Q203 adolescence --social
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The document discusses adolescent social development and identity formation. It introduces the Twenty Statements Test, which is used to measure self-concept by having participants write 20 statements about themselves starting with "I am...". The responses are grouped into 5 categories: social groups, ideological beliefs, interests, ambitions, and self-evaluations. The document also discusses identity crisis in adolescence and strategies for resolving it, such as trying different roles and social groups. Forming a clear identity can be especially challenging for bicultural adolescents.
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Unit 1 Module 1 - M1 Assignment 3Assignment 3 Views on Diver.docx
The document summarizes assignments from five modules of an online course. It provides instructions and grading criteria for assignments on views of diversity, reflections on racial discrimination, a cultural autobiography, living with a disability, and a reflection on discrimination after watching a documentary. The final assignment requires students to interview someone who has faced discrimination and reflect on what they learned about discrimination.
Sexual Identity and the Job Search: Necessary Considerations
A presentation from the 2007 ACPA Conference on necessary considerations for LGBT Students in the job search process. Primary audience college level career professionals
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The document discusses the concept, characteristics, origins, sources, and implications of prejudice. It defines prejudice as a negative attitude that develops through socialization and is based on rigid generalizations. Prejudice stems from social, emotional, and cognitive sources, including inequality, personality factors, and the human tendency to categorize. While prejudice can negatively impact social work practice if held by practitioners, understanding cultural contexts and avoiding discrimination is important in the field.
Glenn, clement e[1]. fundamental needs of the whole child
This document proposes a holistic curriculum model to address the whole child across four skill sets: academic, technical, social, and values. It identifies systemic issues like academic, social, and economic problems that schools face. The holistic curriculum aims to fulfill fundamental human needs for happiness, health, wealth, and strength of character. It would integrate cognitive and affective learning through balancing left and right brain skills. Key components include transforming schools into "championship teams" through rigor, relevance and relationships; listening, obeying and following instructions; and achieving balance through customized skills for all students. The goal is to overcome ignorance and fear by closing gaps between these and pursuing money and happiness.
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The document discusses culture, society, politics and the socialization process. It defines culture as the behaviors, beliefs and symbols passed down from generation to generation within a group. Society is defined as a group of people who share a culture and territory. Politics is defined as activities related to influencing government. The document then discusses how socialization teaches people the norms and expectations of society through key agents like family, school, peer groups and media. It positions socialization as important for establishing identity and encouraging socially acceptable behavior.
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Dr. Clement Glenn, Featured Author, NATIONAL FORUM JOURNALS
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Apl06 prejudice and discrimination
Prejudice refers to unfavorable attitudes towards social groups, while discrimination involves harmful actions directed at those groups. A 1934 study found that while a Chinese-American couple faced little prejudice during visits to establishments, 92% of those places later said they would not accept Chinese guests. Prejudice can take the form of sexism, racism, ageism, and discrimination against homosexuals. It exists on a scale from antilocution to extermination. Prejudice leads to effects like stereotype threat and self-fulfilling prophecies.
Apl05 cognitive dissonance
This document contains a survey asking respondents to rate statements about various social issues on a scale and answer yes/no questions about actions they take. It then provides information on cognitive dissonance theory, including Leon Festinger's proposal that people experience psychological discomfort from inconsistencies between attitudes, beliefs and behaviors, and seek to reduce this tension. It describes Festinger's 1959 experiment inducing cognitive dissonance in students and an effort justification study where subjects rated a discussion more positively based on their prior effort to participate.
Apl04 persuasion
The document summarizes key concepts from research on persuasion and compliance conducted at Yale University in the 1950s. It outlines four steps to persuasion: attention, comprehension, acceptance, and retention. Persuasion is influenced by characteristics of the communicator, message content, and the audience. Tactics to increase compliance include intimidation, exemplification, supplication, self-promotion, and ingratiation. Multiple request techniques like foot-in-the-door and door-in-the-face use an initial request to set up a subsequent, larger request to increase compliance. Central and peripheral routes of persuasion target message recipients' thinking styles.
Apl02 attitude formation and measurement
Attitudes can be formed through direct experiences and observations based on behavioral theories. They can be measured explicitly through questionnaires and scales, or implicitly through physiological responses, language usage, priming techniques, and implicit association tests. Common scales include Likert, Thurstone, Guttman and Osgood's semantic differential which assess attitudes through agreement levels or connotative meanings. Physiological methods analyze facial expressions and brain activity, while covert measures evaluate biases in language, reaction times to primed concepts, and implicit associations.
Apl01
The document defines attitudes as an overall evaluation of an object based on cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. Attitudes involve thoughts, feelings, and past behaviors toward the object. They serve functions such as helping understand the world, achieving goals, protecting self-image, and expressing values. The components are related but not always aligned in valence. Attitudes are influenced by beliefs, attributes, and experiences with the object.
Apl03 interpersonal communication
Interpersonal communication involves a sender encoding messages using verbal, vocal, and visual elements that the receiver decodes based on their own experiences and perspectives. Effective communication requires overcoming potential roadblocks like differing perspectives or reactions that judge or avoid discussion. Active listening is key and includes acknowledging, asking questions, paraphrasing, and mirroring feelings. Nonverbal elements of communication include paralanguage, gestures, touch, and proxemics which examines personal space through intimate, personal, social and public distances.
Not Such A Trivial Pursuit Scoreboard
The document shows the rankings of 31 film teams from a competition. The Mexican Hombres came in first place with a total of 100.5 points. Team Starkid came in second with 95 total points. McNugget (Nek Minnuet) came in third with 82.5 total points. The rankings include each team's name, their individual round scores, total points, and alphabetical ranking.
12 global citizenship
This document describes a study that examined factors related to global citizenship. It found that global awareness and normative support from friends and family predicted stronger identification as a global citizen. In turn, stronger global citizen identity predicted greater endorsement of prosocial values like empathy, diversity, social justice, sustainability, helping others globally, and responsibility. The document concludes that promoting awareness of a shared identity as global citizens can encourage prosocial attitudes and behaviors across borders.
11 prosocial behaviour
Prosocial behavior is defined as voluntary behavior intended to benefit another person. It includes helpful and altruistic acts according to social norms. Research on bystander intervention in emergencies found that the presence of other bystanders decreases the likelihood of any one person helping (the bystander effect). Latane and Darley identified five decision points people go through when deciding whether to help: noticing the emergency, defining it as such, taking responsibility, planning a response, and acting. Factors like ambiguity, mood, gender, attractiveness, and weather influence bystander intervention.
10 emotional intelligence
Emotional intelligence refers to both traits like optimism and self-esteem, as well as cognitive abilities. People with higher emotional intelligence tend to have better social skills and relationships. They are also viewed as more sensitive. Studies show teenagers and others with lower emotional intelligence are more likely to engage in risky behaviors like drug and alcohol abuse. Mayer and Salovey's model of emotional intelligence outlines four branches - perceiving, facilitating, understanding, and managing emotions - that develop with increasing maturity. Gender stereotypes suggest women express and experience emotions more than men, and research generally finds this is accurate based on self-reports and observations of emotional behavior.
09 positive relationships2
Positive relationships and quality friendships contribute greatly to children's well-being and resilience according to research. Relationships are the foundation for building resilience from childhood through adulthood. Having at least one close mutual friendship in childhood is linked to lower rates of loneliness, anxiety, and bullying. First impressions are formed quickly, within a few seconds, and take many encounters to change, so it is important to be aware of body language, tone of voice, appearance, and other non-verbal cues when managing a first impression. Active and constructive listening helps strengthen relationships while passive or destructive styles can damage them.
08 stress, coping, trauma, resilience
The document discusses different types of stress including frustration, conflict, change, and pressure and their physical and psychological symptoms. It also covers strategies for coping with stress such as cognitive restructuring, seeking social support, behavior changes, and physical coping methods. The Penn Resilience Program teaches skills for mental toughness, leading with strengths, and social skills to build resilience and prevent issues like PTSD.
07 self and self efficacy
The document discusses three models that aim to help people become the best version of themselves: self-actualization, the ideal and real self, and self-efficacy. Self-actualization refers to Maslow's concept of fulfilling one's potential. Rogers' ideal and real self model examines how individuals can match their actual self with their ideal self. Self-efficacy refers to one's beliefs about their ability to succeed and is shaped by mastery experiences, social modeling, social persuasion, and emotional states. Developing a strong sense of self-efficacy involves gaining experiences that demonstrate capabilities.
05 parfit
Derek Parfit outlines three theories of self-interest and well-being:
1) Hedonic well-being - Happiness comes from pleasure and lack of pain regardless of external facts
2) Desire fulfillment - Well-being comes from fulfilling one's desires about subjective states and objective facts
3) Objective list - Certain objective things are good/bad for people like knowledge, relationships, regardless of desires/feelings
Each theory is criticized - Hedonism ignores facts, Desire fulfillment ignores bad preferences, the Objective list is unclear on what makes the list.
04 lyubomirsky pdf
The document discusses theories of happiness and presents a new model called the construal model of happiness. The key points are:
1) Traditional theories view happiness as determined either by life circumstances (bottom-up) or temperament (top-down), but the construal model integrates both by proposing that objective circumstances only impact happiness through subjective construals and interpretations.
2) The construal model holds that people are happier when they interpret their life circumstances in an optimistic way, regardless of the actual circumstances. Subjective appraisals correlate more strongly with well-being than objective factors.
3) While temperament contributes to happiness, the document argues that intervention studies show unhappy people can increase their happiness
03 broaden and build
1) Barbara Fredrickson proposes the broaden-and-build theory, which argues that positive emotions broaden people's thought-action repertoires and build their personal resources.
2) Positive emotions broaden people's scopes of attention, cognition, and potential actions. This expanded state is proposed to improve coping and survival odds by building physical, intellectual, and social resources over time.
3) Fredrickson has conducted experiments providing evidence that positive emotions undo the effects of cardiovascular reactivity caused by negative emotions, and that increasing positive emotions leads to benefits in health and well-being over time by building various resources.
02 seligman
Martin Seligman introduced positive psychology, which focuses on human strengths and well-being rather than just weakness and illness. He developed the Authentic Happiness Theory, which defined three types of happy lives: pleasant, engaged, and meaningful. This led to his Well-Being Theory, which defines five elements of well-being: positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. The goal is to increase these elements and achieve a state of flourishing. Seligman's research uses surveys to measure strengths and well-being in order to study positive psychology interventions.
01 emotional brain
1. The document summarizes research on the neural correlates of different emotions. Anger is associated with the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, and hypothalamus. Sadness involves the limbic system near the face, amygdala, and left prefrontal cortex, which shows less activity in depression. Happiness decreases activity in the temporal-parietal and right prefrontal cortex, while the amygdala shows some changes.
2. Research on emotion recognition suggests both left and right hemispheres play a role, though some studies link the right hemisphere more to negative emotions and the left to positive emotions. Evidence from brain damaged patients and chimeric faces studies provides mixed support for the
Autistic spectrum disorders
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in social interaction and communication, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors. The spectrum ranges from mild to severe and includes autistic disorder, Asperger's disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder. ASD is more prevalent in boys than girls, affecting about 1 in 160 Australians. Diagnosis involves observations and assessments of the individual and family to identify early indicators and rule out other potential causes, as there is no single known cause of ASD. Treatments focus on educational and behavioral therapies as well as medications to manage symptoms.
Anxiety disorders
Anxiety disorders are characterized by excessive and unrealistic anxiety and fear. Common types include phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Anxiety disorders affect around 10% of the population at any given time and are more prevalent in women than men. They are often associated with depression and can be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, personality, and cognitive factors.
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Q203 adolescence --social
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