porosity, blow holes, and pipes. The
cause for gas inclusions is the entrapment of gas within the solidified weld.
It can be from any of the following causes: high sulphur content in the electrode,
excessive moisture from the electrode or wrong welding.
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36. Craters
Crater cracks occur when a crater is not filled before the arc is broken. This causes
the outer edges of the crater to cool more quickly than the crater, which creates
sufficient stresses to form a crack.
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37. Reheat Cracking
Reheat cracking is a type of cracking that occurs in HSLA steels, particularly
chromium, molybdenum and vanadium steels, during post heating.
It is caused by the poor creep ductility of the heat affected zone.
It can be eliminated by heat treating first with a low temperature soak and then
with a rapid heating to high temperatures, grinding or peening the weld toes
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